Apes energy test

Which of the structures in the diagram is the site where the nuclear power plant accidents at Three Mile Island and Chernobyl occurred? Look back A A B B C C D D

A

The primary sources of renewable energy in the United States are (a) solar and wind energy. (b) hydroelectricity and tidal energy. (c) biomass and hydroelectricity. (d) geothermal and tidal energy. (e) wind and geothermal energy.

C

Which three sources supply the majority of commercial energy in the world today? A Coal, oil, and natural gas B Solar, wind, and biomass C Nuclear, hydropower, and photovoltaics D Wood, dung, and charcoal E Fuel cells, geothermal, and tidal power

coal, oil, natural gas

Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is the pumping of highly pressurized water with a mixture of sand and chemicals into boreholes to A create cracks within the rock in order to provide pathways for the release of gas and oil B pulverize the rock in order to let gas and oil rise through the soil horizons C reopen old mine shafts, from which gas and oil can be collected D create seismic movement and artificial earthquakes in order to liberate gas and oil E supersaturate the rock with the fracking fluid, which scrubs gas and oil from the rock by abrasion

create cracks within the rock in order to provide pathways for the release of gas and oil

One solution for reducing the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide would be to A increase oceanic temperatures to enhance carbon dioxide uptake B increase the rate of removal of tropical rain forests C decrease the total area of rice paddies D decrease the use of fossil fuels E decrease the production of chlorofluorocarbons

decrease the use of fossil fuels

Geothermal energy plants are a viable alternative energy source because they A use the heat from Earth's interior to create steam that is used to generate electricity and then can be pumped back into the ground B can be built for use in any location where surface drilling is possible and construction of geothermal plants increases land stability C use the heat from Earth's interior to directly heat buildings and houses and give off no greenhouse gasses D do not give off hazardous air pollutants into the atmosphere and require very little water

use the heat from Earth's interior to create steam that is used to generate electricity and then can be pumped back into the ground

If an incandescent lightbulb used for lighting has an efficiency rating of 5 percent, then for every 1.00 joule of electrical energy consumed by the bulb, which of the following is produced? A 1.05 joules of light energy B 1.05 joules of heat energy C 0.95 joules of light energy D 0.05 joules of light energy E 0.05 joules of heat energy

0.05 joules of light energy

A home uses ten 100-watt lightbulbs for five hours per day. Approximately how many kilowatt-hours of electrical energy are consumed in one year by using the lightbulbs? A 365 B 1,825 C 5,000 D 10,500 E 365,000

1,825

The half-life of radon gas is approximately four days. Four weeks after the introduction of radon into a sealed room, the fraction of the original amount remaining is closest to A 1/ 2 B 1/ 8 C 1/ 32 D 1/ 64 E 1/128

1/128

What was the approximate percent increase in consumption from 1986 to 1997 ? Look back A 10% B 20% C 30% D 50% E 80%

20%

Burning one gallon of gasoline in a car releases approximately 20 pounds of CO2 into the atmosphere. One person drives 60,000 miles in a car that averages 30 miles per gallon (mpg), while another person drives 60,000 miles in a car that averages 20 mpg. Over the course of the 60,000 miles, how many fewer pounds of CO2 are released by the 30 mpg car than by the 20 mpg car? A 2,000 B 8,000 C 20,000 D 80,000 E 100,000

20,000

The Chernobyl nuclear disaster led to the release of massive radiation, specifically iodine-131 and cesium-137 , which has been connected to a variety of environmental problems in the 30 years following the disaster. A soil sample near Chernobyl was found to contain 187kBq/m2 of cesium-137 . If the half-life of cesium-137 is approximately 30 years, how much cesium-137 will remain in the sample after 90 years? A 93.50kBq/m2 93.50 kBq/ m 2 B 23.38kBq/m2 23.38 kBq/ m 2 C 6.23kBq/m2 6.23 kBq/ m 2 D 1.58kBq/m2

23.38kBq/m2

A sample of radioactive waste has a half-life of 10 years and an activity level of 2 curies. After how many years will the activity level of this sample be 0.25 curie? A 10 years B 20 years C 30 years D 40 years E 80 years

30 years

How many BTUs were consumed in the United States in 2017 by consumers that used petroleum as a fuel source? A 28 quadrillion BTUs BTUs B 36 quadrillion BTUs BTUs C 62 quadrillion BTUs BTUs D 97 quadrillion BTUs

36 quadrillion BTUs

After 200 million years, only 1/16 of the original amount of a particular radioactive waste will remain. The half-life of this radioactive waste is how many million years? A 12.5 B 25 C 50 D 75 E 100

50

Uranium-235 has a half-life of 710 million years. If it is determined that a certain amount of stored U-235 will be considered safe only when its radioactivity has dropped to 0.10 percent of the original level, approximately how much time must the U-235 be stored securely to be safe? A 7.1 × 106 years B 7.1 × 107 years C 7.1 × 108 years D 7.1 × 109 years E 7.1 × 1010 years

7.1 × 109 years

At the 1997 rate of consumption, about how long will the estimated 2,000 billion barrels of oil last? Look back A 25 years B 50 years C 75 years D 200 years E 500 years

75years

A homeowner wants to save money and energy by heating her home using a passive solar design. She could consider (a) building a green roof. (b) using only Energy Star appliances. (c) placing photovoltaic cells on the roof. (d) installing a ground source heat pump. (e) storing solar energy in a battery.

A

Which of the following consequences of water impoundment for hydroelectric energy production is most likely to release greenhouse gases? (a) Flooding of forests and grasslands (b) Siltation (c) The generation of energy by use of turbines (d) Transfer of energy to power lines (e) Use of excess energy from the hydroelectric plant to pump water into the impoundment

A

Which of the following is the best example of cogeneration? A A power plant uses both coal and natural gas as fuel. B A trash-to-steam power plant accepts both residential and commercial waste. C Several power plants supply the same city with electrical energy. D Emissions from power plants are captured and stripped of sulfur for commercial sale. E A coal-fired power plant captures waste heat and uses it to heat adjacent buildings.

A coal-fired power plant captures waste heat and uses it to heat adjacent buildings.

Which of the following describes an environment where large amounts of oil could form millions of years in the future? A A volcanic island located along the mid-ocean ridge B A large glacier in a mountainous area C A river delta in a forested region D An area of sand dunes in a desert

A river delta in a forested region

Which of the following best explains the process of electricity generation in a hydrogen fuel cell? A At the cathode, water reacts with oxygen to release hydrogen and heat. Electricity is generated as the bonds form between hydrogen and oxygen. The by-product of the reaction is heat. B At the cathode, hydrogen is reduced and then electrons flow to the anode to generate electricity. Oxygen is produced at the cathode. Oxygen and heat are the by-products of the reaction. C At the anode, hydrogen is oxidized and electrons flow in a circuit to the cathode. At the cathode, oxygen reacts with the hydrogen to produce water. Water and heat are by-products of the reaction. D At the anode, hydrogen is oxidized and electrons pass through an electrolyte to the cathode. There, the protons react with water to produce oxygen. Water and heat are by-products of the reaction.

At the anode, hydrogen is oxidized and electrons flow in a circuit to the cathode. At the cathode, oxygen reacts with the hydrogen to produce water. Water and heat are by-products of the reaction.

10. Which of the following energy sources is responsible for the largest fraction of electricity generation in the United States? (a) Natural gas (b) Coal (c) Uranium (d) Oil (e) Wood

B

Which fuel is most likely the least expensive fuel to produce? (a) Biodiesel (b) Coal (c) Ethanol from corn (d) Ethanol from sugarcane (e) Natural gas

B

Biomass Wind Tidal energy Nuclear fission Sunlight The source whose use is a direct cause of deforestation A Biomass B Wind C Tidal energy D Nuclear fission E Sunlight

Biomass

Which of the following best describes the energy resource used most often for heating and cooking in less developed countries? A Bituminous coal is primarily used because of its relative abundance and high moisture content. B Cogeneration from fuel oil systems is primarily used because it has low up-front costs. C Biomass is the predominant fuel source because it is easily obtained locally. D Natural gas is the most prevalent fuel source because it is readily available and produces few air pollutants.

Biomass is the predominant fuel source because it is easily obtained locally.

Which of the following is the most successful solution to the problem of fish mortality caused by dams? A Placing fish repellents on dam turbines B Eliminating keystone species above the dam C Building fish ladders around the dam D Harvesting the fish before they reach the dam E Dredging the sediments upstream of the dam

Building fish ladders around the dam

Which of the following is the current recommendation of Congress for the permanent storage of high-level radioactive waste in the United States? A Burial deep underground at sites remote from population centers B Storage in huge pools of water at the nuclear plants where they are produced C Storage in concrete and steel casks, above ground in air-cooled buildings, at nuclear plants where they are produced D Storage deep in the Antarctic ice sheet and burial beneath the ocean floor E Injection deep underground in remote areas between impervious layers of shale and clay

Burial deep underground at sites remote from population centers

In 1969, M. King Hubbert published a graph known as the Hubbert curve. This graph shows (a) the amount of nuclear fuel available in North America. (b) the amount of nuclear fuel available in the world. (c) the point at which world oil production will reach a maximum and the point at which we will run out of oil. (d) the point at which world oil production will increase. (e) the coal reserves found in the United States, China, and Russia.

C

Which source of energy is NOT (ultimately) solar-based? (a) Wind (b) Biomass (c) Tides (d) Coal (e) Hydroelectricity

C

Economic benefits of building large dams include which of the following? I. Storage of water for agriculture and domestic use II. Controlling floods upstream III. Production of renewable energy A I only B II only C I and III only D II and III only E I, II, and III

C I and III only

Which of the following describes an environmental problem that can result from the combustion of fossil fuels to generate electricity? A A chemical reaction occurs between the fossil fuel and oxygen to produce energy for the generation of electricity. B Carbon dioxide is a product of the combustion fossil fuels, and it can lead to global climate change when released into the atmosphere. C The combustion of fossil fuels can heat water to convert the water into steam to turn turbines that are connected to electrical generators. D Combustion reactions using fossil fuels require more energy than they produce and are therefore very inefficient.

Carbon dioxide is a product of the combustion fossil fuels, and it can lead to global climate change when released into the atmosphere.

All of the following substances are derived from petroleum EXCEPT A asphalt B DDT C cellulose D polystyrene E nylon

Cellulose

In an apartment building, exhaust from a gas-powered electrical generator is captured to produce hot water to heat a swimming pool. Which of the following is illustrated by this process? A Synergy B Cogeneration C Synfuels D Energy recovery

Cogeneration

The fact that global transfer of energy from fuels to electricity is about 35 percent efficient is mostly a consequence of (a) the Hubbert curve. (b) the law of conservation of matter. (c) the first law of thermodynamics. (d) the second law of thermodynamics. (e) the law of limiting factors.

D

Which of the following demonstrate(s) the use of passive solar energy? I. A south-facing room with stone walls and floors II. Photovoltaic solar cells for the generation of electricity III. A solar oven (a) I only (b) II only (c) III only (d) I and III (e) II and III

D

Which of the following is true regarding natural gas? (a) Extraction and combustion of natural gas have less effect on global warming than extraction and combustion of coal. (b) Contamination of water during the extraction process is of little concern. (c) Liquefied petroleum gas is a slightly more energy-dense than natural gas. (d) Pipelines are the primary means of transporting natural gas. (e) Exploration for natural gas requires less energy than exploration for other energy sources.

D

13. In order to best achieve energy sustainability, humans must consider which of the following strategies? I. Building large, centralized power plants II. Improving energy efficiency III. Developing new energy technologies (a) I only (b) II only (c) III only (d) I and II (e) II and III

E

14. Relative to burning fossil carbon, the use of modern carbon for energy (a) rarely contributes to the removal of vegetation. (b) does not use energy that originates from the Sun. (c) is always subsidized by government programs. (d) is cheaper and more efficient. (e) is more likely to be carbon-neutral.

E

8. In a nuclear power plant, control rods are used to (a) control the placement of fuel rods. (b) increase the efficiency of nuclear reactions. (c) transfer heat energy from the fuel rods into water. (d) increase the capacity factor of the plant. (e) absorb excess neutrons emitted by fuel rods.

E

Which of the following statements regarding petroleum is correct? I. It is formed from the decay of woody plants. II. It contains natural gas as well as oil. III. It migrates through pore spaces in rocks. (a) I, II, and III (b) I and III (c) II only (d) I and II (e) II and III

E

This region has been the largest petroleum exporter for the past four decades. A A B B C C D D E E

E Saudi Arabia

This type of energy utilizes heat that is stored beneath Earth's surface to heat water and produce steam. A Solar Energy B Wind Energy C Geothermal Energy D Nuclear Energy

Geothermal Energy

Which of the following is the most valid inference regarding electricity production, based on the graph above? A Electricity production from coal began to decrease in 2008 because of shortages in coal supplies. B Electricity production from coal began to decrease in 2008 because of the increasing use of natural gas and renewable energy. C The use of nuclear energy increased from 1970 to 2010 because of the low cost of constructing nuclear power plants. D The use of nuclear energy increased from 1970 to 2010 because of shortages in coal supplies. E Renewable energy has not increased as much as nuclear energy has since 1970 because of federal laws restricting construction of wind farms.

Electricity production from coal began to decrease in 2008 because of the increasing use of natural gas and renewable energy.

Based on the diagram, which processes would provide the energy used to generate electricity at the power plant? A Absorption of incoming solar radiation B Fusion of atomic nuclei to form heavier nuclei C Combustion of fossil fuels D Fission in radioactive fuel

Fission in radioactive fuel

Which of the following best describes an environmental problem associated with hydrologic fracturing, or fracking? A Fracking has led to an increase in the production of oil and natural gas, lowering energy prices. B Fractures in the shale will close up once the fracking fluid is removed unless fine particles, like sand, are introduced to hold them open. C The products of fracking release more carbon dioxide and sulfur compounds into the atmosphere than other fossil fuels. D Fracking fluids can escape from the drill hole and contaminate surface water and groundwater.

Fracking fluids can escape from the drill hole and contaminate surface water and groundwater.

Which of the following accurately describes a fuel cell vehicle? A Fuel cell vehicles run on both an internal combustion engine and a backup battery. B Fuel cell vehicles are able to convert waste oil from the food industry into ethanol, which is burned as a source of power. C Fuel cell vehicles use hydrogen to generate electricity that runs the motor. D Fuel cell vehicles generate energy by creating a flow of electrons in a semiconducting material such as silicon. E Fuel cell vehicles use methane to heat water, which creates steam that turns a turbine to generate electricity.

Fuel cell vehicles use hydrogen to generate electricity that runs the motor.

Which of the following energy sources is not derived directly or indirectly from solar energy? A Geothermal B Photovoltaic C Hydroelectric D Biomass E Wind

Geothermal

Which of the following best describes a disadvantage of geothermal energy production? A Geothermal energy production is a significant source of noise pollution. B Geothermal energy implementation in homes and businesses has a high upfront cost, and electricity is needed to operate pumps. C Geothermal energy generation costs remain stable when gas and oil prices increase. D Geothermal energy is weather dependent and can be generated only at certain times of the year.

Geothermal energy implementation in homes and businesses has a high upfront cost, and electricity is needed to operate pumps.

A developer intends to use passive solar heating in a new construction project in Minnesota in an effort to reduce electricity costs for the property owners. Which of the following should be employed to maximize the benefit of passive solar heating? A Concentrate solar energy on the roof using mirrors to heat water that is then used to generate electricity. B Plant fast-growing trees near the windows of the property to increase shading in the fall and winter. C Install south-facing glazed windows in the home and dark surfaces to cover the walls and floors. D Use photovoltaic cells to convert solar energy into electricity during peak sunlight to charge a battery that can be used for heating at night.

Install south-facing glazed windows in the home and dark surfaces to cover the walls and floors.

Throughout the world, especially the less-developed countries, burning wood or other biomass for heating or cooking in homes is common. One negative environmental impact of this practice is the production of particulates indoors, which can be a health hazard to humans. Which of the following describes the best strategy for mitigating this potential problem? A Installing effective ventilation systems in dwellings B Updating dwellings with well-sealed windows C Planting native plants around the dwelling D Equipping dwellings with rainwater collection systems

Installing effective ventilation systems in dwellings

Which of the following is a true statement about passive solar heating? A It is effective only during the summer months. B It is based in part on the principle of the greenhouse effect. C It is not used to heat commercial buildings. D It is not efficient because it cannot produce high-quality energy. E It produces more pollution than heating with an electric heat pump.

It is based in part on the principle of the greenhouse effect.

Many environmentalists consider Egypt's Aswan High Dam on the Nile River to be an ecological disaster. Which of the following is the best evidence to support this viewpoint? A Creation of the dam flooded important archaeological sites. B Sardine populations near the Nile delta increased exponentially as a result of decreased annual rates of water flow. C The Aswan High Dam supplies one-third of the electrical power used in Egypt. D Some countries upstream from the dam have diverted Nile River water for their own projects. E Most of the nutrient-rich silt that the Nile annually deposited downstream is now deposited behind the dam.

Most of the nutrient-rich silt that the Nile annually deposited downstream is now deposited behind the dam.

Scientists are looking for new locations to generate electricity using geothermal energy. Which of the following locations would be the best choice for a geothermal energy generating plant? A Near tectonic plate boundaries B Near fossil fuel resources C Near the equator D Near warm ocean currents

Near tectonic plate boundaries

This type of energy is considered a nonrenewable energy source. A Solar Energy B Wind Energy C Geothermal Energy D Nuclear Energy

Nuclear energy

Biomass Wind Tidal energy Nuclear fission Sunlight The source that is not renewable A Biomass B Wind C Tidal energy D Nuclear fission E Sunlight

Nuclear fission

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the following energy sources. Biomass Wind Tidal energy Nuclear fission Sunlight The source that produces long-lived hazardous wastes A Biomass B Wind C Tidal energy D Nuclear fission E Sunlight

Nuclear fission

Nuclear power is a component of the line labeled "Other" in the graph. Why is it impossible for nuclear energy to completely replace oil and gas in the future? A Nuclear power is unacceptable to the public, so they will not allow it. B At the current rate of consumption, there is only enough uranium to last for fifteen more years. C Nuclear power can supply electricity, but it cannot replace other uses of oil and gas. D Nuclear energy is too costly for general use. E Nuclear waste contributes more to global climate change than do oil and gas.

Nuclear power can supply electricity, but it cannot replace other uses of oil and gas.

The Chernobyl nuclear disaster led to the release of massive radiation, specifically iodine-131 and cesium-137 , which has been connected to a variety of environmental problems in the 30 years following the disaster. Which of the following best describes the process of electricity generation at a nuclear power plant? A Nuclear power is generated through fission, which releases a large amount of heat. The heat is used to generate steam, which turns a turbine that powers a generator. B Nuclear power is generated when photons are converted to a direct current using a semiconducting material such as silicon. An inverter is used to convert the direct-current direct-current electricity into an alternating current. C Nuclear power is generated from the thermal energy of Earth, which is a result of radioactive decay. The water underground is turned to steam, which turns a turbine to produce electricity. D Nuclear power is generated from the combustion of mined uranium, which provides enough heat to power a generator. The generator turns a turbine to create electricity.

Nuclear power is generated through fission, which releases a large amount of heat. The heat is used to generate steam, which turns a turbine that powers a generator.

Which of the following best describes a benefit of increasing the number of offshore wind farms rather than onshore wind farms? A Offshore wind farms will consume less water during operation than wind farms on land because the turbines require less steam for electricity generation. B Offshore wind farms will decrease the maintenance costs associated with electricity generation because they are cheaper to operate than wind farms on land. C Offshore wind farms will emit less carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide than wind farms on land because they are farther from urban areas. D Offshore winds farms will produce up to three times as much electricity as wind farms on land because of increased wind speeds offshore.

Offshore winds farms will produce up to three times as much electricity as wind farms on land because of increased wind speeds offshore.

Of the following sources, which supplies the most commercial energy in the world today? A Solar B Oil C Biomass D Nuclear E Hydroelectric

Oil

Which of the following best describes the conditions under which peat is formed? A Partially decayed vegetation is placed under low-pressure, aerobic, acidic conditions. B Partially decayed vegetation is placed under high-pressure, anaerobic, alkaline conditions. C Partially decayed vegetation is placed under high-pressure, anaerobic, acidic conditions. D Partially decayed vegetation is placed under low-pressure, aerobic, alkaline conditions.

Partially decayed vegetation is placed under high-pressure, anaerobic, acidic conditions.

The Chernobyl nuclear disaster led to the release of massive radiation, specifically iodine-131 and cesium-137 , which has been connected to a variety of environmental problems in the 30 years following the disaster. A meltdown in which of the following structures at a nuclear power plant, such as Chernobyl, would most likely lead to the accidental release of radiation? A Cooling tower B Turbine C Generator D Reactor core

Reactor core

Which of the following is a way for the government to encourage efficient energy use? A Requiring higher fuel economy standards for new cars B Implementing government subsidies to keep gasoline prices low C Raising the speed limit from 55 to 70 miles per hour D Limiting the development of public transportation systems E Removing all taxes from gasoline at the fuel pump

Requiring higher fuel economy standards for new cars

Based on the data, which of the following policies would most likely make the greatest reduction in the ecological footprint for all of the cities shown in the graph? A Setting higher fuel efficiency standards for vehicles B Increasing the cost to use public transportation C Offering tax incentives to individuals who recycle clothing and home goods D Subsidizing the cost of solar panel installation for homeowners

Setting higher fuel efficiency standards for vehicles

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using nuclear energy as a source of electricity? A Energy production is not consistent from day to day. B Cooling towers release contaminants into the atmosphere. C Spent fuel rods must be disposed of properly. D Volatile organic compounds are released into groundwater.

Spent fuel rods must be disposed of properly.

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the following energy sources. Biomass Wind Tidal energy Nuclear fission Sunlight The source that is converted directly into electrical energy by photovoltaic cells A Biomass B Wind C Tidal energy D Nuclear fission E Sunlight

Sunlight

Which of the following is most likely to reduce the United States contribution to the increase in concentration of atmospheric CO2? A Requiring all farming practices to be organic B Stopping logging in United States forests C Switching fuel use for residential heating from oil to coal D Switching from cars and trucks to rail for mass transit and freight movement E Preventing depletion of stratospheric ozone

Switching from cars and trucks to rail for mass transit and freight movement

Which statement best describes the approximate global distribution of coal supplies? A Brazil and South Africa together contain 33% of proven reserves. B The United States contains 40% of proven reserves. C Australia, Japan, and France together contain 45% of proven reserves. D The United States, the former Soviet Union, and China together contain 50% of proven reserves. E Germany, Brazil, and India together contain 75% of proven reserves.

The United States, the former Soviet Union, and China together contain 50% of proven reserves.

The separation of the various components of crude oil in refineries is accomplished primarily by taking advantage of differences in which of the following? A The densities of the components B The boiling points of the components C The solubility of the components D The sulfur content of the components E The viscosities of the components

The boiling points of the components

Construction of a solar power plant is proposed for a desert area near a school. A student has hypothesized that the shade cast by the solar panels will increase the mortality of creosote bush, a native desert plant in the area. Before construction begins, what experimental data should the student collect in order to eventually test the hypothesis? A The rate of increase in atmospheric CO 2 worldwide (in ppm) that occurs in the 12-month period prior to the start of construction B Average noise levels (in decibels) at a construction site, compared to average noise levels in the desert 20 km away from the construction site C The rate of wind-caused soil erosion (in kg/yr) near solar panels at a similar desert location where creosote bush grows D The direct sunlight received by creosote bush in the desert area (in kWh/m2) during a 12-month period E The changes in monthly precipitation (in mm/yr) at a similar desert location where creosote bush grows

The direct sunlight received by creosote bush in the desert area (in kWh/m2) during a 12-month period

Which of the following gases is released from the structure labeled C in the diagram? A Carbon dioxide B Methane C Water vapor D Radon-222

Water vapor

Which of the following statements about geothermal energy is accurate? A While geothermal energy can heat buildings directly, it is not used to generate electricity. B The location of geothermal energy sources ranges from short distances below ground to miles below the surface. C Steam from underground sources must be condensed before it can be used aboveground. D In some parts of the world, geothermal sources are used to power steam locomotives.

The location of geothermal energy sources ranges from short distances below ground to miles below the surface.

Which of the following is a negative consequence associated with photovoltaic solar cells? A Photovoltaic solar cells increase the reliance on transport of fuels long distances from energy sources to homeowners. B Smog and ground-level ozone can be created from pollutants released from photovoltaic solar cells during electricity generation. C The manufacture of photovoltaic solar cells involves toxic metals that can be released into the environment. D The installation of photovoltaic solar cells on houses and other buildings can result in the release of chemicals that destroy stratospheric ozone.

The manufacture of photovoltaic solar cells involves toxic metals that can be released into the environment.

Between 1960 and 1970, world oil consumption approximately doubled. Which of the following explanations is consistent with this increase? A The number of passengers per car increased. B People drove less, conserving gasoline. C The price of gasoline increased. D The number of cars on the road increased. E Cars that were more fuel-efficient were manufactured.

The number of cars on the road increased.

Although nuclear energy is considered a cleaner energy source than fossil fuels, some scientists argue this does not support the claim that nuclear energy is renewable. Which of the following claims best supports the argument that nuclear energy is a nonrenewable energy source? A Nuclear energy has low carbon emissions and does not contribute to global warming. B The uranium deposits on Earth are finite. C Nuclear energy is generated by the process of nuclear fission. D Nuclear power plants convert water to steam, similar to fossil fuel-burning power plants.

The uranium deposits on Earth are finite.

Which of the following best describes the method of vehicle transport that is the most environmentally sustainable? A The use of a vehicle powered by hydrogen fuel cells because there are no carbon emissions B The use of a plug-in hybrid vehicle because the fuel sources do not release any carbon dioxide C The use of a vehicle powered by biodiesel because it can be used in conjunction with traditional diesel D The use of a vehicle powered by ethanol because corn is grown to produce energy rather than for human consumption

The use of a vehicle powered by hydrogen fuel cells because there are no carbon emissions

Which of the following is a drawback to using biofuels, such as ethanol, as a fuel source? A Ethanol-blended gasoline has higher carbon emissions than petroleum alone. B The global demand for biofuels is continually decreasing. C There is high energy investment in producing and processing the crops needed for ethanol production. D Ethanol-blended gasoline increases the likelihood of freezing gas lines in winter months.

There is high energy investment in producing and processing the crops needed for ethanol production.

Which of the following is considered an advantage of using nuclear power to generate electricity? A No waste is generated. B There is a limitless supply of the raw material needed for the process of generating energy. C Nuclear power plants are inexpensive to build and maintain. D There is no potential for thermal pollution. E There is no CO2 emitted from the nuclear reaction.

There is no CO2 emitted from the nuclear reaction.

Compared to a coal-fired power plant that produces the same amount of energy, a nuclear power plant generates more A CO2 B SO2 C fly ash D particulates E thermal pollution

Thermal pollution

Which of the following metals is considered an energy resource? A Uranium B Cobalt C Mercury D Copper E Palladium

Uranium

Which of the following would be most likely to be used as a fuel source for electricity generation in the plant displayed in the diagram? A Uranium-235 B Cesium-137 C Iodine-123 D Yttrium-90 and Yttrium-91

Uranium-235

Which of the following negative consequences is most often associated with using biomass for energy production? A Using biomass for energy production requires long-term storage for radioactive waste. B Using biomass for energy production can increase salinization in agricultural fields. C Using biomass for energy production releases carbon sequestered in fossil fuels into the atmosphere. D Using biomass for energy production can result in local deforestation.

Using biomass for energy production can result in local deforestation.

Which of the following is a reason why hybrid electric vehicles use less fossil fuel per mile traveled than a typical internal combustion engine vehicle uses? A Hybrid electric vehicles don't burn fossil fuels; they run on electric energy. B Hybrid electric vehicles are powered by the Sun using rooftop photovoltaic panels. C When the brakes are applied in hybrid electric vehicles, kinetic energy is converted into electric energy to charge the batteries that assist the electric motor. D Batteries in hybrid electric vehicles can be charged in the driveway overnight, when rates for electricity usage are typically low. E The engines in hybrid electric vehicles are powered by biofuels made from genetically modified corn.

When the brakes are applied in hybrid electric vehicles, kinetic energy is converted into electric energy to charge the batteries that assist the electric motor.

There are various stages in the formation of coal as heat and pressure are increased and moisture content is decreased. These stages, in order, are A bituminous, peat, lignite, anthracite B peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite C peat, lignite, anthracite, bituminous D lignite, bituminous, anthracite, peat E anthracite, bituminous, peat, lignite

peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite

In contrast to low-level radioactive waste, most high-level radioactive waste is currently A put into steel drums and dumped into the ocean B incinerated C buried in government landfills D recycled E stored at reactor sites

stored at reactor sites