APES Fall Exams
Which statement about dose-response studies is not true
..b) dose-response studies only test for lethal effects
which of the following practices is not a part of integrated pest management?
..b) elimination of pesticides
In the United States, how much of generated waste ends up being recycled
..b) less than 33%
which of the following conditions does not define the fundamental niche of a species
..b) predators
which of the following is not an environmental or health problem that has been associated with CAFOs?
..b) the overgrazing of large tracts of land
What is not true about the two philosophies of regulating chemicals
..b) the precautionary principle is used in the United States
which of the following is an example of artificial selection?
..b) thoroghbred racehorses have been bred for speed
After a severe drought, the productivity in an ecosystem took many years to return to pre-drought conditions. This observation indicates that the ecosystem has
..b)low resilience
Which macronutrient is required by humans in the largest amounts?
..b)nitrogen
The anticancer drug Taxol was originally extracted from the bark of the Pacific yew tree. This drug is an example of a type of ecosystem service known as
..c)provisions
which of the following is not a type of organic biological molecule?
..c)salts
what percentage of the world population lives in developing countries?
..d) 82
At which trophic level are eagles that consume fish that eat algae?
...
in science, which of the following is the most certain
..c) natural law
At which tophic level do organisms use a process that produces oxygen as a waste product
...
At which trophic level are dragonflies that consume mosquitoes that feed on herbivorous mammals?
...
For questions 10-12, refer to the following letter choices and choose the compound that is most associated with each numbered statement
...
Questions 1-4 refer to the selections (A) - (E) below. Match the lettered item with the correct numbered statement.
...
a lake that has been affected by acid rain has a pH of 4. how many more times acidic is the lake water than seawater?
...
after analyzing the results of the experiment, the most appropriate conclusion would be that caffeine-
...a)
A dangerous indoor air pollutant.
...a)CO
It contaminated the land and water near the housing development Love canal in New York.
...a)benzyne
It is produced by anaerobic decomposition in landfills
...c)methane
before the researchers began the experiment, they formulated a null hypothesis. the best null hypothesis for the experiment would be that caffeine-
...d)
A corrosive gas from burning coal often associated with industrial smog.
...d)SO2
Emitted from both diesel and burning wood.
...e)PM10
Which of the following characteristics are typical of developed countries I. high technology use II. Low GDP III. Small-scale sustainable agriculture
..a) I only
the theory of island biogeography suggests that species richness is affected by which of the following factors I. island distance from mainland II. how the island is formed III. island size
..a) I only
The following graph of the population growth of canda geese in ohio between 1955 and 2002 can best be described as
..a) an exponential growth curve
which of the following statements about aquaducts is correct?
..a) aqueducts designed as open canals can lose a lot of water via evaporation
The World Health Organization estimates that over half of the deaths world wide due to indoor air pollution occur among
..a) children less than five years old
which of the following processes is not characteristic of oceanic circulation?
..a) counterclockwise gyres in the northern hemisphere
Which of the following is not a measure of biodiversity?
..a) economic diversity
The yellow perch is a fish that breeds in spring. a single female can produce up to 40,000 eggs at one time. this species is an example of which of the key ideas of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?
..a) individuals produce an excess of offspring
Which statement about toxins is correct
..a) neurotoxins impair the nervous system
Acid mine drainage results from acidic water formed below ground that makes its way to the surface; the acidic water is formed as a result of the flooding of abandoned mines where the underground water
..a) reacts with a type of rock, pyrite, which releases Iron and Hydrogen ions.
Beginning at the lowest trophic level, arrange the following food chain found on the Serengeti Plain of Africa in the correct sequence.
..a) shrubs-gazelles-cheetahs-decomposers
Two major factors involved in the conversion of primary pollutants into secondary pollutants are
..a) sunlight and water
Which of the following statements about temperate biomes is not correct?
..a) temperate biomes have average annual temperatures above 20* C
a wooden log that weighs 1.00 kg is placed in a fire-place. once lit, it is allowed to burn until there are only traces of ash, weighing 0.04 kg left. which of the following best describes the flow of energy?
..a) the potential energy of the wooden log was converted into the kinetic energy of head and light
In which layer of Earth's atmosphere does most weather occur?
..a) troposphere
which of the following would represent a system in steady state? I. the birth rate of chameleons on the island of madagascar equals their death rate II.Evaporation from a lake is greater than precipitation and runoff flowing into the lake III.the steady flow of the colorado river results in more erosion than deposition for rock particles
..a)I only
which of the following statements about desalination is correct?
..a)distillation requires more energy than reverse osmosis
which of the following is not a water conservation technique?
..a)flood irrigation
which of the following is not a traditional farming technique that is used in sustainable agriculture?
..a)nomadic herding
which of the following is not an environmental benefit of smart growth?
..a)reduced flooding
Nuclear power plants produce electricity using energy from the radioactive decay of
..a)uranium-235
An ecosystem has an ecological efficiency of 10%. If the producer level contains 10,000 kiolcalories of energy, how much energy does the tertiary consumer level contain?
..b) 10 kcal
if the average adult woman consumes approximately 2,000 kcal per day, how long would she need to run in order to utilize 25 percent of her caloric intake, given that the energy requirement for running is 42,000 J per minute
..b) 50 minutes
which of the following demonstrate(s) the use of passive solar energy I. a south-facing room with stone walls and floors II. photovoltaic solar cells for the generation III. a solar oven
..b) II only
A high intrinsic growth rate would most likely be characteristic of
..b) an r-selected species such as the american bullfrong
as described in this chapter, environmental indicators
..b) can be used to analyze the health of natural systems
in the antarctic food web below, the arrows point from a food source to a consumer. which of the following statements is not a conclusion that can be drawn from this food web?
..b) carnivorous zooplankton and herbivorous zooplankton interact mutualistically
which of the following is not an environmental consequence of clear-cutting?
..b) decreased biodiversity due to habitat fragmentation
which of the following is not an example of the tragedy of the commons?
..b) depletion of fish stocks in international waters
Which of the following would be an indication that a body of water was contaminated by human waste water.
..b) high levels of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorous, and high BOD
which of the following statements about atoms and molecules is correct?
..b) isotopes are the result of varying numbers of neutrons in atoms of the same element
which of the following is not associated with the surface extraction of coal?
..b) land subsidence and collapse
which of the following contrasts between confined and unconfined aquifers is correct?
..b) only confined aquifers can produce artesian wells
Which of the following best explains why polar regions are colder than tropical regions?
..b) polar regions receive less solar energy per unit of surface area
consider a power plant that uses natural gas as a fuel to generate electricity. if there are 10,000 J of chemical energy contained in a specified amount of natural gas, then the amount of electricity that could be produced would be-
..b) something less than 10,000 J, depending on the efficiency of the generator
which of the following lists of household water uses is in the correct order, from highest to lowest
..b) toilet>bathing>laundry>cooking and drinking
a metropolitan region of 100,000 people has 2,000 births, 500 deaths, 200 emigrants, and 100 immigrants over a 1 year period. its population grow rate is
..b)1.4%
use figure 1.6 to calculate the approximate percentage change in world grain production per person between 1950-2000
..b)20%
figure 1.8 shows atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration over time. the measured concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is an example of
..b)an environmental indicator
which of the following energy sources is responsible for the largest fraction of electricity generation in the untied states?
..b)coal
which of the following is not an example of a density-independent factor?
..b)competition
at which type of boundary does seafloor spreading occur?
..b)divergent plate boundary
Research at Hubbard Brook showed that stream nitrate concentrations in two watersheds were ____ before clear-cutting, and that after on watershed was clear-cut, its stream nitrate concentration was ____.
..b)similar/increased
which statement regarding a global environmental indicator is not correct?
..b)world grain production has increased fairly steadily since 1950, but worldwide production of grain per capita has decreased dramatically over the same period
federally owned land in the united states can best be described as
..c) 28% of all land, with most of it in texas
an automobile with an internal combustion engine converts the potential energy of gasoline into the kinetic energy of the moving pistons. if the average internal combustion engine is 10 percent efficient and 1 kg of gasoline is combusted, how much potential energy is converted into energy to run pistons?
..c) 4.4 MJ
evidence for the theory of plate tectonics includes I. large deposits of copper ore II. identical rock formations on both sides of the atlantic III. fossils of the same species on distant continents
..c) II and III only
A pungent reddish-brown gas often associated with photochemical smog.
..c) NO2
the diagram below represents which of the following concepts?
..c) a positive feedback loop, because more carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere result in greater permafrost thaw, which releases more carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere
some scientists estimate that the current global extinction rate is about 30,000 species per year. if there are currently 10,000,000 species on earth, how long will it take to destroy all of earth's biodiversity?
..c) between 300 and 500 years
The EPA identifies all of the following as reasons for sick building syndrome except
..c) contamination from outdoor air
at which type of boundary does subduction occur?
..c) convergent plate boundary
which of the following is not a statement of the logistic growth model?
..c) future population growth cannot be predicted mathematically
at current growth rates, which country will probably be the most populous in the world after 2050?
..c) india
The least amount of nitrogen oxide emissions comes from
..c) industrial processes
which of the following statements about surface waters is not correct?
..c) levees are used to make reserviors
Which statement about emerging infectious diseases is not true
..c) mad cow disease is spread by feeding grass to cows
in 2002, peter and b rosemary grant studied a population of Darwin's finches on one of the galapagos islands that feed on seeds of various sizes. after a drought that caused only large seeds to be available to the birds, they found that natrual selection favored those birds that had larger beaks and bodies. once the rains returned and smaller seeds became much more abundant, however, natural selection favored those birds that had smaller beaks and bodies. which of the following processes is the best interpretation of this scenario
..c) microevolution
The pollutant least likely to be admitted from a smoke stack would be
..c) ozone
even if a country reduces its birth rate, and maintains replacement-level fertility, its population will still continue to grow for several decades because of
..c) population momentum
Based on Figure 14.12, which of the following pharmaceuticals was detected most often in the streams studied by the US Geological Survey
..c) steroids
which of the following statements about ecological succession is correct?
..c) succession is influenced by competition for limiting resources such as available soil, moisture, and nutrients
All of the following are the result of the Exxon Valdez oil tanker running aground off the coast of Alaska in 1989 except
..c) the oil that contaminated the shore line is now completely broken down
which of the following is an environmental advantage of no-till agriculture?
..c) the undisturbed soil is less susceptible to erosion
All of the following are examples of primary air pollutants except.
..c) tropospheric ozone
which of the following descriptions best matches the survivorship curves presented below?
..c) type III could represent elephants, which are typical K-selected species
Natural sources of air pollution include all of the following except
..c) waterfalls
Under which of the following circumstances is a sewage treatment plant legally permitted to bypass normal treatment protocol and discharge large amounts of sewage directly into a lake or river.
..c) when combined volumes of storm water and waste water exceed the capacity of an older plant.
Which of the following statements about rain shadows is correct?
..c)as air rises over a mountain range, water vapor condenses into precipitation
Which information is not found in climate diagrams?
..c)average annual humidity
which of the following lists of agricultural irrigation techniques is in the correct order, from least efficient to most efficient?
..c)furrow irrigation, flood irrigation, spray irrigation, drip irrigation
the correct vertical zonation of earth above the core is
..c)mantle-asthenosphere-lithosphere-soil
which of the following in an environmental effect of bycatch?
..c)nontarget fish populations have declined
which of the following is not an example of potentially renewable or nondepletable energy source?
..c)nuclear energy
the environmental impacts of cutting down a forest to obtain wood as fuel for heating and cooking could include I. deforestation and subsequent soil erosion II. release of particulate matter into the air III. a large net rise in atmospheric concentrations of sulfur dioxide
..d) I and II
which of the following events has increased the impact of humans on the environment? I. advances in technology II. reduced human population growth III. use of tools for hunting
..d) I and III only
which of the following are environmental impacts of urban sprawl? I. greater reliance on the automobile and increased fossil fuel consumption II. increased consumption of land for housing and highway construction III. loss of valuable farmlands
..d) II and III only
Which of the following statements about non-point source (NPS) pollution is not correct.
..d) NPS is water pollution that originates from a distinctive source such as a pipe or tank.
which of the following does not demonstrate the law of a conservation of matter?
..d) PbO + C -> 2Pb + CO2
Which of the following statement about aquatic biomes is correct?
..d) freshwater wetlands have emergent plants in their deepest areas, whereas ponds and lakes do not
It may be present in the emissions from waste incinerators.
..d) hydrochloric acid
Successful remediation of oil spills floating on the surface of the oceans from leaking oil tankers or off-shore platforms includes which of the following i. containment and vacuuming up the oil ii. high-pressure hot water iii. chemicals that break down oil
..d) i and iii
All of the following are desired outcomes of MSW
..d) increasing air pollution
which of the following countries best exemplifies phase 4 of a demographic transition
..d) japan
an earth slowly cooled,
..d) lighter elements moved to the surface and heavier elements sank to the core
Which statement about retrospective and prospective toxicity studies is correct
..d) prospective studies monitor health effects from future chemical exposures
Both septic systems and sewage treatment plants utilize bacteria to break down organic matter. Where in each system does this process occur?
..d) septic tank and leach field; secondary treatment only.
Why do scientists use dominant plant growth forms to categorize terrestrial biomes?
..d) similar plant growth forms are found in climates with similar temperatures and amounts of precipitation
based on the graph below, which of the following is the best interpretation of the data?
..d) the input of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere is greater than the output from the atmosphere
as the size of a white-tailed deer population increases,
..d) the number of gray wolves, a natural predator of white- tailed deer, will increase
under the provisions of the national environment policy act, which of the following would require the preparation of an environmental impact statement?
..d) the planting of trees in front of city hall
the fact that global transfer of energy form fuels to electricity is about 35% efficient is mostly a consequence of
..d) the second law of thermodynamics
renewable energy sources are best described as
..d) those that are being depleted at a faster rate than they are being replenished
which of the following was a significant cause of urban sprawl over the past 50 years?
..d) use of the federal gasoline tax to construct and maintain highways
which of the following is not a nonrenewable energy resource?
..d) wind
which of the following characteristics are typical of r-selected species I they produce many offspring in a short period of time II they have very low survivorship early in life III they take a long time to reach reproductive maturity
..d)I and II
Which of the following is not characteristic of ecosystems?
..d)distinct boundaries
the northern elephant seal was once hunted to near extinction. only 20 animals remained alive in 1890. after the species was protected from hunting, its population grew to nearly 30,000 animals, but the large population possesses very low genetic variation. which of the following processes is the best interpretation of this scenario?
..d)evolution by the bottleneck effect
Which of the following is not an example of an abiotic component of an ecosystem?
..d)fungi
At which tupe of boundary do tectonic plates move sideways past each other?
..d)transform fault boundary
Roughly what percentage of incoming solar energy is converted into chemical energy by producers?
..e) 1
Which of the following inorganic substances is naturally occurring in rocks, soluble ground water, and toxic at low concentrations.
..e) Aresenic
In which of the following ways did the Green Revolution increase food production? I. The development of disease-resistant and high-yielding crop plants II. Monocropping and the widespread use of machinery III. the application of fertilizers and the use of irrigation techniques
..e) I, II, and III
irrigation can result in which of the following environmental problems? I. reduction of evaporation rates II. accumulation of salts in soil III. waterlogging of soil and plant roots
..e) II and III
Which of the following statements about total fertility rate is correct?
..e) TFR is the average number of children each woman will give birth to during her childbearing years
which of the following statements about patterns of temperature and precipitation is not correct?
..e) along earth's surface, the air of a hadley cell moves away from the equator
which of the following sequences of secondary succession would be likely to occur in abandoned farmland in the eastern united states
..e) bare rock, grasses and wildflowers, lichens, mosses, shrubs, coniferous trees
Which of the following statements about tundras and boreal forests is correct?
..e) boreal forests have larger dominant plant growth forms than tundras
Which of the following provisions is defined in the Safe Drinking Water Act
..e) establish maximum containment levels (MCLs) for specific substances in both surface water and ground water.
all of the following would be exclusively caused by anthropogenic activities except
..e) forest fires
which of the following allows more rapid evolution?
..e) high genetic variation
Human waste water results in which of the following water-pollution problems. i. The organic matter decomposes and reduces dissolved oxygen levels. ii. Decomposition of organic matter releases great quantites of nutrients. iii. Pathogenic organisms are carried into surface water.
..e) i, ii, and iii
In order to best achieve energy sustainability, humans must consider which of the following strategies. i. Building largest centralized power plants. ii. Improving energy efficiency. iii. Developing new energy technologies.
..e) ii and iii.
Which of the following pairs of indicators best reflects the availability of health care in a country?
..e) infant mortality rate and life expectancy
the national hurricane center studies the origins and intensities of hurricanes over the atlantic and pacific oceans and attempts to forecast their tracks, predict where they will make landfall, and assess what damage will result. its systems analysis involves-
..e) inputs, outputs, and changes within an open system
pure water has a pH of 7 because
..e) its H+ concentration is equal to its OH- concentration
which of the following statements about the industrial use of water is not correct?
..e) its use is becoming less efficient
In 2008, which of the following materials comprised the largest component of municipal solid waste
..e) paper
Small inputs of this substance, commonly a limiting factor in aquatic ecosystems, can result in algal blooms and dead zones.
..e) phosphorus
in the accompanying graph of the population growth of the common pheasant, one of the world's most hunted birds, X represents
..e) population overshoot
which of the following statements is not correct?
..e) speciation cannot occur without geographic isolation
In the last fifteen years, MSW per capita in the United States has
..e) stayed the same
The concentration of chemical exposure does not depend on
..e) the LD50 value of the chemical
The net primary productivity of an ecosystem is 1 kg C/m^2/year, and the energy needed by the producers for thier own respiration is 1.5 kg C/m^2/year. The gross primary productivity of such an ecosystem would be
..e)2.5 kg C/m^2/year
Which biogeochemical cycle(s) does not have a gaseous component?
..e)I and III only
the populations of some endangered animal species have stabilized or increased in numbers after human intervention. an example of a species that is still endangered and needs further assistance to recover is the-
..e)snow leopard
currently, most high-level radioactive waste from nuclear reactors in the united states is
..e)stored at the power plant that produced it
which of the following statements about the comprehensive everglades restoration plan is not correct?
..e)the Florida Everglades is a closed system that includes positive and negative feedback loops and is regulated as such
which of the following is the most fuel-efficient mode of transportation in terms of joules per passenger-kilometer?
.a) train
what percentage of earth's water is fresh water?
a) 3%
Which statement is incorrect regarding the genetic diversity of livestock?
a) The use of only the most productive breeds improves genetic diversity
for many years, forest fires were suppressed to protect lives and property. this policy has led to
a) a buildup of dead biomass that can fuel larger fires
The following is a summary report for the Distribution of Environmental Burdens for Alleghany County in Pennsylvania Population Number of facilities categories emitting criteria air pollutants per square mile minorities 11 whites 4.5 low-income families 8 high-income families 3.9 families below poverty 8.9 families above poverty 4.1 non-high school graduates 6.9 high school graduates 4.7 The information in this table is an example of
a) an environmental equity issue
it has been projected that aquaculture could supply about one-half the global demand for seafood by 2025. however, future production through aquaculture could be limited because
a) concentrated waste from aqauculture facilities contaminates rivers and oceans
concentrated animal feeding operations can best be described as
a) facilities where a large number of animals are housed and fed in a confined space
Full cost pricing by the internalization of externalities could result in which of the following?
a) higher prices and a reduction in the consumption of items with high negative impacts
All of the following are non-chemical forms of water pollution except
a) industrial waste
Which statement is true regarding human health risks
a) more people die from infectious diseases than from non-infectious diseases
Which greenhouse gas is not correctly paired with one of its resources?
a) nitrous oxide: landfills
Of the following, which contributes most to the weight of MSW
a) packaging
From an environmental waste perspective, which of the following is the most desirable
a) reduce
in the coniferous forests of oregon, eight species of woodpeckers coexist. four species select their nesting sites based on tree diameter. the fifth species nests only in fir trees that have been dead for at least 10 years. the sixth species also nests in fir trees, but only in live or recently dead trees. the two remaining species nest in pine trees, but each selects trees of different sizes. this pattern is an example of
a) resource partitioning
which of the following statements about soil is not correct?
a) soil always filters out pollutants that pass through it
Which statement correctly reflects the idea of a biosphere reserve?
a) sustainable agriculture and tourism are permitted in different zones.
Recently the Los Angeles Unified School District adopted a new policy on the use of pesticides in schools. The policy assumes that the use of pesticides constitutes a risk to the health of children and the environment. Pesticides will be employed only after nonchemical methods have been explored. The pest control measure that is the least harmful will be implemented. This is an example of
a) the precautionary principle
Which of the following activities causes a cooling of Earth?
a) volcanic eruptions
Which of the following US laws contributes to sustainability by governing the tracking and disposal of solid and hazardous waste?
b) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
The passage of water-pollution legislation is most likely to occur when
b) a developed country has experiences industrialization and can afford the control measure demanded by its citizens
an energy-efficient building might include all of the following except:
b) a green roof
Which statement is correct regarding swapping debt for nature?
b) developing countries can pay part of their debt by investing in their own environment
Which is an example of a single-species approach to conservation i. the Endangered Species Act ii. The Marine Mammal Protection Act iii. The Biosphere Reserve
b) i and ii
The effects of acid deposition includes all of the following except
b) increased numbers of salamanders in ponds and streams
All of the following are examples of negative externalities except?
b) increased pollination rates of surrounding crop plants as a result of local beekeeping
Cradle-to-cradle and cradle-to-grave analysis of manufactured good can best be described as the study of the
b) life cycle of a product from its production to use to ultimate disposal
All of the following are problems that results from the use of pesticides except
b) pesticide runoff enters surface waters and increases the solubility of heavy metals.
Which statement is not correct
b) risk assessment does not include social, political, and economic considerations
which of the following does not explain the rise of the modern farming system?
b) small farms are usually more profitable than large farms
Which statement about global biodiversity is correct?
b) species diversity is decreasing and genetic diversity is decreasing
Which statement regarding the decreased levels of stratospheric ozone is correct.
b) the largest decrease in the level of stratospheric ozone over the Arctic region occurs between January and April
It is important to keep household batteries out of landfills because of all of the following except
b) their decomposition can contribute to greenhouse gas emissions
which of the following statements about tropical biomes is correct?
b) tropical rainforests have the highest precipitation due to the proximity of the ITCZ
The accumulation of tropospheric ozone at night depends mainly upon the atmospheric concentration of
b) volatile organics
Under natural conditions the pH of rainfall is closest too
c) 5.6
the soil horizon commonly known as subsoil is
c) B horizon
Which of the following best describes US energy use.
c) Electricity generation is the largest end use of energy in the US.
A country with an age structure diagram like the one below is most likely experiencing
c) a short doubling time
the primary sources of renewable energy in the united states are
c) biomass and hydroelectricity
The genuine progress indicator is a more representative measure of the wealth and well-being of a country than the gross domestic product because the GPI
c) includes resource depletion and pollution and health of the population in its calculation
Harmful effects of poverty include which of the following?
c) increased overuse of the land
Which statement about feedback loops that occur with climate change is true?
c) increased soil decomposition under warmer temperatures represents a positive feedback loop
which of the following statements best describes the pesticide treadmill?
c) some pest populations evolve resistance to pesticides, which become less effective over time, so that new pesticides must be developed
Which statement regarding the Kyoto Protocol is true?
c) the developed nations agreed to different levels of emission reduction
Which statement about global warming is true?
c) the planet has had many periods of warming and cooling in the past
in 1969, M.King Hubbert published a graph known as the Hubbert curve. This graph shows
c) the point at which world oil production will reach a maximum and the point at which we will run out of oil
Which statement is incorrect about invasive alien species?
c) they are often competitively inferior
which of the following sources of energy is not solar-based?
c) tides
a radioactive isotope has a half-life of 40 years and a radioactivity level of 4 curies. how many years will it take for the radioactivity level to become 0.25 curies?
c)160
when we purchase an item, we are charged for the labor and supply costs of producing that item. however, we are not charged for the costs of any environmental damage that occurred in manufacturing that item. those costs are known as
c)the maximum sustainable yield
The EPA estimates that approximately __ percent of municipal solid waste comes from residences and ___ percent comes from commercial and institutional facilities
d) 60:40
Which of the following statements best describes the sources of energy in U.S. energy consumption patterns?
d) Fossil fuels continue to be the major energy source for all sectors.
Which of the following statements best describes the role of renewable energy in the United States.
d) Its largest contribution is to the electricity generation sector.
The type(s) of ultraviolet radiation most strongly absorbed by ozone in the stratosphere is /r
d) UV-B and UV-C
United Nations organizations that relate to the environment include which of the following?
d) World Health Organization (WHO)
Which principle of island biogeography is incorrectly applied to protecting areas of land or water?
d) a larger protected area will have fewer habitats
Which statement is true regarding the relationship between health risks and income
d) a major risk in low-income countries is a lack of food
The table below represents the number of individuals of different species that were counted in three forest communities. Which of the following statements best interprets these data?
d) community C has greater species richness than community A
Which of the following species was historically overharvested?
d) dodo bird
The greatest emission of sulfur dioxide comes from
d) electricity generation
In regard to the greenhouse effect, which statement is not true?
d) greenhouse gases were not historically present in the atmosphere
the use of synthetic fertilizers increases crop yields, but also
d) increases nutrient runoff into bordering surface waters
A thermal inversion...
d) occurs when a warm air layer overlies a cooler layer
Which predicted consequence of global warming has not yet occurred?
d) shutting down the thermohaline circulation of the ocean
Valuation, according to environmental and ecological economics, would include all of the following except?
d) the profits realized from hiring more employees to increase production
critics of using genetically modified organisms as food crops warn of which of the following dangers? I. introduction of new allergens into the food supply II. loss of genetic diversity in food crops III. decreases in food production worldwide
d)I and II
farmers who practice organic agriculture have less of an impact on the environment than farmers who practice industrial agriculture than farmers who practice industrial agriculture because they
d)avoid pesticides and synthetic fertilizers
In 2010, the population of earth was about ____ billion, with about ___ billion living in china
e) 6.8, 1.3
The legislation that imposes a tax on the chemical and petroleum industries to generate funds to pay for the clean up of hazardous substances is
e) CERCLA
which of the following statements regarding petroleum is correct?
e) II and III
the date presented below, compiled by the FAO described world fish production from 1950- 2003. Based on these data, which of the following statements best describes the global trend in fish production?
e) as the human population continues to increase, per capita farmed fish production also continues to increase
Strategies to implement environmental laws and regulations include all of the following except
e) banning the cap-and-trade practice
Which statement about historical infectious diseases is not true
e) historically important infectious diseases no longer pose a health risk.
Based on the supply and demand curve below, which of the following can be inferred? i. a lower price results in a greater demand ii. a higher price results in greater supply iii. price changes as supply and demand fluctuate
e) i, ii, and iii
Of the following factors, which ones are important when considering the effect of a greenhouse gas on global warming? i. How much infrared radiation the gas can absorb ii. how long the gas remains in the atmosphere iii. the concentration of the gas in the atmosphere
e) i, ii, and iii
The United Nations Millennium Declaration proposes to meet which of the following goals by 2015? i. reduce environmental sustainability through economic development ii eliminate extreme poverty and hunger and reduce child mortality iii empower women and improve maternal health
e) ii and iii
a study of small wind turbines in the nertherlands tested the energy output of several models. the results for two models are shown in the graphs that follow. which of the following statements can be inferred form these data?
e) model 1 is more cost- effective
which of the following statements about dams is not correct?
e) most dams are built to generate electricity
measured on the Richter scale, an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.0 is ____ times greater than an earthquake with a magnitude of 2.0
e)100,000
Which group of animals is declining in species diversity around the world? I. fish and amphibians ii. birds and reptiles iii. mammals
e)I,II,III
Which is a cause of declining global biodiversity? i. pollution ii. habitat loss iii. overharvesting
e)I,II,III
which term refers to the point on earth's surface directly above an earthquake?
e)epicenter
Economic assets are the sum total of which of the following? i. natural capital ii. human capital iii manufactured capital
e)i,ii, and iii
Which sources of data have been used to assess changes in CO2 and temperature? i. air bubbles in ice cores from glaciers ii. thermometers placed around the globe iii. CO2 sensors placed around the globe
e)i,ii,and iii
Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?
e)nitrogen
the four major public land management agencies in the the untied states operate under the principle of multiple use. which of the following uses is common to all four agencies' lands?
e)recreation
Which type of mining is usually most directly harmful to miners?
e)subsurface mining
fossil records are found in
e.) sedimentary rock