APES Final Exam MC
The infant mortality rate and child mortality are are defined as the number of deaths per 1,000 live births for children under _____ and _____ of age, respectively.
1 year; 5 years
According to the environmental defense fund, which of the following fish are the best choices for sustainability? 1. Wild Alaskan Salmon 2. Chilean Sea Bass 3. Farmed Rainbow Trout
1. and 3.
Irrigation is an extremely effective way to boost crop production. So much that it is estimated that the ___% of lands that are irrigated produce ____% of the world's food
16, 40
The damage an earthquake causes is predicted by 1. the magnitude of the Richter scale 2. the proximity to the epicenter to densely populated areas 3. the quality of building construction close to the earthquake zone
2 and 3
Freshwater accounts for _____ percent of total water in the world
3%
Global life expectancy is around _____, ranging from about ____ in the US and Western Europe to ____ in many sub-saraharan and African countries.
68, 78, below 50
On the pH scale, ___ is neutral
7
Human population today is closest to
7 billion
Which of these describes an effective means that prey species may use to evade predators? mimicry warning coloration chemical secretions camouflage all of the above
All of the above
A country's impact on the environment is influenced by 1. Population 2. Technology 3. Affluence
All of the listed, 1, 2, and 3.
Ores may form When igneous rock is deposited as a precipitate when magma comes into contact with water in veins as a result of physical separation from other materials All of these answers are correct
All of these answers are correct
National Wildlife refuges are managed primarily for the purpose of protecting wildlife. They are usually managed by
FWS
Individual Transferable Quotas in fisheries management are similar to cap and trade quotas in pollution management. Which of the following is NOT true of ITQs?
ITQs show favor to those who have long term histories in the fishery
Integrated Pest Management is likely to use all of the following techniques EXCEPT - crop rotation - intercropping - planting herbicide resistant crops - habitat creation for pest predators - increased use of traditional pesticides
Increased use of traditional pesticides
Land value can generally be quantified in terms of dollars. One notable exception is
Intrinsic Value
A laboratory experiment followed the growth of a flour beetle (Tribolium sp.) population over time. At first, the population increased dramatically, but later growth slowed and the population size leveled off. While food (the wheat flour in which they live) was abundant, it was noticed that flour beetles resorted to eating their own eggs when densities got high. What can we conclude about cannibalism in this species?
It serves as a density-dependent means of population control.
The concept of ecological footprint is measured in terms of the amount of
Land area
Transit Oriented Development that seeks to move away from current transportation trends would likely include all of thew following except
Multiple parking lots in high density developments
_____ succession beings on bare rock after glaciers have passed, or on newly formed volcanic islands
Primary
Which BEST describes the reason for the very rapid growth of the human population in the last 8,000 years?
Technology has allowed the species to overcome some environmental resistance
Under which of the following conditions would a population grow?
The birth rates exceeds the death rate and there is no immigration or emigration.
A country has a TFR of 1.6 (which is below the replacement rate), yet its population continues to grow. What is one likely explanation for the deviation from the norm.
The net immigration is high enough to overcome TFR.
a particular country has a TFR equal to the replacement level fertility and emigration equal to immigration. Which of the following must be true?
The population MUST be stable
the following are characteristics of confined aquifers
They are surrounded by layers of impermeable rock AND they may contain water that is 10-20,000 years old
a management system that includes prescribed brush will likely lead to
a decrease in the likelihood of uncontrolled natural fires AND an increase in a fire-dependent species
Energy conservation by living things is
a fundamental component of all environmental systems
Although an oyster may produce millions of offspring in a year, they have a controlled rate of growth because of the short reproductive life span the high death rate of organisms competition for space competition for food all of the above
all of the above
The agricultural revolution led to an increase in the human population because it provided humans with larger food supply provided humans with a more dependable food supply further increased the Earth's carrying capacity for humans resulted in a longer life span and more childbearing years all of the above
all of the above
Volcanoes may be found at or near plate boundaries where ____ is happening subduction divergence convergence seafloor spreading all of these answers are correct
all of these answers are correct
the function(s) of soil is/are the following filter of water and atmospheric chemical compounds habitat for organisms anchor for plants location for recycling all of these answers are correct
all of these answers are correct
Which areas of the world are most susceptible to desertification?
areas adjacent to existing deserts
The surface tension of water results from the
cohesion of water molecules below the surface
two species that have a high degree of niche overlap will
compete intensely
An experiment uses two groups of mice with 20 individuals in each group. Both groups are fed the same amount of water and food every day. They are kept in similar cages in a climate-controlled room. The experimental group is given five doses of a pesticide every day. After two months, the amount of an enzyme in the brains of the mice was measured. Use Passage 1-2. The group of mice not exposed to the pesticide is called the
control
The action that can reduce the ecological footprint of people in the highly developed world to levels that are sustainable is
eating more fish shopping only in stores that use organic cotton traveling to the developing world None of these actions alone will result in a sustainable level of consumption (CORRECT)
Malthus noted that human population growth was ____ , while food supply was ______
exponential, linear
In an aquifer
groundwater is found in spaces between sediments and rock layers
More than half of the total ecological footprint of the US comes from
industrial production of goods from raw materials
Historically, _______ has/have kept the world population out of food deficit.
innovations in agricultural practices
In a steady state
input equals output AND the amount of energy is NOT increasing The answer to this question is "Both b and d"
the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of water
is greater in relation to the energy to change the temperature of most other substances AND is responsible for more moderate seasonal temperature swings in areas close to large bodies of water answer: Both A and D
inductive reasoning
is the process of making general statements from specific facts
Controlled experiments in nature are difficult because
large amounts of land are sometimes required to produce natural conditions
A geologist finds a substance with uniform crystalline structure and composition throughout. In the lab its determined the substance consists of more than one element. The term that properly identifies the substance is
mineral
Soils that develop from granitic rock tend to be
more permeable
Natural experiments can be done when a
natural event changes an ecosystem volcanic eruption destroys a forest fire sweeps through a prairie tornado uproots a section of a forest All of these answers are correct (CORRECT)
A phenomenon which has been rigorously tested and to which there are no known exceptions is called a(n)
natural law
Extinctions of species can be the result of
natural systems changing introduction of invasive species systems that are not in a steady state human inputs All of these answers are correct (CORRECT)
Many sub-Saharan tribesmen of Africa regularly use the blood, milk, and fur of their livestock, without killing them. Based on this information alone we might classify this relationship as ____. However, the cattle actually derive an overall benefit because the herdsman also protect them from predators and help them find water and food. Therefore, this relationship should instead be classified as ____.
parasitism, mutualism
If similar species each occupy a smaller niche when they live together than they would if they lived alone then they are said to be
partitioning resources
When all vegetation is removed from a site by human activity or by natural forces such as volcanic activity, _____ species are the first to colonize this site
pioneer
An example of a positive externality would be
pollution removal from a natural wetland
Rabbits were introduced to Australia about 100 years ago for the purpose of hunting. They have been multiplying, eating up the native vegetation, and destroying the native habitat of other small animals, ever since. In the 1950's, in order to control the rabbit population, government scientists released the myxomatosis virus. This virus, which dramatically reduced the rabbit population, is an example of
predator
Soil drains most rapidly when it's made up of
primarily sand
A hypothesis is different from a belief because it is
testable
Most energy on Earth comes from
the Sun
Which of the following is a density-independent event that could limit the size of a population?
the accidental spill of a pesticide that causes the population to decrease
Mono Lake is a terminal lake, which means that
water enters the lake through streams and leaves the lake through evaporation
The difference between weathering and erosion is that
weathering refers to the breakdown of rock; erosion refers to the removal of rock from it's landscape
