Apes unit 0
1.588×10−1
0.1588
5.401×10−1
0.5401
What are the 3 goals of environmental science?
1. Learn how life on earth has survived and thrived 2. Understand how we interact with the environment 3. Find ways to deal with environmental problems and live more sustainably
19 hundred-thousandths
1.9×10−4
what are 5 major causes?
1.population growth 2.wasteful and sustainable resource use 3.poverty 4.failure to include harmful costs of goods and services in their market prices 5.Increasing isolation from nature
1.304x10^7
13,040,000
Some owls maintain territories of up to 3 acres. How many owls could live in a large wooded area of 20 hectares? (1 hectare=1 sq. dekameters= 100 m^2=2.47 acres)
16 owls
0.0002077
2.077×10−4
Anastasia is grocery shopping with her father and wonders how much shopping is left to do. "We already have 60, percent of the items on our list," her father says. Anastasia sees 12 items in the cart. How many items are on the list?
20 items
If the recommended daily allowance (RDA) for vitamin C is 60 mg per day and there are 70 mg of a vitamin C per 100 g of orange, how many 3.0 OZ oranges would you have to eat each week to meet this requirement?
3.5x10^8 oranges
How many hours are in 2 weeks?
336 hours
Darius buys a bottle of a chemical solution that contains 70, percent alcohol. The bottle contains 500 milliliters of solution. How many milliliters of alcohol are in the solution?
350 millilitres
How many cubic feet are there in a room measuring 5m x 10m x 2m?
3531.47 ft3
Esteban has a big jar of change in his room. He has 600 coins total, and 240 of them are pennies. What percentage of the coins are pennies?
40, percent of the coins are pennies.
Which is greater: 45 kg or 4500 g?
45 kg
Which is greater: 45 miles or 63 km?
45 miles (72.4 km)
How many grams are in 100 pounds?
45359.2 grams
52 thousandths
5.2x10^-2
In Europe gasoline is sold by the liter. Assume it takes 14 gallons of gasoline to fill the tank of a compact car. How many liters of gasoline will it take? (1 gal=3.7854 L)
53 liters
0.0008235
8.235x10^-4
Although the population current is 7.1 billion what is it estimated to be in 2050?
9.6 billion
What is a theory?
A hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested and confirmed by multiple groups of researchers and is usually accepted
What is a non-renewable resource?
A resource that cannot replenish in the time needed.
What is point source pollution?
A specific source of pollution that can be identified *You can point to it
What are some less developed countries and how do they use their resources?
Africa, Asia, and Latin America and they use their resources out of necessity
What is qualitative data?
Appeals to the 5 senses. Color, Oder, sound
What are pollutants?
Chemicals, often produced by human actions (burning fossil fuels, cars and power stations), which can be harmful to both humans and the environment.
Recreation and ecotourism are what type of service?
Cultural
what is a dependent variable?
Dependent Variable - changes in response to the change in the manipulated variable Ex: The height of the plant. y-axis
What are some examples of a non-renewable resource?
Energy (oil and coal) Metallic mineral resources (copper and aluminum) Nonmetallic mineral resources (salt and sand)
What has been happening to the human population?
Exponential growth meaning the human population is always increasing. this occurs when a quantity such as the human population increases at a fixed percentage per unit of time.
What are some examples of sustainability?
Fixing things when broken instead of buying new things and throwing out the broken one, up cycling, Thrifting clothes
What are examples of renewable resources?
Forests and Grasslands Fishes Fertile topsoil Clean air Freshwater
Who is Garret Hardin?
He came up with the idea of tragedy of the commons
What is the definition of bio-capacity?
How fast the earth can absorb waste and generate resources
What dose IPAT stand for and how do they apply to the real world?
I=Impact (influenced by population, affluence, and technology) P=population (the more population the more the impact. there is a higher population in LDC) A=affluence (wealth) (resource consumption to more consumed the more waste) T=technology (can be good or bad. phones are bad because we have to mine for the materials but windmill power is good technology)
Explain wasteful and unsustainable resource use
In LDC the people have time and the need to fix broken things instead of buying new ones while in MDC when things break people throw it away and then buy new ones causing a spike in waste
Who founded the IPAT model and when?
In the 1970's Ehrlich and Holdren created the IPAT model
What is inductive reasoning?
Inductive Reasoning •Process of making general statements from facts or examples Ex: My neighbor's cat hisses at me daily. At the pet store, all the cats hiss at me. Therefore, all cats probably hate me.
difference between inductive and deductive reasoning
Inductive-specific to general Deductive-general to specific
What is the acronym for unit conversions?
King Henry Died by drinking chocolate milk
Explain population growth
LDC have a lack of education for women and limited access to birth control and has to do with cultural beliefs as well that lead to population growth.
What does MDC and LDC stand for?
MDC- more developed country LDC- less developed country
What was the industrial/medical revolution?
Made around the 1950's so we could mass produce things. We are going to see population increase because more things for more people and because there is more consumption there is more waste causing a spike in pollution.
What is a cultural service?
Non-material benefits people receive from the ecosystem
What is quantitative data?
Numerical value. Amounts or units
What is a renewable resource?
One that can be replenished as it is used.
Explain poverty
People who are in poverty cut down trees because they need wood to survive and need it for things like fire and shelter, but when trees are cut down it takes away the shade the trees provide. When there is no shade the sun drys up the soil so it erodes and only grasses and shrubs grow there so they are very malnourished because food can't grow and often have lung problems because they ingest the dry eroded particles of soil. Since there is no plumbing human and animal waste runs off into nearby rivers which makes the river have bacteria and when they drink this water they get sick.
What is the term used for and average footprint of an individual in a given country or area?
Per capita ecological footprint usually measured in hectare
What is the formula for percent change?
Percent change= new value-old value/old value x 100
What is a hypothesis and what type of statement do you use to form one?
Probable or plausible explanation If then statments
What is deductive reasoning?
Process of applying a general statement to facts or situations Ex: All students eat pizza. Jake is a student at UGA. Therefore, Jake eats pizza.
Food, medicine, and wood are what type of service?
Provisioning
Water purification and pollination are what type of service?
Regulating
What is a provisioning service?
Service that provides basic human needs
What is a regulating service?
Services that regulate the ecosystem and are often invisible. If hurt it can be detrimental.
What are some examples of a point source?
Smoke stack, industrial plant
What are some examples of inexhaustible resources?
Sun and wind
Genetic diversity, habitats, water formation, photosynthesis and nutrient cycling are what type of service?
Supporting
What are the names of the ecosystem services?
Supporting, provisioning, regulating, and cultural
What does WWF stand for and what did they do?
The WWF of the world wildlife fund was made in 2012 and they estimated that the US is responsible for almost half of the global ecological footprint
What is the definition of sustainability?
The capacity of the earths natural systems and human cultural system to survive, flourish, and adapt to the changing environmental conditions.
What is the definition of pollution?
The contamination of the environment by chemical or other agents such as noise, heat to a level that is harmful to health, survival, or activities of humans or other organisms
What is an experimental group or trial?
The group that receives the treatment in an experiment. Ex: Group A receives a new and improved fertilizer formula.
Why is the human population able to grow so fast?
The human population grows so fast by slowing down the population rate of other organisms. we cut down trees which are there homes to make room for our homes and our ever growing population.
explain increasing isolation from nature
The idea of out of sight out of mind. If you don't see an ecosystem services in action like if you live in a big city then you don't feel the need to protect them.
What is an example of light pollution?
The lights in the city are so bright that you can't see the stars.
what is ecology?
The study of interactions between organisms and their environment (just living things, not living and non living. don't get this confused with environmental science)
Who has the biggest ecological footprint?
The united states
you bought 3 gallons of milk at the grocery store. How many pints of milk did you purchase? How many gallons are in 16 pints of milk?
There are 2 gallons in 16 pints of milk.
Mrs. Conley asks her class what kind of party they want to have to celebrate their excellent behavior. Out of all the students in the class, 5 want an ice cream party, 7 want a movie party, 10 want a costume party, and the rest are undecided. If 20, percent want an ice cream party, how many students are in the class?
There are 25 students in the class.
What is inexhaustible resources?
These resources are used for producing power because they are unlimited in quantity.
What is the definition of poverty?
Those unable to fulfill their basic needs
what is an example of heat pollution?
Water used for cooling in a nearby power plant runs into a nearby river ruining the rivers ecosystem
What is the sustainability revolution?
We realize the damage we've done to the earth and are trying to fix the pollution like for example electric cars
What is a natural law?
When a theory has been tested multiple times and there are no known exceptions *Not used a lot in APES
What is the tragedy of the commons?
When someone sacrifices the good of the group for individual benefit. *must be a common resource
What does living unsustainable lead to?
When the population grows more resources are used and this creates more waste and causes depletion.
What is an example of tragedy of the commons?
When there is free access to a fishing ground, the stock of fish will be depleted When everyone bought more toilet paper than they needed so people who actually needed it couldn't buy it.
Failure to include harmful costs of goods and services and services in their market prices
a $4.99 radio is very cheap for the price that many workers and people actually pay to put all of the materials together and get it to that location. People sacrifice healthcare, take extremely low pay, work long hours to get that radio to the place that it is being sold.
What is the IPAT model?
a model showing how tech, affluence (wealth), and population size to determine environmental impact.
What is a control variable or constant?
a variable that must remain constant (unchanged) in each trial of an experiment Ex: amount of water, amount of fertilizer, type of plant used, etc.
Convert the following measurements into m.a. 280 cmb. 56100 mmc. 3.7 km
a. 2.8 m b. 56.1 m c. 3700 m
Convert the following measurements into mL.a. 0.75 litersb. 3.2 x 10^4 μLc. 0.5 m^3
a. 750 mL b. 32 mL c. 5 x 105 mL
What is an ecological footprint?
amount of land and water necessary to produce and maintain enough food, water, shelter, energy, and waste for a person or an area
What is accuracy?
how close a measured value is to its true value
What is precision?
how close a repeated measurement is to one another
What is uncertainty?
how much the value differs from the true value
What will happen if we hit the carrying capacity of people?
people will have to die
What is non-point source pollution?
pollution that comes from many sources it is dispersed and difficult to identify *you can't point to it or can't trace were it came from
What is replication?
repeating measurement many times Rule of thumb is 3 trials
What is a supporting service?
services that support all of the other services and keep them going.
What are the characteristics of being isolated from nature?
shift from rural to urban areas increase in use of cellphones, computers, technology in general makes us more removed from the natural world lack of awareness of where resources came from lack of awareness about waste a pollutants again the idea of out of sight out of mind
What is a control group or trial?
the group that does not receive the treatment - standard for comparison. Ex: Group B does not receive the fertilizer.
What is natural capital?
the natural resources and natural (ecosystem) services that keep us and other species alive and support human economies *Remember natural capital=Natural resources and ecosystem services
What is a sample size?
the number of times a measurement is repeated
What is environmental science?
the study of the impact of humans on the environment living and non living things
What is environmentalism?
the study of the impact of humans on the environment living and non living things with politics and ethics. (Don't get this confused with environmental science or ecology)
What is an independent variable?
the variable that is purposely changed (manipulated) Ex: The fertilizer applied to the plant X- axis
What are some more developed countries and how do they use their resources?
united states, Canada, Australia, Japan, most European countries and they use their resources more out of greed than anything.
