APES Unit 2 Test

Endangered Species Act

Contains an amendment that allows private landowners to modify their property under a habitat conservation plan

Which of the following is not a strategy for reducing the threat of climate change?

Continue with current practices

The graph shows average CO2 concentrations during each season for two countries from 2009 to 2010. Based only on the information in the graph, which statement best explains what the graph shows?

Country B experiences higher levels of spring and summer primary production

Which of the following would most likely reduce the concentration of ground level ozone in the air of the city?

Decrease in the emissions of nitrogen oxides

All of the following statements about the ozone layer is true EXCEPT for one?

It doesn't protect us from the UV rays of the sun

Which of the following represents the greatest contribution of methane emission to the atmosphere?

Landfills

Was once widely used in the United States as a gasoline additive, found in old plumbing pipes and some ceramic glazes.

Lead

Which of the following is considered a Biological Indicators of air pollution?

Lichens

The presence of which of the following in soil is most likely to neutralize acid rain?

Limestone (calcium carbonate)

Poses a health risk to humans who eat large quantities of marine fish such as swordfish and tuna.

Mercury

Refer to the diagram below, which depicts the concentrations of various gases in the air over a city on a typical smoggy day. Which of the following best explains the pattern in NO concentration?

NO is produced by rush hour traffic and is quickly oxidized in the atmosphere

A gaseous decay product of uranium that is found in rocks

Radon

A leading cause of lung cancer in the United States

Radon

National Environmental Policy Act

Requires the federal government to produce an environmental impact statement for any construction project funded by the government

Governments can use four of the following methods to promote solutions to the climate change crisis. Which of the following is NOT one of those methods?

Shift the production of electricity to developing countries

Which of the following is true about the Clean Air Act Amendment of 1990?

They allowed power plants to buy and sell (cap and trade program) SO2 pollution allowances

The oceans absorb between 25%-30% of the CO2, called carbon sink in the lower atmosphere. As the oceans heat up, this absorption

decreases

Human health depends on having

enough ozone in the stratosphere and little ozone in the troposphere

Human inputs of outdoor air pollutants occur mostly

in urban areas

The three main anthropogenic sources of gaseous air pollutants in the United States are

industry, transportation, and energy production

Respiratory illnesses in developing countries are most likely to be caused by

particulate matter

Harmful chemicals emitted directly into the air from natural processes and human activities are called

primary pollutants

One of the reasons the vortex winds in the Antarctic are important in the formation of the hole in the ozone layer is

they prevent warm, ozone rich air from mixing with cold, ozone-depleted air

The correct sequence of layers of the atmosphere from innermost to outermost is

troposphere-stratosphere-mesosphere-thermosphere

Which of the following is an important contributor to both global warming and ozone depletion?

A release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) to the atmosphere

Increased atmospheric CO2 concentration over the next 50 years is expected to cause which of the following global changes?

A significant loss of biodiversity in the tropics

Which of the following is a strategy for reducing the effects of acid rain?

Adding calcium carbonate (limestone) to soils

Atmospheric brown cloud results from a combination of I. primary and secondary pollutants II PM2.5 and O3 III volatile organic compounds and O3

I and II

Over the past 1 million years of Earth's history, the average trend in Earth's temperature would best be described as

a number of fluctuations varying by a few degrees

Emitted from most manufactured homes, trailers and furniture

formaldehyde

Particulate matter can increase global warming by

lowering surface albedo

Sick Building Syndrome is linked to all of the following, except

lung cancer

Ground level ozone in most major United States cities results primarily from

motor-vehicle exhaust

What is the most common gas in the Earth's atmosphere?

nitrogen

Montreal Protocol

Addressed the issue of stratospheric ozone depletion

Former Vice President ________________ shared the Nobel Peace Prize with the IPCC for alerting the world to the reality and dangers of global warming.

Al Gore

Coal and heavy oil are burned in large boilers with reasonably good pollution control or with tall smokestacks. What area receives the air pollution from smokestacks?

Area downwind from the smokestack

Which country has the world's highest levels of industrial smog because of its heavy reliance on coal?

China

Global warming is most likely to directly cause which of the following?

Coastal flooding and submersion of low-lying area

Which of the following would be the most likely effect of acid deposition on a northern forest?

Decreased ability of trees to withstand cold weather

Which of the following human activities is most closely associated with depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer?

Disposal of refrigerators and air conditioners

Researchers have found that over the last twenty years there are fewer native plants in the alpine meadows of the Rocky Mountains east of Salt Lake City and that the abundance of two species of invasive grasses has increased. Which of the following questions is most appropriate to ask when investigating the cause of the change in the alpine meadows?

Has an increase in soil nitrates from air pollution allowed the invasive grasses to outcompete the native plants?

Recent studies have found that fine particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5µm or less can have negative human health effects. Which of the following correctly links a negative human health effect to an anthropogenic source of fine particulate matter?

High rates of respiratory disease from power plant emissions

Which data are used to estimate historic temperatures and carbon dioxide concentrations? I. Air bubbles in ice cores from glaciers II. Thermometers placed around the globe III. CO2 sensors placed around the globe

I, II, and III

Prevention approaches to global warming include all of the following, EXCEPT

Increase beef production to strengthen public health

Which of the following describes a potential human health effect most likely to be associated with a thermal inversion?

Increase in respiratory irritation due to increased levels of fine airborne particulates

Which of the following scenarios is NOT likely to result from increased temperatures in the Arctic?

Increased melting of sea ice decreases the sea level and leads to more arable land area that can be farmed

Which of the following statements about the potential effects of global warming is FALSE?

Insect-borne diseases are likely to decrease in today's temperature zones

What important phenomenon that often plays a role in air pollution episodes is illustrated in the diagram below?

Inversion

Which of the following best explains why it is predicted that ozone depletion over the poles will be at its worst between 2010 and 2019?

Ozone-depleting chemicals produced before their use was banned will take long to reach peak concentration in the stratosphere

Which pollutant best illustrates the effectiveness of legislation?

Pb (lead)

Of the following, which is true of noise pollution?

Sudden or persistent noise may lead to permanent hearing loss

Refer to the diagram below, which depicts the concentrations of various gases in the air over a city on a typical smoggy day. If technology that reduces the hydrocarbon concentration had been utilized, which of the following would have been the most likely result?

The concentration of O3 would have been lower

Which of the following is true about the region of Earth's atmosphere known as the stratosphere?

The highest concentration of naturally occurring ozone forms in this layer

Composed of fibers known to cause lung disease

asbestos