APES unit 7
Based on the data from the graph, which of the following indicates how much more effective oxygen transport is at the 20 percent carbon monoxide level than the 60 percent carbon monoxide level?
1.9 times more effective
The average vehicle releases 1.39 grams of NOx per mile driven. If a vehicle is driven 22,000 miles per year for 15 years, how much NOx does that vehicle release?
458,700 grams
Which of the following would most likely neutralize the effect of acid rain on bodies of water, based on the composition of soils and bedrock in the region?
A forest underlain by limestone
Which of the following best describes a potential unintended negative consequence of implementing measures to control acid deposition?
A reduction in sulfur for crops as a result of less acidic rainfall, leading to an increased need for sulfur supplements
Which of the following locations would most likely receive acid deposition?
A town downwind from a coal-fired power plant
Which of the following is a problem that is associated with a thermal inversion?
An increase in pollutants trapped at Earth's surface, which increases the number of cases of human respiratory problems
A community located downwind from a coal-fired power plant has seen a recent increase in the number of dead and dying trees. A soil scientist measured values for the following parameters before and after the trees died off. Which of the following soil data should be used to determine if the coal-fired power plant emissions were the cause of the damage to the trees?
Calcium and aluminum levels
Which of the following is a primary air pollutant produced from burning coal?
Carbon Monoxide
Which of the following best describes a natural process that adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?
Carbon dioxide is released from the interior of Earth during volcanic eruptions.
Catalytic converters reduce which of the following pairs of pollutants in car exhaust?
Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the investigation?
Carbon monoxide impairs the transport of oxygen in the Bloodstream.
Increased use of which of the following technologies would cause the greatest reduction in the primary source of photochemical smog?
Catalytic Converter
Which energy source is primarily responsible for acid rain in the northeast United States?
Coal
Industrial scrubbers and electrostatic precipitators collect enormous amounts of particulate matter (coal ash) at coalburning power plants. Which of the following best describes an environmental disadvantage of using industrial scrubbers and electrostatic precipitators for pollution abatement?
Coal ash contains toxic levels of several different pollutants, so when it is collected and stored long-term in coal ash ponds, there is increased risk of exposure to toxic metals.
Which of the following is a natural source of atmospheric carbon dioxide?
Decomposition of organic matter
Which of the following would most likely reduce the concentration of ground-level ozone in the air of a city?
Decrease in the emissions of nitrogen oxides
Which of the following energy sources produces the most air pollutants when used during the generation of electricity?
Fuel Oil
Recent studies have found that fine particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 um or less can have negative human health effects. Which of the following correctly links a negative human health effect to an anthropogenic source of fine particulate matter?
High rates of respiratory disease from power plant emissions
Which of the following is a human health impact associated with exposure to radon gas inside homes or other buildings?
Increased incidence of lung cancer
Which of the following is an example of an external cost?
Individuals pay for medical treatment of lung disease aggravated by pollution from a coal- fired power plant.
Which of the following best describes one way the Clean Air Act helped reduce air pollution?
Introduced regulatory measures to control the amount of lead in fuels
What important phenomenon that often plays a role in air pollution episodes is illustrated in the diagram above?
Inversion
Was once widely used in the United States as a gasoline additive
Lead
Which of the following best explains the pattern in NO concentration?
NO is produced by rush-hour traffic and is quickly oxidized in the atmosphere
Which of the following illustrates the reactants needed to form tropospheric ozone?
NO2+ VOCs+O2 + sunlight
In addition to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which of the following components must be present in the atmosphere to create photochemical smog?
NOx and UV light
Which of the following is a chemical compound that leads to formation of photochemical smog in the troposphere when it reacts with other compounds in the presence of sunlight?
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Which of the following correctly pairs a greenhouse gas with its primary anthropogenic source?
Nitrous oxide and agricultural practices
Which of the following modifications would improve the validity of the investigation?
Perform the experiment on a larger sample size of mice
Which of the following statements best describes photochemical smog in large cities in the United States?
Photochemical smog causes negative human health impacts such as eye and lung irritation
Which of the following environmental problems is most often linked to the combustion of fossil fuels?
Photochemical smog formation in the troposphere
A gaseous decay product of uranium that is found in rocks
Radon
A leading cause of lung cancer in the United States
Radon
Which of the following air pollutants is correctly paired with one of its major effects?
Sulfur oxides .... acid deposition
If technology that reduces the hydrocarbon concentration had been utilized, which of the following would have been the most likely result?
The concentration of Og would have been lower.
Bats use echolocation to find prey by emitting high-pitched bursts of sound and analyzing the reflection. Scientists studying a population of bats in a forest observed that their population size had declined in the years following the completion of a nearby highway. Based on the information above, which of the following best explains how noise pollution from the highway has affected the size of the bat population?
The highway noise is interfering with bats' echolocation, preventing them from successfully locating and catching prey as they fly.
Which of the following contributes to global climate change through the direct release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere?
Transporting products from one continent to another on a cargo ship
Which of the following negative consequences is most often associated with using biomass for energy production?
Using biomass for energy production can result in local deforestation.
Which of the following is used to reduce SO2 emissions from coal-burning power plants?
Wet-scrubber units
The danger from radon gas would most likely be greatest in
well-insulated homes