APHG - Chapters 11, 12, & 13

If a country follows the rank-size rule, how many people live in the fifth largest city if the largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants?

200,000

Which of the following does NOT accurately define or describe a city?

A vernacular region controlled by a local government.

Use Figure 12-12 to answer the question. According to the map, the vast majority of megacities are located in

Asia.

Which overlapping metropolitan area is NOT a megalopolis?

Beijing to Nanking to Shanghai

The most populous country dependent on hydroelectric power is

Brazil.

Back-office functions are also called

Business Process Outsourcing

Based on the map in Figure 12-6, which statement about global cities is TRUE?

Chicago has the same rank as Mexico City and Johannesburg.

A census area based on commuting patterns is called a

Combined Statistical Area.

Use Figure 12-3 to answer the question. Based on the information in the map, which statement about megaregions in the United States is TRUE?

Daily urban systems tend to cover much larger areas in western states.

Which regions are responsible for the majority of clothing sold in the United States?

East, Southeast, and South Asia

Which example best illustrates a geographic concept associated with China's efforts to create more sustainable cities?

Innovative high-speed train systems facilitating connections between city neighborhoods and other urban centers.

Which of the following would NOT explain the delays in a more widely distributed use of solar energy?

Lack of knowledge or available technology to harness the energy of the Sun.

Which of the following is considered to have been a hearth of urban settlement?

Mesopotamia

Which statement is TRUE about air pollution?

Most is generated from power plants and factories.

Use Figure 12-13 to answer the question. According to the map, which of the following lists of countries contain cities that are growing by at least 4 percent each year?

Nigeria, Kenya, Tanzania, India, and Mexico

Which region has the highest per capita consumption of water in the world?

North America

Use Figure 13-6 to answer the question. Based on the changes of the density gradient shown in the maps, which statement is TRUE?

Population density has declined but sprawl has increased as people moved to surrounding suburbs.

Use Figure 11-3 to answer the question. Western Europe's principal industrial areas include all of the following EXCEPT

Portugal and western Spain.

Multiple nuclei models are closely associated with contemporary cities in which geographic region?

Southeast Asia

Based on the information presented in Figure 12-7, which statement about North American global cities is TRUE?

Tampa is gamma-ranked and Denver is beta-ranked.

Which statement about the impact of energy on the environment is NOT true?

The electric grids across the United States have been standardized to ensure efficiency and reliable delivery of service.

According to the sector model, what might influence the growth of a new corridor?

The extension of transportation routes.

Which is NOT a challenge to relying on nuclear power as an alternative to fossil fuels?

The large amount of energy released through fission.

Which is NOT a reason why consumer services are increasingly located in suburbs?

The large pool of potential employees in the vicinity.

The process of urbanization can be analyzed by looking at which two dimensions of growth of a city?

The number and percentage of people.

Use Figure 11-20 to answer the question. Which statement about changes in U.S. manufacturing from 1950 to 2017 is TRUE?

The number of manufacturing jobs decreased in Ohio, Michigan, New York, and Pennsylvania.

Which of the following activities is NOT a major source of pollution?

The production of electricity using hydroelectric power.

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the high cost of rents in European CBDs?

The renovation of warehouses into modern lofts and office space.

Which of the following is NOT true about contemporary factories?

They require proximity to rail lines.

Use Figure 12-10 to answer the question. Which statement is TRUE based on the map of urban settlements in this era?

Urban centers in East Asia significantly outnumber those of Europe.

Use Figure 12-11 to answer the question. Based on the information in the chart, which statement is TRUE?

Urbanization in developing countries is increasing but there remains a gap between developed and developing countries.

Use Figure 12-8 to answer the question. Based on the mapped data, which statement is TRUE?

Vanuatu is an independent microstate that is also an offshore banking center.

Which South American country has significant proven petroleum reserves?

Venezuela

The most significant impact of the United Kingdom's enclosure movement on the rural landscape was

a dispersed rural settlement pattern.

Which describes a recent change in the typical U.S. density gradient?

a reduction in the differences in densities found within an urban area

Which of the following factors explains Mexico's emergence as an industrial area?

abundant low-wage and low-skilled laborers with market proximity to the United States

Factories have moved to suburban locations partly because of

access to main highways.

Photovoltaic cells are a component part of

active solar energy systems.

Megalopolis refers to

adjacent, overlapping Metropolitan Statistical Areas.

Which academic discipline provides much of our current knowledge about hearths of innovation and ancient urban settlements?

archaeology

In contrast to megacities, metacities

are fewer in number.

A primate city is defined as

at least twice as large as the next smaller city.

The attraction of the "offshore banking" industry can best be explained by

bank secrecy laws and the avoidance of paying taxes in other countries.

A firm that sells its products primarily to consumers outside its settlement is a

basic industry.

Use Figure 11-3 to answer the question. Italy's Po River Basin developed as an industrial area

by taking advantage of inexpensive hydroelectricity from the Alps.

In a simplified model of a city, the zone where retail and office activities are clustered is known as the

central business district.

Which is NOT a business service?

clerical

Compared to the United States, poor families in European cities are more likely to be

clustered in suburbs.

Which type of settlement is characterized by farm buildings, homes, and churches located close together?

clustered rural

The growth of which industry was LEAST affected by the diffusion of technology?

coal mining

The underground CBD is characterized by

communication networks, subway trains, and pedestrian passages.

Land values are high in the CBD primarily because of

competition for limited space.

Which is NOT associated with post-Fordist production?

complex organizational charts

Which is a method used to reduce traffic demand on congested roads?

congestion charges and tolls during peak travel times

Use Figures 11-18 and 11-19 to answer the question. Which describes the changes in U.S. steel production between 1980 to 2017?

decreased from 14 percent in 1980 to 5 percent in 2017

According to social scientist Louis Wirth which of the following is NOT a characteristic of city life?

dense traffic

Sprawl is best defined as the

development of new housing sites not contiguous to the existing built-up area.

The gravity model predicts that the optimal location of a service is

directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it.

Which pattern describes the geographic distribution of industry prior to the Industrial Revolution?

dispersed

Which problem did Japan overcome in order to become a global industrial power?

distance from consumers

Which explains why some residents of inner-city neighborhoods face challenges in achieving economic prosperity?

distance from jobs and low technical skills

Which of the following is an INCORRECT pairing?

dumping chemicals (such as motor oil and antifreeze) into storm drains - point-source pollution

Global cities are identified and ranked by a combination of

economic, political, cultural, and infrastructure factors.

The four main types of consumer services include

education, retail, health, and leisure.

Which is NOT a reason that reliance on private motor vehicles has remained high in the United States?

electric and hybrid vehicle availability

The current era of transportation development is characterized by

electronic control of transportation systems.

East Asia's industrial areas developed because of

export-oriented manufacturing of electronics.

Even with the diffusion of modern telecommunications, many lawyers, financial analysts, and public officials prefer to work in CBDs in order to exchange information with colleagues primarily through

face-to-face contact.

Which material is 100 percent recyclable?

glass

The potential use of a service at a location is related directly to population and inversely to distance in the

gravity model.

Which best completes the sentence: Production facilities in Mexico, known as maquiladora plants

have an advantage of proximity to U.S. markets.

Compared to urban settlements in North America, CBDs in Europe

have higher numbers of residents and more day-to-day consumer services.

The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted is the

hinterland

According to the multiple nuclei model, an airport is likely to attract nearby

hotels and warehouses.

Which of the following was NOT included in Beijing under the Yuan Dynasty?

informal settlements

Settlements on the periphery of cities in less developed countries that often house the poor or new urban arrivals are known as

informal settlements.

In contrast to Fordist production, post-Fordist production is more likely to

introduce more flexible work rules.

The U.S. steel industry moved westward in the nineteenth century primarily because of better access to

iron ore.

The supply of public housing in the United States

is often inadequate to meet demand.

Most U.S. metropolitan areas have a council of governments which means

it coordinates planning for the overall area.

The shipment of manufacturing inputs in a manner that allows for production flexibility is known as

just-in-time production.

An industry in which employee costs are a high percentage of expenses is called a

labor-intensive industry.

The textile industry is distributed across a multiple regions because of

labor-intensive steps completed in different low-wage countries.

Using the city of Shanghai as an example, which does NOT accurately describe a key geographic trend in urbanization

lack of public transportation systems that could encourage the development of the city

Using the city of Shanghai as an example, which does NOT accurately describe a key geographic trend in urbanization?

lack of public transportation systems that could encourage the development of the city

Central place theory predicts larger settlements will be

less numerous and farther apart.

Which two factors influence the location of back-office services in developing countries?

low-wage rates and workers who can speak English

Which two location factors influence more industries to expand to central Europe?

low-wage skilled labor and proximity to markets

Which factors would geographers use to determine the marketability of a location?

market area, range, threshold, and predicted share of market

Situation costs are a consideration for a firm that wishes to

minimize transport costs.

Which list identifies disruptions that can affect just-in-time delivery manufacturing?

natural hazards, traffic, and labor unrest

According to Homer Hoyt's sector model, once a district with high-class housing is established, the most expensive new housing is built

on the outer edge of that district, farther out from the center.

Use Figure 11-17 to answer the question. Which describes the twenty-first century distribution of Nucor minimills in the United States?

operational in at least 20 different states

Which feature is NOT associated with unique patterns evident in the city of Tenochtitlán in Mexico

organized in a grid pattern around a central Zócalo or square

What accounts for the largest share of solid waste in the United States?

paper products

Which of the following is non-metallic mineral?

phosphorus

Typical medieval European urban settlements were characterized by the

placement of buildings around a central market square.

The hierarchical listing of settlements by size is known as the

rank-size rule.

In which situation are geographers LEAST likely to apply central place theory?

recommending ways to improve the income levels and driving distances for people within a market threshold

Which of the following is NOT an activity in the United States that consumes a large amount of energy?

recreation

Which best describes the distribution of megacities?

reflects population growth in developing countries

A food desert is usually associated with

regions usually found in low-income areas where fresh fruit, vegetables, and other healthful foods are unavailable.

Restoration of a 1967 classic car is an example of

remanufacturing.

Which of the following buildings would you likely find in the CBD?

residential lofts

European CBDs are similar to those in North America because they both contain

retail and office activities.

Metal fabrication plants are classified as bulk-gaining industries because

separate parts are combined to make more complex products.

Although transportation costs increase because of intermittent break-of-bulk points, the lowest-cost transportation mode for very long distances is

ship.

The spatial clustering of high-tech industry in Silicon Valley, California resulted from

skilled labor and venture capital.

Which of the following is most likely a basic economic activity?

steel mill

Attracting a new basic industry is important to a community, primarily because it

stimulates new nonbasic businesses.

Edge cities emerged as a consequence of

suburbanization.

Factories have reduced demand for petroleum by

switching to natural gas

In terms of global financial services, which two major benefits do developing countries offer?

tax breaks and privacy

Which best describes the sequence of shifts in the location of steel production in the United States from the mid-nineteenth through the mid-twentieth centuries?

the Pittsburgh area to the Midwest ending on the East and West coasts, as well as the Great Lakes region

Where did the Chernobyl incident occur?

the Soviet Union

Use Figure 11-4 to answer the question. Which of the following is Canada's most important industrial area?

the St. Lawrence Valley in southeast Ontario

The Industrial Revolution began in

the United Kingdom.

Industry is increasingly concentrated in developing rather than developed regions because of

the ability to outsource production to independent suppliers anywhere in the world.

A significant drawback to wind power is

the cost of the turbines requires significant capital investment.

The beginnings of the Industrial Revolution can be traced back to

the late 1700s.

The energy efficiency of a hybrid car is tied to

the use of a gasoline engine at high speeds, whereas at low speeds an electric motor takes over; moreover, energy that would have otherwise escaped as heat is captured and stored while the car is coasting and braking.

Which of the following is NOT primarily a consumer service?

transportation

Which is NOT an example of a public transit system?

trucks

In which type of settlement do most people in the world live

urban

Heterogeneity is more commonly a characteristic of

urban centers than rural communities.

The city plus its surrounding built-up suburbs is the

urbanized area.

Periodic markets are likely to feature

vendors who move from town to town

Use Figure 11-14 to answer the question. As a percentage of GNI, the trend indicated is that the share of manufacturing in developed countries

was roughly equal to manufacturing in developing countries in the early 1980s.

One of the ways that suburban residential segregation is reinforced is through

zoning ordinances.