aphg midterm

Which of the following best describes the survey system used in both locations shown?

. Township and range: unit-block field patterns with dispersed farmsteads and occasional villages

Define federal state and identify the country shown above that fits the definition of a federal state.

A Federal state is a form a of goverment where the main power in a state shares its power with smaller regional goverments. The Federal State above is Germnay. For example, Germany allows its different provinces to make their own decisions on more regional matters.

Which of the following is NOT part of the definition of a state?

A common language

Which of the following describes a unitary form of governance?

A state has a strong central government with no power given to regions.

Most of Africa's political boundaries were originally drawn by

European colonial powers in the late-nineteenth century

Based on the diagram of von Thünen's model of agricultural land use, which statement best explains the connection between land value and agricultural production regions?

Grain crops require extensive acreage and are grown on land that is less costly and farther away from the market than other agricultural land uses.

Which of the following best explains the significance of a similarity among locations where olives, figs, grapes and lemons are grown?

Intensive agriculture is practiced in a Mediterranean climate.

Which of the following correctly compares the significance of the different technologies shown in the images?

Invention of the plow eased the intensive use of labor, and the innovation of mechanized farm equipment led to improved food production.

Based on the map above, which of the following is a true statement about Northern Ireland?

It is physically separate from the rest of the United Kingdom, a multinational state.

Historically, Iceland had only one period of human migration. The country has never been invaded and possesses a common culture and language. As a result, Iceland is regarded as a good example of which of the following concepts?

Nation-state

Describe ONE potentially negative outcome of a corporation from a core country producing an intensive agricultural item in a periphery country.

One negative outcome of a coporation from a core country producing an intensive agricultural item in a periphery country in todays world is that the workers from the periphery country are often expolited by the cooperation for cheap labor. Labor is far more cheaper in periphery countries, like Indonesia; so cooperations higher workers to work in unsafe labor conditions to cut down on productions costs.

Explain ONE positive and ONE negative impact on a state that has a federal system.

One positive and one negative impact federal systems can have on a state in todays world can be that regional goverments allow them to adress local issues that would otherwise be ignored with a unitary goverment. One negative impact of this type of goverment is that it is often beaurocratic, and difficult for to goverment to make dicisions quickly. For example, federal systems allow Florida to adress flooding issues promptly, even if the rest of the state has a different climate and might ignore the issue. A negative impact is when the election of the president is very bearocratic and complicated as each state competes for votes.

Describe ONE potentially positive outcome of a corporation from a core country producing an intensive agricultural item in a periphery country.

One reason that periphery countries have a higher percentage of their populations employed in the primary sector relative to populations in core countries in todays world can be becuase periphery countries don't have access to the mechanization of agriculture that is availble in core countries. Becuase periphery countries dont have access to machines to harvest crops, all of the work is done by humans; which requires a large work force.

Which of the following is a likely outcome of gerrymandering?

Packing areas minority group voters into a single majority-minority districts

Which of the following best explains the farming practice related to plantation agriculture?

Plantation farming is considered to be an intensive farming practice because it requires large inputs of labor and capital to produce the crop.

The Green Revolution led to an increase in food production in many places around the world, but there have been some negative consequences. Which of the following explains one of the negative consequences of the Green Revolution that would be of greater concern for people in developing countries than for people in more-developed countries?

Runoff of agricultural chemicals into the local groundwater that pollutes water resources

Which of the following best explains the primary function of international political boundaries?

Boundaries define and limit sovereignty and determine the extent of a state's power within the global political system.

Which of the following agricultural practices has the most significant long-term environmental impact in tropical regions?

Burning extensive areas of forested land to create pasture, which decreases biodiversity

Which of the following spatial patterns is best explained by bid-rent theory?

Concentric rings of different agricultural activities surrounding a city in the midwestern United States

Which of the following best explains the differences between countries with higher and lower percentages of women working in agriculture?

Countries with large percentages of female employment in agriculture tend to be mostly rural and are reliant on subsistence agriculture.

In 1993 Belgium divided much of its internal government into three semiautonomous regions. Based on the data shown in the map, which of the following best explains the political divisions within Belgium?

Divisions are based on language, providing ethnic groups some autonomy and preserving Belgium as a cohesive federal state.

Which of the following includes the world's earliest centers of plant domestication?

Southeast Asia, Mesoamerica, Middle East

Which of the following is the correct organizational scale for the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)?

Supranational

The photograph shows guards at the Truce Village of Panmunjom within the demilitarized zone (DMZ) that divides the Korea Peninsula into North Korea and South Korea. The DMZ border was agreed upon as part of Korean Armistice Agreement at the end of the Korean War in 1953. Which of the following best explains the effect of the DMZ on the Korean Peninsula as a culture region?

The Korean people are divided into a multistate nation that has a common heritage and ethnicity.

Which of the following best explains patterns of subsistence and commercial agriculture in West African countries such as Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire?

While some farmers are engaged in subsistence agriculture practices, there is significant commercial farming focused on luxury goods for export, such as coffee and cocoa.

Cultural differences within a country's population, such as different religions, languages, and ethnicities, have political impacts and can best be described as

centrifugal forces within a state

Genetic engineering of agricultural crops has primarily increased the productivity of modern farming by

increasing plants' drought resistance and resistance to pests

Which of the following groups represents a stateless nation?

kurds

Based on the information shown in the map, Nigeria can be identified as a

multinational state

The map above shows the countries in Africa where private investors and foreign governments have leased farmland for large-scale commercial farming. Usually much of the food produced is bound for wealthier nations. This practice is an example of

neocolonialism

Subsistence agriculture is always characterized by

production only for family consumption

The boundaries of congressional districts of the United States are

redrawn every ten years

The World Systems Theory's "Core-Periphery" Model describes the

relationship of power and the transfer of resources from less developed to more developed areas

Production of agricultural items destined primarily for direct consumption by the producer rather than for market is called

subsistence agriculture

If the map was reproduced at the sub-state/provincial scale, as Hawaii is on the map, what changes in pattern would be expected in other parts of the world?

The more arid sub-states in northern Mexico and northern India would not show any production.

Define primary sector economic activity.

The primary sector economic activiy in todays world is the sector of work that harvests raw materials from the earth. One exmaple can be lumbering, as trees are harvested from forests.

The population counts shown in the table would most likely be used for which of the following purposes?

The reapportionment and redistricting of the of the United States House of Representatives that occurs every 10 years

Which of the following best describes the role of the federal state in a country's political organization?

To act as an overarching government for a collection of subnational states allied for a common purpose

Describe TWO characteristics of a state that has a unitary system.

Two characteristics of a state that has a unitary system in todays world can be a centralized goverment with complete power, and the state being more developed around the capital. For example, Japan has no provinces; meaning that all the decision making of the country is in the hands of the capital. Unitary systems generally are far more developed around the capital becuase there are no smaller goverments developing different parts of the state, like the country of North Korea.

Which of the following events could be a threat to a state's sovereignty at the national scale, while holding a region together at the global scale?

Admittance into a supranational organization such as the European Union

Why have many family farms in North America been replaced by agribusiness farms since the 1980s?

Agribusiness farms have the resources to take advantage of economies of scale, making them more competitive than family-owned farms.

Which of the following best explains why the region of Catalonia, compared to other regions in Spain, could be a successful sovereign country if they became independent?

Catalonia is well developed economically compared to other regions in Spain.

Which of the following correctly compares the impact of centripetal forces at the local scale with the impact of centripetal forces at the national scale?

Centripetal forces at both the local scale and the national scale may lead to increased cultural cohesion.

Which of the following agricultural inputs were the most recent technological innovations employed in less developed countries during the Green Revolution?

Chemical fertilizers and pesticides

Which of the following is MOST accurate about the data projected in the map above?

Coffee, a luxury crop, is produced most in periphery and semiperiphery countries in subtropical and tropical regions of the world

South Sudan gained its independence in 2011, reshaping the boundaries of Sudan. Which of the following best explains the implications of the shaded area shown on the map in Darfur?

Darfur is a region of ethnic difference and political instability where devolution is likely.