APNEA OF PREMATURITY
What is no effort to breath during apneic spell?
Central Apnea
What are the diagnostic test for apnea of prematurity?
- Chest Radiography -ABG -ECG -Holter Monitor -CBC & electrolyte monitoring
What are the treatments for Apnea of prematurity?
- Continuous noninvasive monitoring of the HR & RR -Tactile Stimulation -Methylxanthines -Manual Ventilation may be required -CPAP
What are the causes of Apnea Prematurity?
- Immature control of the respiratory drive in response to oxygen & carbon dioxide -Infection -Metabolic Disorders -Maternal Drugs -Intracranial Lesions -Gastroesophageal Reflux
When are apneic spells abnormal?
- Last longer than 15 seconds - Central Apnea -Obstructive Apnea -Mixed Apnea - Assoc. with: Cyanosis Pallor Hypotonia Bradycardia
What are the clinical findings with apnea of prematurity?
-Bradycardia -Snoring -Choking -Mouth Breathing -May see changes in muscle tone, skin color, and respiratory patterns
What is a common controllable disorder & is a significant cause of morbidity among premature infants?
Apnea of Prematurity
What is used to stimulate the CNS & increase the infant's responsiveness to carbon dioxide?
Methylxanthines: - Theophylline -Caffeine -Doxapram used for infants with apnea that is refractory to theophylline
What is a combination of both central and obstructive apnea types that start as obstructive then develops to central apnea?
Mixed Apnea
What is a breathing effort that is present but obstruction prevents airflow?
Obstructive Apnea
What do premature infants frequently have?
Periodic respirations which consists of short apneic episodes of5- 10 seconds followed by 10 -15 seconds of rapid respirations
What can most apneic episodes be terminated by?
Tactile stimulation - Picking them up - Flicking their soles - Rubbing their skin - 02 via bag mask may be needed if apnea persist