APUS Midterm Review

12. During Reconstruction Congress passed all of the following measures except: (A) voting rights for all blacks (B) citizenship for all persons born or naturalized in the United States (C) a military occupation of the southern states (D) a continuation of the Freedmen's Bureau (E) a civil rights act. ?

B

10. After he took office Andrew Johnson alienated northern Republicans when he (A) openly broke with Lincoln's reconstruction policies (B) attempted to obstruct the ratification of the thirteenth Amendment (C) permitted former rebels to assume control of southern state governments (D) supported a new federal law that restricted the rights of the freedmen (E) ignored the activities of the Ku Klux Klan.

A

14. During the era of reconstruction southern whites used the term "scalawag" to identify (A) southern whites who supported Radical Republican rule (B) southern blacks who supported Radical Republican rule (C) Northerners who plundered the treasuries of southern states (D) federal officers who maintained the military occupation of the South (E) Congressmen who enacted Radical Republican legislation

A

15. Immigrants coming to America from Eastern and Southern Europe during the late 19th century were most likely to (A) settle in large cities in the Northeast or Midwest (B) settle on farms in the upper Midwest (C) seek to file on homesteads on the Great Plains (D) migrate to the South and Southwest (E) return to their homelands after only a brief stay in the U.S.

A

18. William M. Tweed of New York City (A) headed a "ring" of politicians that cheated New York City of $100,000,000 through fraudulent city contracts and extortion (B) was an outspoken supporter of fiscal integrity in municipal government (C) pioneered the regulation of tenement house construction and sanitation (D) urged the New York state legislature to adopt the governmental reforms advocated by the Progressives (E) served as Secretary of Interior in President Ulysses Grant's administrations.

A

21. The horizontal integration of American industry (i.e., one firm acquiring control of other firms that produce the same product) that occurred at the end of the nineteenth century was primarily a response to (A) economic competition (B) high tariffs (C) powerful labor unions (D) federal monetary policy (E) federal regulation of business

A

3. The direct impact of the Civil War on the economy included all of the following EXCEPT (A) the emergence of the trust as a form of business organization (B) the initiation of transcontinental railroad building (C) runaway inflation in the South (D) the creation of a more uniform national banking system (E) disruption of cotton exports to England.

A

30. The basic purpose of the Dawes Severalty Act (1887) was (A) assimilate the Native Americans into white culture ` (B) preserve tribal Indian government on reservations (C) establish a system of reservations for Native Americans (D) grant citizenship to Native Americans (E) force all the remaining Native Americans to move west.

A

35. Which of the following is true of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890? (A) It had little immediate impact on the regulation of large corporations. (B) It quickly limited the number of mergers taking place. (C) It led to federal control of the railroads. (D) It forced businesses to adopt pooling agreements. (E) It ended effective cooperation between business and the federal government

A

43. The Kansas-Nebraska act (1854) heightened the sectional crisis because it (A) repealed the Missouri Compromise (B) repealed the Fugitive Slave Act (C) made Kansas and Nebraska free states (D) stimulated Southern emigration to the territories taken from Mexico (E) signaled acceptance of the principle of the Wilmot Proviso

A

9. In his 1863 plan for reconstruction, Lincoln announced that the people of a Confederate state could form a new government that he would recognize if (A) one tenth of the citizens took an oath of allegiance to the United States and accepted the wartime laws emancipating slaves (B) one tenth of the citizens took an oath of allegiance to the United States and yielded all of their property to the state government (C) a majority of the citizens ratified the Thirteenth Amendment and repudiated the Confederate debt (D) a majority of the citizens ratified the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments and repudiated the Confederate debt (E) one tenth of the citizens took an oath of allegiance to the United States and granted emancipated slaves the right to vote.

A

"If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that." 8. The Emancipation Proclamation was consistent with this statement by Abraham Lincoln because it abolished slavery (A) only in the North (B) only in Confederate held counties (C) everywhere in the South (D) only in areas controlled by the Union Army (E) only in the border states

B

13. The Fifteenth Amendment (A) guaranteed the right to vote to all adult citizens (B) guaranteed the right to vote to all black citizens (C) guaranteed equal protection of the laws to all citizens (D) abolished slavery (E) was designed to strengthen the Republican party in the South.

B

19. President Andrew Johnson was (A) impeached by the Supreme Court but not removed from office (B) impeached by the House but not convicted by the Senate (C) impeached by the House but acquitted by the Supreme Court (D) impeached by the House and convicted by the Senate (E) removed from office by Congress for violating the Tenure of Office Act.

B

47. Which of the following states the principle of "popular sovereignty?" (A) Congress has the right to decide where slavery shall and shall not exist. (B) The settlers in a given territory have the sole right to decide whether or not slavery will be permitted there. (C) Individual citizens can decide for themselves whether or not to hold slaves. (D) The American people shall decide where slaver will exist through a national plebiscite. (E) Individual states have the right to reject congressional decisions pertaining to slavery.

B

11. All of the following statements about blacks during the first years after Emancipation are true except: (A) Most sought reunion with family members. (B) Most attempted to found separate black churches. (C) Large numbers migrated to the north. (D) Most preferred to work as sharecroppers rather than for cash wages. (E) Large numbers sought educational opportunities wherever they were available.

C

17.The main reason that President Grant's administration is considered a failure is (A) his failure to retreat from the radical Reconstruction policies of his predecessors (B) his failure to effectively quell the Indian uprisings in the Western territories (C) his failure to control the corruption permeating his administration (D) his attempts to destroy the Democratic Party and return the country to a one-party system (E) his failure to be reelected after serving his first term in office.?

C

2.Which of the following was a consequence of the shift to sharecropping and the crop lien system in the late nineteenth-century South? (A) A major redistribution of land ownership (B) A diversification of crops (C) A cycle of debt and depression for Southern tenant farmers (D) A rise in cotton yields per acre from antebellum production levels (E) The termination of the control exerted by White landowners over former slaves.

C

20. The two major battles of the Civil War fought on Union soil were (A) Shiloh & Chancellorsville (B) Bull Run & Vicksburg (C) Gettysburg and Antietam (D) Peninsula Campaign & Fredericksburg (E) New Orleans & Bangor.

C

24. The second Sioux War (1875-1876), which saw the defeat of Custer and the Battle of the Little Big Horn, was caused by all of the following EXCEPT (A) The extension of the route of the Northern Pacific Railroad (B) The gold rush in the Black Hills (C) A concentrated effort on the part of the major Protestant denominations to convert the Sioux to Christianity (D) Corruption within the Department of the Interior (E) Overland migration of settlers to the Pacific Northwest

C

26. "From the beginning of the settlement of America, the frontier regions have exercised a steady influence toward democracy...American democracy is fundamentally the outcome of the experience of the American people in dealing with the West..." These statements are part of a historical theory known as (A) manifest destiny (B) Jeffersonian democracy (C) the Turner thesis (D) Jacksonian democracy (E) Liberal republicanism

C

27. All of the following are true of railroad expansion in the late nineteenth century EXCEPT that it (A) opened new territories to commercial agriculture (B) accelerated the growth of some older cities and created new ones (C) was financed by private corporations without government assistance (D) led to new managerial forms and techniques (E) was often capitalized beyond what was needed.

C

29. Which of the following concepts are the basic themes in Frederick Jackson Turner's thesis of the significance of the frontier in American History? I. The West acted as a "safety valve" for discontented Easterners II. American democratic institutions were not imported from Europe III Frontier experiences shaped the American national character and democratic institutions IV American democracy owes a great deal to English political institutions V The western frontier was more crucial to American development than the earlier eastern and southern influences (A) I, II, & III only (D) III & IV only (B) I, III, & IV only (E) I, III, IV, and V only (C) I, II, III, & V only

C

37. Jacob Riis's How the Other Half Lives is a study of (A) Jim Crow segregation and its effect on African Americans (B) the plight of Great Plains farmers in the 1890's (C) immigrant urban poverty and despair in the 1890's (D) the corruption in city political machines in the 1890's (E) the rise of industrial capitalists in the late nineteenth century.

C

4. In 1861 the North went to war with the South primarily to (A) liberate the slaves (B) prevent European powers from meddling in American affairs (C) preserve the Union (D) avenge political defeats and insults inflicted by the South (E) forestall a Southern invasion of the North

C

42. At the end of the nineteenth century, the desire of American business to control supplies of raw materials led to (A) automation of industry (B) horizontal integration (C) vertical integration (D) development of the factory system (E) development of the putting-out system

C

5. All of the following led Congress to impose Radical Reconstruction measures EXCEPT the (A) enactment of Black Codes by southern legislatures (B) outbreak of race riots in New Orleans and Memphis (C) massive exodus of former slaves from the South (D) election of former Confederates to Congress (E) response of southern legislatures to the Fourteenth Amendment

C

6. Which of the following best describes the situation of freedmen in the decade following the Civil War? (A) Each was given 40 acres of land and a mule by the Union government. (B) All were immediately granted political equality by the Emancipation Proclamation.(C) The majority entered sharecropping arrangements with former masters or other nearby planters. (D) They were required to pass a literacy test before being granted United States citizenship. (E) They supported the passage of Black Codes to ensure their economic and political rights.

C

1. The Black Codes passed in a number of southern states after the Civil War were intended to (A) close public schools to the children of former slaves (B) promote the return of former slaves to Africa (C) enable Black citizens to vote in federal elections (D) place limits on the socioeconomic opportunities open to Black people (E) further the integration of southern society.

D

16. The term "Seward's Folly" referred to Secretary of State William Seward's (A) advocacy of a lenient policy toward the defeated Southern states (B) break with the majority radical faction of the Republican party in order to back President Andrew Johnson (C) belief that the Civil War could be avoided and the Union restored by provoking a war with Britain and France (D) negotiation of the purchase of Alaska from Russia (E) ill-fated attempt to gain the presidency in 1860. ?

D

33. Some historians have labeled John D. Rockefeller and other big businessmen of the Gilded Age as "Robber Barons" because they (A) controlled large estates in the West (B) stole large sums of money from the federal treasury (C) controlled foreign countries through their domination of international trade (D) were ruthless competitors who cheated their investors and exploited their workers (E) emulated the lifestyles of medieval lords.

D

40. At the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, pro-Union sentiment was strong in western Virginia, eastern Tennessee, and western North Carolina primarily because (A) Confederate troops had committed atrocities to terrorize state representatives from these regions into voting for secession (B) these regions had more trade with the North than did other regions in the South (C) these regions were more industrialized than other regions of the South (D) there were relatively few slaves or large plantations in these regions (E) Lincoln had promised not to send federal troops into these regions

D

45. In the 1850's, the South differed from the North in that the South had (A) a better-developed transportation system (B) a better-educated White population (C) less interest in evangelical religion (D) fewer European immigrants (E) more cities.

D

50. The Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act both (A) continued the Missouri Compromise line (B) applied the doctrine of popular sovereignty to parts of the west (C) included the policy of free soil for parts of the west (D) repealed the Missouri Compromise line (E) were passed under Democratic administrations.

D

22. Which of the following statements is true about immigration to the United States during the last two decades of the nineteenth century? (A) United States immigration laws sharply reduced the number of eligible immigrants (B) Irish immigrants came in larger numbers than earlier in the century (C) Nativist agitation brought about a decline in immigration (D) The United States government entered into a "gentleman agreement" to ban immigration grants from certain countries (E) Southern and Eastern Europeans came in larger numbers than earlier in the century

E

23. The settlement house movement of the early 1900s was (A) organized by immigrant leaders to help assimilate newcomers into American culture (B) a federal program established to provide assistance to poor people (C) a state-financed program to help assimilate immigrants into American culture (D) a privately sponsored program that established drug treatment centers (E) privately run by native born women to help assimilate new comers into American culture.

E

28. Which of the following was true of the American labor movement in the late nineteenth century? (A) It was controlled by immigrant socialists and anarchists. (B) It was confined to factory workers. (C) It was protected from employer harassment by federal law and policy. (D) It was allied with the Democratic Party. (E) It was involved in a number of violent strikes.

E

31. All of the following account for nativist sentiment against the "new immigrants" of the late nineteenth century except that the immigrants (A) practiced different religions (B) had different languages and cultures (C) were willing to work for lower wages than were native-horn workers (D) were not familiar with the United States political system (E) dominated the professions of law, medicine, and engineering.

E

32. Which of the following was primarily responsible for the declining death rate in American cities at the end of the nineteenth century? (A) Fewer poor people moved to the cities in the late nineteenth century. (B) Cities began to provide free medical care to those who needed it. (C) Doctors began to provide free medical care to poor people. (D) Better transportation enabled more people to seek medical care. (E) Cities built sewers and supplied purified water.

E

38. The precipitating factor in the 1894 Pullman strike was Pullman's (A) dismissal of union workers (B) introduction of scrip in part payment of wages (C) retraction of its promise to provide an employee insurance and retirement plan (D) employment of immigrant labor at less than a living wage (E) cutting of wages without proportionate cuts in company housing rents.

E

44. In the presidential campaign of 1860, which of the following positions was asserted by the Republican party platform with respect to slavery? (A) Slavery should be abolished immediately by the federal government (B) The extension of slavery to other countries should be prohibited (C) The Missouri Compromise line (36° 30') should be extended to the Pacific Ocean, and slavery should be prohibited in territories above that line (D) The gradual emancipation of the slaves should begin, and the federal government should compensate slave owners for the loss of slave property (E) The extension of slavery to United States territories should be prohibited by the federal government, but slavery should be protected in the states where it already existed.

E

48. Which of the following provisions of the Compromise of 1850 provoked the most controversy in the 1850's? (A) The admission of California as a free state (B) The establishment of the principle of popular sovereignty in the Mexican cession (C) The ban on the slave trade in the District of Columbia (D) The continued protection of slavery in the District of Columbia (E) The strengthened Fugitive Slave Law

E

49. "Let Southern oppressors tremble...I shall strenuously contend for immediate enfranchisement... I will be as harsh as truth and as uncompromising as justice." The author of the statement above was (A) John C. Calhoun (B) Stephen A. Douglas (C) Henry Clay (D) Abraham Lincoln (E) William L. Garrison.

E