APUSH Ch 12 POPQUIZ

Smallholding planters in the nineteenth-century South owned about how many slaves, on average? Select one: A. One to five B. Eight to ten C. Fifteen to twenty D. None

A. One to five

In the nineteenth-century South, free blacks lived primarily Select one: A. in the coastal cities and the Upper South. B. near the Texas border. C. in rural Mississippi. D. in Tennessee.

A. in the coastal cities and the Upper South.

Which of the following characterizes the plantation labor system of the southern cotton industry? Select one: A. African American slaves worked from sunup to sundown all year long. B. Immigrants formed an important subgroup of southern plantation laborers. C. Native Americans formed an important subgroup of southern plantation laborers. D. African American slaves were unable to escape the labor system due to planter violence.

A. African American slaves worked from sunup to sundown all year long.

Which of these statements describes the planter aristocrats who lived in the cotton-growing regions of the South in the mid-nineteenth century? Select one: A. Aristocratic planters took the lead in defending slavery as a benevolent social system. B. Cotton planters consciously rejected the luxurious lifestyles adopted by the rice-growing aristocracy. C. Planter aristocrats in the Cotton Belt emphasized the hypocrisy of their Chesapeake counterparts. D. Cotton-planting aristocrats increasingly avoided interference in the lives of their slaves.

A. Aristocratic planters took the lead in defending slavery as a benevolent social system.

Which of the following were core institutions for African American society in the mid-nineteenth-century South? Select one: A. Church and family B. Friendships and kinship C. The American Anti-Slavery Society and Christianity D. Marriage and resistance movements

A. Church and family

Which of the following statements characterizes blacks' resistance to slavery by the 1820s? Select one: A. In their situation, most blacks had no choice but to build the best possible lives for themselves. B. Many slaves planned or participated in revolts, knowing that some would be successful. C. The frequency of escape to Spanish Florida and the frontier increased. D. Most slaves still clung to the hope of returning to Africa.

A. In their situation, most blacks had no choice but to build the best possible lives for themselves.

Many African American slaves who converted to Christianity compared themselves to which of the following groups? Select one: A. Jews B. Native Americans C. Mormons D. The Irish

A. Jews

Which of the following methods was a highly uncommon form of slave resistance in the slave South? Select one: A. Large-scale uprisings B. Running away C. Feigning illness D. Individual acts of violence

A. Large-scale uprisings

The Alabama Constitution of 1819 did which of the following? Select one: A. Made county supervisors and sheriffs elected positions B. Apportioned state legislative seats on the basis of a county's wealth C. Eliminated the use of the secret ballot D. Gave all taxpaying white men the right to vote

A. Made county supervisors and sheriffs elected positions

Why did a labor crisis develop in the Cotton South in the first few decades of the 1800s? Select one: A. Planters heading west needed many new slaves to clear, plant, and harvest the land. B. Americans sent thousands of slaves to Africa, creating a shortage of slave labor. C. Disease killed tens of thousands of slaves every year in the Deep South. D. Patriot planters had gradually emancipated their slaves after the Revolutionary War.

A. Planters heading west needed many new slaves to clear, plant, and harvest the land.

Which of these factors explained the surplus of slaves in the Chesapeake region in the early nineteenth century? Select one: A. Population growth through natural reproduction B. The rapid contraction of the region's tobacco market C. Chesapeake planters' hesitancy to work their slaves too hard D. The profitability of the international slave trade

A. Population growth through natural reproduction

Why did the United States decline to annex Texas in 1837? Select one: A. President Van Buren feared that annexation would spark an American civil war over the issue of slavery. B. Texans refused to legalize slavery, which was the only condition on which southern politicians would accept Texan statehood. C. The U.S. Congress refused annexation because it did not want to assume Texas' large Mexican population. D. President Van Buren could not convince the Whig-dominated Senate to accept the treaty.

A. President Van Buren feared that annexation would spark an American civil war over the issue of slavery.

Which statement characterizes the typical relationship between slaves and their masters in the 1850s? Select one: A. Slaves were investments and therefore were generally provided with clothes, shelter, and enough food to keep them healthy. B. White women felt so guilty about their husbands' transgressions with female slaves that they treated those slave women with extra kindness. C. Tobacco planters in Virginia usually treated their slaves more harshly than Mississippi cotton planters. D. Accounts of sexual contact between masters and their slaves were greatly exaggerated and rarely occurred.

A. Slaves were investments and therefore were generally provided with clothes, shelter, and enough food to keep them healthy.

Which of these factors contributed to the development of an increasingly homogenous African American culture in the rural South in the nineteenth century? Select one: A. The domestic slave trade B. Marriage patterns C. Kinship relations D. The development of the Gullah dialect

A. The domestic slave trade

Which of the following statements was true of the American South in 1860? Select one: A. The vast majority of southern white families did not own any slaves. B. Most whites in the South who did not own slaves were opposed to slavery. C. Most slaves lived in the Upper South. D. Most slaves did not have stable families.

A. The vast majority of southern white families did not own any slaves.

Which of these factors prompted many plantation masters to reduce reliance on violence and adopt positive incentives to motivate slaves in the 1830s and 1840s? Select one: A. Domestic ideology B. Abolitionist scrutiny C. Christian values D. Frequent mass uprisings

B. Abolitionist scrutiny

Which of the following statements describes the institution of slavery in the nineteenth-century South? Select one: A. The percentage of white slave-owning families continually increased between 1800 and 1860. B. About 5 percent of southern whites owned 50 percent of the South's slave population. C. Throughout the nineteenth century, most white southerners owned some slaves. D. Slave gangs proved to be less efficient than those who worked more independently.

B. About 5 percent of southern whites owned 50 percent of the South's slave population.

Which of these concepts became a central tenet of slave Christianity in the South in the nineteenth century? Select one: A. Obedience to authority B. All people as children of God C. Original sin D. Predestination

B. All people as children of God

Which of the following describes the changes in slaves' living conditions in the early nineteenth century? Select one: A. Sexual abuse of black women increased because white males on the southwestern frontier knew the law would not punish them. B. As blacks formed stronger social, family, and cultural ties, they resisted the breakup of families through sale by their owners. C. Blacks lost the few work privileges they had gained in the eighteenth century, especially in the lowlands of South Carolina. D. Mutilations of black men increased as whites sought to deter runaways and slave revolts.

B. As blacks formed stronger social, family, and cultural ties, they resisted the breakup of families through sale by their owners.

Which of the following pairs is properly matched? Select one: A. Horace King—won praise for his portraiture B. Benjamin Banneker—mathematician and surveyor; helped lay out Washington, D.C. C. Paul Cuffee—accused of slave revolt D. Joshua Johnston—wealthy businessman

B. Benjamin Banneker—mathematician and surveyor; helped lay out Washington, D.C.

By 1860, the majority of African Americans lived and worked as slaves in which of the following regions? Select one: A. Midwest B. Deep South C. Northeast D. Upper South

B. Deep South

Why was the South on the cutting edge of the Market Revolution by 1840? Select one: A. Southern society was dominated by free labor. B. It produced and exported over two-thirds of the world's cotton supply. C. Planters were building factories to process cotton. D. Planters were using European immigrants as industrial workers.

B. It produced and exported over two-thirds of the world's cotton supply.

Which of these statements most accurately describes the experiences of free blacks in the early nineteenth-century United States? Select one: A. Most northern states passed laws banning free blacks from owning or running a business. B. Most held low-wage jobs as farmworkers, day laborers, or laundresses. C. Many free blacks would have settled in Africa had they been able to afford the trip. D. They constituted a majority of the African American population in the South by 1820.

B. Most held low-wage jobs as farmworkers, day laborers, or laundresses.

The notion of slavery as a "necessary evil" and a "positive good" was supported by which idea? Select one: A. In a slave-owning society, every free man is an aristocrat. B. Slavery allowed a civilized lifestyle for whites and cared for genetically inferior blacks. C. Whites educated and Christianized slaves in return for their love, labor, and loyalty. D. Slavery gave whites the psychological satisfaction of knowing they ranked above blacks

B. Slavery allowed a civilized lifestyle for whites and cared for genetically inferior blacks.

The U.S. federal government participated in the expansion of slavery during the early to mid-1800s through which of the following? Select one: A. The inland system B. The Indian Removal Act C. The American Colonization Society D. The international slave trade

B. The Indian Removal Act

Which of these factors created a major economic obstacle for small, family farmers aiming to improve their lot in the mid-nineteenth-century South? Select one: A. Competition from immigrant labor B. The cotton revolution C. Poor distribution networks D. Export taxes on their products

B. The cotton revolution

Which of the following is true of free blacks in the South? Select one: A. Most free African Americans distanced themselves from the masses of impoverished slaves. B. They became the backbone of the South's urban artisan workforce. C. Their numbers decreased between 1800 and 1860. D. Most of them were forced to emigrate to the North because they were viewed as a threat to slavery.

B. They became the backbone of the South's urban artisan workforce.

Which of these factors made enslaved African Americans reluctant to attempt to escape to the North? Select one: A. They knew that the civil war and abolitionism would come sooner rather than later. B. They hesitated to leave their families and communities behind. C. Slaves internalized their inferiority and felt incapable of successful flight. D. Slaves' embrace of the Golden Rule led them to treat their masters well.

B. They hesitated to leave their families and communities behind.

What prevented planter elites from exercising complete political dominance over the Cotton South in the 1830s and 1840s? Select one: A. The Cotton Revolution increased resentment on the part of poor whites toward planters' power and position. B. They lived in a republican society with democratic institutions that elicited input from all white men. C. The emergence of a new class of wealthy industrial elites in the South checked their power. D. Plantation management required so much of their time that many planters had to refrain from political service.

B. They lived in a republican society with democratic institutions that elicited input from all white men.

Children born in slave communities in the nineteenth-century South often shared which of these characteristics? Select one: A. Children had few sources of support. B. They were named after family members. C. Children were removed from their families at age three. D. They were raised by their grandmothers.

B. They were named after family members.

The domestic slave trade affected the African American family unit before 1865 by Select one: A. separating adults but not children from their families. B. separating family members through sale and trade. C. destroying 75 percent of black marriages. D. destroying the sense of family.

B. separating family members through sale and trade.

Slaves' practice of "taking root" involved which of the following? Select one: A. Forming fictive kinship relationships for social support B. Adopting American culture and rejecting African influences C. Building the best possible lives for themselves as slaves D. Cultivating their own food crops in small yards after their workday

C. Building the best possible lives for themselves as slaves

Which factor led to planters' need to smuggle slaves into the country rather than import them legally? Select one: A. Missouri's application for statehood B. State legislation C. Congressional legislation D. A Supreme Court ruling

C. Congressional legislation

In the cotton-growing regions of the South, which of the following was true of the gang-labor system of work? Select one: A. It allowed slaves to work individually and at their own pace. B. The labor system was primarily used on plantations with twenty or fewer slaves. C. Gang-labor depended upon the work of white overseers and black drivers. D. The system controlled slave laborers without the use of violent discipline or punishment.

C. Gang-labor depended upon the work of white overseers and black drivers.

Which of the following areas is correctly matched with its primary crop? Select one: A. Chesapeake—rice B. Carolina low country—hemp C. Louisiana—sugar D. Kentucky and Tennessee—cotton

C. Louisiana—sugar

Which of the following statements characterizes African American marriage customs in the slave South? Select one: A. Marriage between cousins was very common among plantation slaves. B. African American marriage customs imitated those of white Christians. C. Slave couples often followed the African custom of "jumping the broom" to signify their union. D. Many slaves married and moved into their own cabins without their white owners' permission.

C. Slave couples often followed the African custom of "jumping the broom" to signify their union.

Which of these groups accounted for the largest percentage of the white population in the mid-nineteenth-century Cotton South? Select one: A. Plantation owners B. Yeoman farmers C. Tenant farmers and day laborers D. Middling planters

C. Tenant farmers and day laborers

Which of the following statements characterizes the cotton planter class in Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas in the mid-nineteenth century? Select one: A. Planters embraced the cultured gentility of the Chesapeake region. B. Planters lived in elegant mansions. C. The goal of the planter class was to make money. D. Planters refused to do physical labor on plantations.

C. The goal of the planter class was to make money.

Why was the domestic slave trade crucial to the southern economy? Select one: A. The trade provided Native American slaves to the southern economy. B. The trade encouraged thousands of free blacks to move to the Lower South. C. The trade provided tens of thousands of new workers to build plantations. D. It provided a new source of income for Virginians who had abandoned tobacco cultivation.

C. The trade provided tens of thousands of new workers to build plantations.

Which of the following statements describes the relationship between the economies of the North and the South in the mid-nineteenth century? Select one: A. The economy of the North was stronger and more prosperous than that of the South. B. Both the South and the North had equally strong economies in 1860. C. The wealth of the industrializing Northeast was increasing more quickly than that of the South. D. Southerners' wealth in slaves made the South's economy ten times stronger than the North's.

C. The wealth of the industrializing Northeast was increasing more quickly than that of the South.

Which of these statements describes Southern rice planters of the mid-nineteenth century? Select one: A. Rice planters avoided selling slaves or working slaves harshly. B. Rice planters occupied the bottom rung of the plantation aristocracy. C. They were at the apex of the plantation aristocracy. D. They lived only in the Upper South.

C. They were at the apex of the plantation aristocracy.

Which of the following statements describes the class of propertyless whites living in the South in the mid-nineteenth century? Select one: A. Propertyless whites directly benefited from the institution of slavery. B. Planters courted their loyalty by providing gifts and small favors to their families. C. They worked hard physical jobs as day laborers and enjoyed little respect from other whites. D. Propertyless whites were free but lived in conditions worse than that of many slaves.

C. They worked hard physical jobs as day laborers and enjoyed little respect from other whites.

Under the task system, slaves were required to Select one: A. punish their fellow slaves who did not perform adequately. B. perform the same repetitive tasks every day. C. complete a precisely defined job each day. D. train their children to take over their tasks when they grew up.

C. complete a precisely defined job each day.

Which of the following examples embodied the synthesis of African and American culture that existed in the South in the 1850s? Select one: A. Sexual relations between slave women and their masters B. The success of slave resistance C. Black and white children playing together D. Black evangelical Christianity

D. Black evangelical Christianity

How did planters attempt to resolve a labor crisis in the cotton South in the early nineteenth century? Select one: A. By resorting to buying slaves from the British in Canada B. By beginning to import European peasant immigrants as servants C. By refusing to take part illegally in the international slave trade D. By buying domestic slaves from the Chesapeake region

D. By buying domestic slaves from the Chesapeake region

Which of the following attributes of American society did the planter aristocracy in the South value highly in the mid-nineteenth century? Select one: A. Egalitarian society B. Universal suffrage C. Professional politicians D. Inequality

D. Inequality

Which of the following statements characterizes the planter elite of the Upper South in the early and mid-1800s? Select one: A. Tidewater planters frequently questioned the morality of the domestic slave trade. B. Rice planters, in particular, valued Jeffersonian republican simplicity. C. Planters' embrace of republicanism weakened plantation aristocracy. D. Many elite planters considered themselves benevolent masters.

D. Many elite planters considered themselves benevolent masters.

Which of the following statements characterizes the domestic slave trade in the nineteenth century? Select one: A. The domestic slave trade was outlawed by Congress in 1807. B. The market for domestic slaves declined during the early 1800s. C. It included thousands of Native Americans held as slaves. D. The domestic market brought wealth to American traders.

D. The domestic market brought wealth to American traders.

The cotton boom that began in the 1810s set which of the following results in motion? Select one: A. A wave of European immigration to the South B. The beginnings of a manumission movement in the South C. An increase in the legal importation of slaves D. The redistribution of the African American population

D. The redistribution of the African American population

What prevented white southerners from working to diversify their economy in the nineteenth century? Select one: A. Wealthy southern investors believed agricultural labor was more virtuous than industrial labor. B. Southerners did not want to exploit white workers economically. C. Southerners resisted railroad construction because they believed it would divide large landholdings. D. Wealthy planters believed that the plantation economy would continue to produce wealth indefinitely.

D. Wealthy planters believed that the plantation economy would continue to produce wealth indefinitely.