APUSH: Chapter 24

Herbert Hoover

31st president of the US. Born to Quaker parents of German, Swiss, Canadian, English, and Irish decent, and originally a professor of mining engineer and author.

Jazz Singer

A 1927 American musical film. The first feature-length motion picture with synchronized dialogue sequences. Decline of the silent film era.

Issei

A Japanese language term used in countries in North America, South America, and Australia. This specified the Japanese people as first to immigrate.

Nisei

A Japanese-language term used in countries in North America, South America, and Australia to specify that children born to Japanese people in the new country (who are called Issei). Considered the second generation, and the grandchildren of the Japanese-born immigrants are called Sansei.

Teapot Dome Scandal

A bribery incident that took place in the United States from 1920-1923 during the administration of President Warren G. Harding.

Harlem Renaissance

A cultural movement that spanned the 1920s. Known as the "New Negro Movement", names after the 1925 anthology by Alain Locke.

Lost Generation

A generation that came during the World War I era. The term was popularized by Ernest Hemingway who used it as one of two contrasting epigraphs for his novel, The Sun Also Rises.

National Origins Act of 1924

A law that severely restricted immigration by establishing a system of national quotas that blatantly discriminated against immigrants from southern and eastern Europe and virtually excluded Asians. The policy stayed in effect until the 1960s.

A. Philip Randolph

A leader in the African-American civil-rights movement. He organized and led the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (the first predominantly Black labor union. He led the March on Washington Movement- this convinced President Roosevelt to issue the Executive Order 8802 in 1941, banning discrimination in the defense industries during WWII.

Scopes "Monkey Trial"

AKA The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes; a famous American legal case in 1925. High school teacher, John Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which made it unlawful to teach evolution in any state-funded school.

Ku Klux Klan

Advocated extremist reactionary currents such as white supremacy, white nationalism, and anti-immigration, historically expressed through terrorism; it's also an anti-communist group.

Margaret Sanger

An American birth control activist, sex educator, and nurse. She popularized the term birth control, opened the first birth control clinic in the US, and established Planned Parenthood. Her efforts contributed to the landmark US Supreme Court case, which legalized contraception in the US.

HL Mencken

An American journalist, essayist, magazine editor, satirist, critic of American like and culture, and scholar of American English. Known as the "Sage of Baltimore" and is regarded as one of the most influential American writers and prose stylists of the first half of the 20th century

Langston Hughes

An American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist. One of the earliest innovators of the then-new literary art form jazz poetry.

Al Smith

An American statesman who was elected Governor of New York four times and was the Democratic US presidential candidate in 1928. He was the foremost urban leader of the efficiency-oriented Progressive Movement and was noted for achieving a wide range of reforms as Tammany Hall machine that controlled the Manhattan politics- strong opponent of prohibition and was the first Roman Catholic nominee for President.

Alain Locke

An American writer, philosopher, and educator, and patron of the arts who published The Black 100. He was ranked as the 36th most influential African American ever.

American Plan

Refers to a 1920s plan for eliminating closed shop unions. The term that most US employers in the 1920s used to describe their policy of refusing to negotiate with unions. The policy promotes union-free "open shops"- workers would not be required to join a labor union.

Welfare Capitalism

Refers to capitalist economies that include collective-bargaining agreements between very successful employers and labor unions on employee wages and working conditions, and other active concern for the welfare of various social groupings such as by laws and social-security programs.

Parity

Used to justify agricultural price controls in the US in the beginning in the 1920s. The belief that farming should be as profitable as it was between 1909 and 1914. An era of high food process and farm prosperity.