APUSH Chapter 31

Persian Gulf War

(1990 - 1991) Conflict between Iraq and a coalition of countries led by the United States to remove Iraqi forces from Kuwait which they had invaded in hopes of controlling their oil supply. A very one sided war with the United States' coalition emerging victorious.

Defense of Marriage Act

(1996) Defines marriage as man-woman. No state is forced to recognize same-sex marriage (unconstitutional exception to full faith & credit clause?)

Whitewater

(WJC) an Ame political controversy that began with the real estate dealings of Bill and Hillary Clinton and their associates, [Jim and Susan McDougal] in the Whitewater Development Corporation, a failed business venture. David Hale, the source of criminal allegations against Clinton, claimed in November 1993 that Bill, while govnr of AK, pressured him to provide an illegal $300,000 loan to Susan McDougal, Kenneth Starr major player

Operation Desert Storm

1991 air attack operation launched by George H.W. Bush after Iraq invaded Kuwait; Iraq's attempted retaliation caused defeated & Iraq was soon forced to sign a ceasefire agreement with the US

Silicon Valley

A nickname for the Southern part of San Francisco Bay Area in the northern California, originally referring to the concentration of silicon chip innovators and manufacturers, but eventually referring to the concentration of all types of high-tech businesses

Multiculturalism

A perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of the United States and promoting equal standing for all cultural traditions

NAFTA

A trade agreement between Canada, the United States and Mexico that encourages free trade between these North American countries.

Gramm-Rudman

Also known as Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Act, this act mandates maximum allowable deficits until 1991 when the budget should balance. It was abandoned in 1991.

Oklahoma City Bombing

Bombing of Murrah Federal Building. The blast, set off by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, killed 168 people, including 19 children in the building's day-care center.

Proposition 187

California measure designed to deny welfare and other benefits to illegal aliens. Overwhelmingly passed the popular vote, but overturned in federal court because it extending beyond the bounds of state rights to attempt to control immigration.

Global Community

Economically, socially and politically interdependent world closely connected by modern telecommunication technologies

911

Elaborate terrorist attack masterminded by Bin Laden directed at the world trade center , pentagon, and U.S. capital

WACO

Federal siege of Branch Davidian (cult) that resulted in the deaths of many of the members of church during the Clinton era. Used by Timothy McVeigh bombing of the Federal building in Oklahoma in 1995.

"Contract with America"

In the 1994 congressional elections, Congressman Newt Gingrich had Republican candidates sign a document in which they pledged their support for such things as a balanced budget amendment, term limits for members of Congress, and a middle-class tax cut.

Bosnia-Kosovo

Independence movements of Yugoslav provinces of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, and Kosovo; Serbia supported by Russian in these wars that took place in the 1990s; two of Yugoslav provinces vying for independence; a process in which hundreds of thousands of members of ethnic and religious minorities were killed. Yugoslavic breakup

New Immigration

The New Immigrates in the 1980's and 1990's came from Asia, Latin America and mostly from Mexico. These new immigrates came for many of the same reasons that the old immigrates came such as growth in population, and to look for jobs. They mostly settled in the Southwest. During this time nearly a million people came to America each year.

WTO

The World Trade Organization - an international body that enforces agreements that reduce barriers to international trade; successor to the GATT

Tech Boom

The economy got better in the 90's as new markets opened due to things like CD's, DVD's, internet, computers, cell phones, etc.

WTC '93

Truck bomb in garage of world trade building

Rodney King

Truck driver whose beating by Los Angeles police eventually led to the Los Angeles riots of 1992

Iraq War

War between Iraq and Iran that was started in September of 1980 by Saddam Hussein when he decided to invade the country. The primary goal was to seize control over Iran's oil facilities.

Global Warming

a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants.

2000 Election

supreme court delares Bush beats Gore, Gore won more popular vote, last state was Florida-had to do a recount, Democrats wanted recount, Supreme court voted 5-4 to stop counting, A small number of votes can determine an election's outcome