APUSH chapter 5
Stamp Act
1763 to 1766- printed documents issued only on special stampered paper purchased from stamp distributors-> colonial protest changed from a gentry movement to a mass protest by common citizens and Massachusetts called for a ____ Congress 1765 to petition king and parliament for a repeal
Sugar Act
1764- revised duties on sugar, coffee, tea, wine, other imports; expanded jurisdiction of viscerally courts-> colonists react by creating assemblies for protest taxation for British revenue
Townshend Act
1767-1770; new duties on glass, lead, paper, paints, tea, customs collections tightened in america-> non-importation of British goods; assemblies protest; newspapers attack british policy
Boston Massacre
1770- British soldiers fired into a crowd of snow-ball throwing colonists; revealed the deterioration of Anglo-American relations
Tea Act
1773- parliaments gives East India Company right to sell tea directly to Americans some duties on tea reduced-> protests against favoritism shown monopolistic company; Boston Tea Party
Prohibitory Act
1773- restricts colonists from trading with anyone; english blockaded colonial ports and seized american ships; hired German mercenaries (Hessians) to fight the rebellion; royal governors urged slaves to rebel against their masters-> Drives Continental Congress closer to decision for independence
The Boston Tea Party
1773- this event was a reaction to the tea act and Americans interpreted this act as a subtle ploy to get them to buy taxed tea and boston protesters dumped a shipment of boston tea into boston harbor
Coercive Acts (intolerable acts)
1774- closes port of Boston, restructures Massachusetts government, restricts town meetings, troops quartered in Boston, British officials accused of crimes sent to England or Canada for trial-> boycott of British goods; first continental congress convenes
Quebec Act
1774- created gov for newly ceded Canada but it lacked a colonial assembly; colonists interpreted this as a final proof of parliamentary plot to enslave america; Canada extended into the Ohio valley and Mississippi which threatened all colonists
The Shot Heard Around the World
1775- a skirmish broke out in Lexington Massachusetts: fighting by colonial "minutemen" and British soldiers between Lexington, Concord, and Boston became the first exchange of hostilities between the English & Americans
Second Continental Congress
1775- met to direct the war: appointed Washington to lead continental army; began purchasing war supplies; did not declare independence (delegates were careful to be seen as an expression of colonial opinion, not as factional coup d'etat)
First Continental Congress
55 delegates met in Philadelphia in 1774 in response to the coercive acts; Suffolk Resolves urged forcible resistance to the coercive acts; formed an inter-colonial "association" to enforce a boycott with Britain until the coercive acts were repealed
Boycotting British Goods
Apart from respectfully requesting a repeal of the Stamp Act, what else did influential Americans suggest for peaceful resistance in 1765?
Insistence on constitutional limitations of royal power
Colonial opponents of the Stamp Act drew on which of the following political traditions from the Radical Whig influence in English politics?
Americans were divided in their opinions of George III.
How did Americans feel about King George III in the spring of 1775?
The colonists had virtual representation in Parliament.
How did British politicians respond to Benjamin Franklin's argument that Americans deserved representation in Parliament before they could be taxed?
He proposed the Currency Act
How did Prime Minister George Grenville first try to address the revenue problem with the American colonies?
By smuggling French molasses
How had Boston merchant John Hancock made his fortune?
Rotten boroughs
In 1763, Radical Whigs launched a campaign to reform Parliament by abolishing tiny districts that were controlled by wealthy aristocrats and merchants. What were these districts known as?
Acknowledge parliamentary supremacy and provide revenue
In 1775, what did William Pitt propose that American colonists should do in exchange for Parliament renouncing its power to tax the colonies and its recognition of the Continental Congress as a lawful body?
Helping British troops expected to arrive in Virginia
In November 1773, a group of African American slaves in Virginia planned to use what strategy to try to win their freedom?
Battle of Lexington
On April 18, 1775, General Thomas Gage dispatched 700 British soldiers to capture colonial leaders and supplies at Concord. But before they could reach Concord, colonial militiamen met the British forces at Lexington. The British retreated to Boston, suffering additional casualties.
Declaratory Act
Parliament declares its sovereignty over the colonies "in all cases whatsoever"-> colonists ignored in celebration over repeal of stamp act
allowing colonial trade with the French West Indies and imposing a lower but more strictly enforced duty on French molasses.
The British ministry shrewdly drafted the Sugar Act of 1764 with the intention of
Roman Catholicism in 1774
The Quebec Act allowed practice of which religion in Quebec?
The East India Company. The act provided financial relief for the royally chartered private corporation that served as an instrument of British imperialism.
The Tea Act of 1773 benefited which group?
Boston Massacre
The failure of England to remove the army from Boston heightened English-American tensions led to what event
centralization of the empire in the hands of imperial officials
The major transformation of the British Empire following the Seven Years' War can best be characterized as a(n)
Lexington
The onset of war between Great Britain and the mainland colonies began with a skirmish between British troops and American colonials where?
Excise levies
To help pay the enlarged British national debt in the 1760s, Parliament passed an increase in sales taxes also known as what?
Boston
To support British authority and to ensure collection of taxes on imports, Lord Hillsborough in 1768 stationed 2,000 British troops in which city, raising the specter of military coercion?
True
True of False: a difference between sugar act and navigation acts was the sugar act was an attempt to raise revenue and navigational acts were based on mercantilism
True
True or False: Stamp Act led to first real colonial protest against new British controls
Thomas Hutchinson
Two weeks after the Stamp Act went into effect, a Boston mob attacked the house of which lieutenant governor, who was a defender of social privilege and imperial authority?
Colonial Resentment
Ultimately led to American Revolution
Proclamation of 1763
Under which policy did the British prohibit white settlement west of the frontier line along the Appalachians?
Parliament could bypass colonial assemblies and impose an internal tax on the colonies.
What constitutional principle was Parliament asserting with passage of the Stamp Act?
He failed to exploit the divisions among the Patriots.
What was George III's political failure in handling the rebellion among American colonists?
The Enlightenment
What was the chief philosophical influence for Thomas Jefferson's draft of the Declaration of Independence?
To free royal officials from financial dependence on the American legislatures
What was the primary purpose of the Townshend Act of 1767?
William Pitt
Which British political leader was the only one who openly supported a proposal made by Benjamin Franklin for American representation in Parliament?
Stamp Act
Which act led to mob riots to force tax collectors to resign and boycott of British goods which mobilized women who were in charge of the home and dictated what families bought
Quebec act
Which act of 1774 extended legal recognition to Roman Catholics in French regions of Canada, stirring old religious hatreds between Catholics and Protestants, especially in New England?
North Carolina
Which of these British colonies sent representatives to the First Continental Congress?
George Grenville
Which prime minister presided over British attempts to reform the colonial system in America after the Great War for Empire?
The Middle Atlantic colonies
Which region of colonial America held out for a political compromise with Great Britain after the enactment of the Coercive Acts?
He proved an ineffective leader.
Which statement describes King George III during the colonial period?
He was as willing to defy the crown for his own advancement as he was likely to clash with the House of Burgesses.
Which statement describes Lord Dunmore, the royal governor of Virginia in the early 1770s?
The proposal to create a continental army barely passed
Which statement describes the decision of the Continental Congress to form an army?
They wanted to preserve their families' property and independence.
Which statement explains the fact that more than three-fourths of the voters of Long Island did not want to send a delegate to New York's Provincial Congress in 1775?
John Dickinson
Who authored Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania, which contended that the taxes passed by Parliament were being imposed without Americans' consent?
Britain's poor and middling classes
Who did Parliament decide to tax first when the British Empire found itself deep in debt in the wake of the Great War for Empire (1754-1763)?
The British said they would enforce the law more vigorously than before.
Why did American merchants resent the Sugar Act even though it reduced the tariff on French molasses?
North argued that it was foolish to tax British exports to America.
Why did Lord North ask for a repeal of the Townshend duties in 1770?
They feared that British troops would move to seize Patriot armories
Why did Patriots in Concord form the Minutemen in 1774?
They feared that resistance to Britain was the beginning of broader anarchy.
Why did a good number of men of the upper classes fear the Patriot movement?
Many were deeply in debt to British merchants and, as masters of their domains, resented this financial dependence
Why did southern slave owners join the cause of the largely urban-led Patriot movement?
Budget cuts forced the move.
Why did the British abandon Fort Pitt in October 1772?
He feared the end of the British laboring class
Why did the British secretary of state for American affairs Lord Hillsborough favor a permanent Proclamation Line to the west of the colonies?
They had long planned to expand into the Ohio River Valley
Why did the Quebec Act anger land speculators in Virginia?
They claimed that a large, expensive government placed the nation at the mercy of banks and financiers.
Why did the Radical Whigs criticize the increased size of the British government created to enforce new tax laws in the 1760s?
They feared that they too might end up in court for their indebtedness
Why did the Virginia gentry support the demands of yeomen farmers to close the law courts in 1774?
The colonies' nonimportation agreement was taking its toll.
Why did the mainland colonies achieve a trade surplus with Britain in 1769?
They objected to the Sugar Act on constitutional grounds.
Why did the political allies of New England merchants object to the Sugar Acts?
Their landlords were Patriots
Why did the tenant farmers of the Hudson River Valley in New York support the king?
He tried to impose his will on Parliament but in the process only created political confusion.
Why was King George III an ineffective leader?
He directly attacked George III for supporting the legislation.
Why was Patrick Henry's attack against the Stamp Act so radical?
Pennsylvania had organized local governments in that region.
Why was Pennsylvania's claim on the region around Fort Pitt more compelling than Virginia's? .
They suspected that Patriot leaders only sought to advance their own selfish interests.
Why were many American colonists skeptical of the Patriot movement?
They had spent lavishly on an extravagant lifestyle.
Why were so many members of the Virginia gentry deeply in debt on the eve of the American Revolution?
They had been paid in land warrants and hoped to benefit from those grants.
Why were veteran officers of the Seven Years' War interested in westward expansion?
Stamp Act
by taxing marriage licenses, property deeds, and playing cards, this duty affected common folks
Coercive Acts
closed the port of boston until destroyed tea was payed for and New England, Middle, and Southern colonies rallied to support Boston
Quartering Act
colonists must supply British troops with housing other items (candles, firewood, etc)-> colonists react by protest in assemblies, New York Assembly punished for failure to comply
French & Indian War
forced England to reexamine its colonial policies
5
how many colonists were killed in Boston Massacre
Chief Minister George Grenville
issued stamp act, sugar act, quartering act, and currency act
Proclamation of 1763
prohibited white settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains. Enforcing this agreement was one of the reasons for deploying a peacetime British army in America.
Excise levies
sales taxes on goods such as salt and beer, bricks and candles, and paper.
it placed internal taxes
the colonists took the townshend acts less seriously than the stamp act because
disrupted fur trade between french and indians
the english colonist's westward expansion _____
Lord North
this person repealed Townshend Acts in 1770 except a tax on tea- this defused tensions and most american backed off radical protests except sons of liberty
Townshend Duties
which act did the colonies begin communicating via committees of correspondence
Townshend Acts
which act did the sons of liberty (NY) organize a boycott of British goods and issued a circular letter from the Massachusetts house of reps to protest the _________ and the letter was later considered an act of treason and the Massachusetts colonial assembly was dissolved
Declaratory Act
which act was in response to the repeal of the stamp act?
