APUSH Chapter 9 and 10 Terms

Erie Canal

A 364-mile waterway connecting the Hudson River and Lake Erie. Was possible due to the heavy support from New York merchants, the New York governor, and the labor of thousands of Irish immigrant who built it. It brought prosperity to farmers of New York and allowed manufactures to ship downriver.

Waltham-Lowell System

A system of labor using young women recruited from farm families to work in factories. The women who lived in company boardinghouses with strict rules and curfews and were often required to attend church.

Francis Cabot Lowell

A wealthy Boston merchant who toured British textile mills, secretly making detailed drawings of them. He later had mechanics copy the machines for use in America.

Expansion of Franchise

Allowed more people to able to vote. Dramatically symbolized the Democratic Revolution.

Election of 1828

Andrew Jackson beat John Quincy Adams. Jackson's campaign was based more on directly appealing to the people.

"Corrupt Bargain"

Term used by Jackson's supporters for the appointment by President John Quincy Adams of Henry Clay as his Secretary of State, the traditional stepping-stone to the presidency.

Unions

Organizations of workers formed to bargain with employers over wages, hours, benefits, and control of the work place.

Industrial Revolution

1790-1860. A burst of major inventions and economic expansion based on water and steam power and the use of machine technology that transformed certain industries, such as cotton textiles and iron.

Railroad Boom of 1850s

1830-1850. Boom in railroad construction made travel and shipping faster and easier

The Nullification Crisis

1832-1833. Showdown between President Andrew Jackson and the South Carolina legislature, which declared the 1832 tariff null and void in the state and threatened secession if the federal government tried to collect duties. It was resolved by a compromise negotiated by Henry Clay in 1833

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Created the Indian Territory on national lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase. It promised money and reserved land to Native Americans who would give up their ancestral holdings east of the Mississippi River.

Tariff of Abomination

Enacted in 1828 to raise duties on raw materials, textiles, and iron goods.

Eli Whitney

Invented the cotton gin and machine tools that could rapidly produce interchangeable musket parts. A key innovator during the Industrial Revolution.

Trail of Tears

The forced westward journey of Cherokees from their lands in Georgia to present day Oklahoma in 1838. 14,000 had to march 1,200 miles. 3,000 died.

Henry Clay's "American System"

The mercantilism system of national economic development, with a national bank to manage the nation's financial system. Clay wanted to strengthen the Second Bank and raise tariffs in order to finance internal improvements such as roads and canals. Won support in the West.

The Bank War

The name given to the campaign run by Andrew Jackson in 1833. He was determined to get rid of the Second Bank.

Andrew Jackson

The seventh President of United States (1829-1837), who was a genera; in the War of 1812 and defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As President he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the rights of individual states to nullify federal laws, and increased the presidential powers.

John C. Calhoun

The seventh Vice President of the United States and a leading politician from South Carolina during the first half of the 19th century. He was an advocate of slavery, states' rights, limited government, and nullification. Anonymously wrote 'Exposition'.

Spoils System

Van Buren's patronage system, which allowed men to appoint their friends into office.

Whigs

Wanted a political world dominated by men of ability and wealth and advocated an elite based on talent, not birth. Celebrated the entreupeuner and the enterprising individual. Accused Jackson of violating the Constitution.

Election of 1824

With no absolute majority the House had to decide the President. Henry Clay used his power as Speaker to gather a coalition of representatives that voted Adams into power.