APUSH chapter 9

The subsequent unsuccessful efforts to revive the national bank in the 1830 s and 1840s

proved to be problematic when the nation experienced another financial panic in 18 37 and there was no national financial entity to help stabilize the economy.

The decision of the U.S. Senate to censure President Jackson over his actions in destroying the national bank

had no measurable effect on the president's ability to enact legislation or manage Congressional affairs during the remainder of his presidency.

The Mormon belief that prompted decades of political persecutions by state and federal government authorities and organized violence against Mormons was

The Book of Mormon replacing the New Testament as the revealed word of Jesus Christ.

Roman Catholics were especially displeased with the growing influence and cost of the public school system because of the following EXCEPT

They were prohibited by state laws from establishing their own parochial school systems at their own expense

Ralph Waldo Emerson's mature religious beliefs are most closely associated with

Transcendentalism.

Horace Mann favored raising tax rates to a sufficient level and advocated state-sponsored teacher preparation schools to improve the conditions of the public schools in Massachusetts (T or F)

True

President Andrew Jackson's "Indian Removal" policy represented a complete overturning of the sovereign treaty rights protecting the Native American homelands of the Cherokee Nation. (T or F)

True

in formulating political goals and strategies, President Jackson surrounded himself with what came to be known as his

"Kitchen Cabinet", long-time friends and informal advisors who worked closely with the president to advance his policy goals and political ambitions, often bypassing the authority of appointed Cabinet secretaries and federal officials.

What was the most exceptional characteristic of the Oneida Community among the new religious communities that had roots in the Second Great Awakening?

A theological belief in and practice of "complex marriage," involving the replacement of monogamy with men and women having many different sexual companions.

The Mormon leader who led Mormons in 1847 to the shores of the Great Salt Lake to be free of any government authority to establish settlements was

Brigham Young.

Which of the following best describes the approach of Charles G. Finney's preaching and revivalism in upstate New York?

Egalitarian and logical

The nullification crisis did NOT foretell the likelihood of future state and regional challenges to the political unity and economic cohesiveness of the United States. (T or F)

False

The presence of women as teachers in the public schools decreased in the 1830s, despite the efforts of women reformers such as Catherine Beecher and Emma Willard

False

Utopian religious communities played an insignificant role in the religious enthusiasm and untraditional ways of religious thinking that swept through America during the early 1800s. (T or F)

False

Emma Willard played an important role in education reform in the 1820s and 1830s by

Founding the Troy Female Seminary in 1821 to prepare women to be teachers through a rigorous curriculum that included courses on how to teach

The leader of the Transcendental Club and the founder of Brook Farm was

George Ripley.

Which state took the lead in seizing Indian lands in the 1820s?

Georgia

What was the most legitimate argument that planters in South Carolina made against the 1828 tariff known as the Tariff of Abominations?

It was uneven and obviously unfair in the industries and regions it protected, disproportionately raising the cost of living in South Carolina by 20 percent.

the state where Horace Mann initially focused his efforts to develop a system of public education was

Massachusetts

South Carolina became the center of the political advocacy for the right of states to declare any federal law null and void-i.e., nullification-for these reasons EXCEPT

Notable South Carolinian politicians serving in Congress such as Calhoun believed that secession was the preferred course of action, but adopted the compromise political position of nullification to give President Jackson a chance to preserve the Union.

What was the primary reason for President Jackson opposing the Second Bank of the United States?

President Jackson's populist base of political support was among the common people who despised banks and Jackson could do something about the national bank, in contrast to state banks.

Which of the following assessments represents the most accurate analysis of the outcome of the nullification crisis?

President Jackson's victory in the nullification battle represented an incomplete political victory because the hard-fought compromise on the tariff and the decision of South Carolina to nullify the "Force Bill" illustrated that while the supremacy of the federal government remained intact, the affection for greater state government authority and independence from the federal government remained strong in key parts of the South.

How did the political nullification crisis between the U.S. government and South Carolina finally get resolved?

The Congressional passage of a bill authorizing federal military force against South Carolina and, most importantly, a political tariff compromise enacted by Congress in 1833 that provided reductions in the tariff rates of goods important to South Carolinians and southerners, at large, led South Carolina to back down from its nullification threats.

President Andrew Jackson's strong defense of Rebecca Eaton, the wife of his secretary of defense, John Eaton, against the personal and slanderous attacks leveled by the Washington, DC political and social elites was an early source of personal friction between President Jackson and Senator John Calhoun of South Carolina. (T or F)

True

The cross-continent trek by Brigham Young to the shores of the Great Salt Lake in what is now Utah was designed to permit the Mormons to establish settlements in a tight, church-related community far from any governmental authority seeking to enforce civil laws against polygamy. (T or F)

True

The description of Christianity in America as a "democratic and republican religion" by Alexis de Tocqueville in the 1830s could be closely associated with populist and democratic political developments in a freer, individualistic Jacksonian America. (T or F)

True

The transmission of a moral code based on mainstream Protestant values was one of the key goals and objectives of Horace Mann and other school reformers in the 1820s and 1830s (T or F)

True

Where was the "burned-over district," described as such because of the fires of religious enthusiasm that rolled over the region?

Upstate New York in the area along the Erie Canal

What did Lyman Beecher help launch in the 1820s and 1830s to advance moral reform in New England and the nation?

Voluntary societies composed of members of several different Protestant religious beliefs

Ralph Waldo Emerson's writings and the Transcendental movement he helped launch reflected

a desire for direct and immediate personal experience of the divine.

The belief of Horace Mann and his educational reform colleagues that the public school had to be the moral guradian of the American society reflected

a distinctly Whig sensibility and moral outlook

Which of the following defined the spoils system under President Jackson

a patronage system in which a political party rewards a candidate's supporters with government jobs.

The following beliefs were held and manifested in the Shaker community EXCEPT

a refusal to accept new members as converts.

The most notable and widely circulated sermons of Rev. Lyman Beecher during the Second Awakening involved

his sermons preaching temperance or abstaining from alcohol.

The Trail of Tears

involved the deadly forced march of 12,000 Cherokee Indians from their homelands in Georgia thousands of miles west to new territory in Oklahoma, resulting in the deaths of perhaps 4,000 Cherokee men, women, and children.

The reform causes that sprang from the revivalism of the Second Great Awakening included the following EXCEPT

labor reforms and unionism.

By the end of the 1830s

only the Iroquois in New York, a few Cherokees in North Carolina, and scattered small organized Indian communities such as the Seminoles remained of the Indians living east of the Mississippi.

The massachusetts Board of Education's full-time paid secretary Horace Mann spent his state government career advocating for all of the following EXCEPT

private college-sponsored teacher preparation schools called "normal schools" that offered privately-funded preparation to any young woman or man who wanted to be a teacher

The following interests generally opposed the tariff of 1828 EXCEPT

producers of molasses, hemp, iron, and wool in the mid-Atlantic states.

The forced removal of the Cherokees from their native lands was historically exceptional and aroused opposition among many Americans because it involved an Indian tribal nation

that had adopted many white ways and customs, intermarried with whites, and created a sophisticated political, economic, and social culture.

The following statements were true about the McGuffey Readers EXCEPT

the Readers turned out to be very unpopular with school districts because their stories and readings were not accessible to students

The foremost constitutional challenge to the authority of the federal government faced by President Jackson during his tenure as president was

the asserted right of nullification by political leaders in South Carolina, which was a constitutional doctrine stating that each state had the unilateral right to declare a national law null and void within its borders.

the following were arguments advanced by educational reformer Catherine Beecher for more women being encouraged to enter the teaching profession EXCEPT

the disorganization and incompetence in local schools proved that men were ill-equipped to manage and teach in schools

The passage of the Indian Removal Act of 1830, in effect, represented the following EXCEPT

the end of any political or legal efforts by the Cherokees to defend and assert their claims to their historic native lands.

The "Indian Removal" policy of President Andrew Jackson involved the following EXCEPT

the eventual repeal of the Indian Removal Act of 1830.

According to Mormon theology, the rebirth of a true Christianity occurred when

the founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints, Joseph Smith, discovered, translated, and published the Book of Mormon in 1830, and organized the first Mormon community near Palmyra, New York.

The causes for the failure of Robert Owen's utopian New Harmony Community in New Harmony, Indiana in the 1820s included the following EXCEPT

the local authorities in Indiana harassed and criminally prosecuted New Harmony leaders and members.

The characteristics of Brook Farm included the following EXCEPT

the long-term success, health, and welfare of this farming community well into the early 1860s.

The election campaign of 1832 became dominated by the issue of

the political dispute between Congressional supporters of rechartering the Second Bank of the United States and President Jackson.

The revivalism of the Second Great Awakening ignited a wide diversity of reform movements in the United States including women's rights, abolitionism, prison reform, mental illness treatment, and temperance. (T or F)

true

the McGuffey Readers

urged students to learn a common American English in the spelling and pronunciation of key terms in a text

The fierce political battle over the tariffs and nullification between South Carolina Senator John Calhoun and President Jackson in the late 1820s and early 1830s

was prompted, in part, because Calhoun's political evolution had led him to become the nation's strongest defender of states' rights against federal government authority, requiring him to take an uncompromising and challenging stand against the tariffs and Jackson's presidential authority to enforce federal laws in every state.

Many of the most prominent education reformers of the 1820s nd 1830s

were Whigs who believed that they could organize schools to build a new American culture that was better than the Jacksonian democracy which they believed was too individualistic and unlikely to transmit the kind of moral code essential to a well-regulated life

The efforts of the president of the Second Bank of the United States, Nicholas Biddle, to save the national bank in spite of President Jackson's vetoing of the bank rechartering bill in 1832

were fatally undermined when Jackson's treasury secretary, Roger Taney, deposited government income exclusively into state banks, shrinking the federal government's accounts in the national bank to the point at which it eventually was forced to close.

In Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) and Worcester v. Georgia (1832), the U.S. Supreme Court's decisions

were ignored by President Jackson who declined to enforce the court decisions protecting Cherokee Indian lands under their treaty rights with the U.S. government.