apush cumulative apc

"As the early years at Hull House show, female participation in that area of reform grew out of a set of needs and values peculiar to middle-class women in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Settlement workers did not set out to become reformers. They were rather women trying to fulfill existing social expectations for self-sacrificing female service while at the same time satisfying their need for public recognition, authority, and independence. In the process of attempting to weave together a life of service and professional accomplishment, they became reformers as the wider world defined them." — Robyn Muncy, historian, Creating a Female Dominion in American Reform, 1890-1935, published in 1991 Which of the following was the most direct effect of the trend described in the excerpt? A The development of the Progressive movement to address social problems associated with industrial society B The emergence of the Populist Party's efforts to increase the role of government in the economy C The election of large numbers of women to political offices D The increased participation of women in factory work

A

After the Revolution, the concept of the "republican mother" suggested that A women would be responsible for raising their children, especially their sons, to be virtuous citizens of the young republic B voting would soon become a privilege granted to educated and/or married women C the first duty of mothers was to serve the needs of government D wives and mothers would be welcome in the emerging political parties E women's virtues had been the inspiration for the ideals of the Revolution

A

The 1896 Supreme Court decision Plessy v. Ferguson did which of the following? A Upheld segregated railroad facilities. B Declared civil rights legislation unconstitutional. C Upheld literacy testing as a condition of voting in federal elections. D Outlawed segregation in public schools. E Restricted the right to purchase or sell land.

A

The Dawes Act (1887) did which of the following? A Divided Native American tribal lands into individual holdings. B Promoted the preservation of Native American cultural identity. C Granted immediate citizenship to Native Americans. D Set up the reservation system. E Forbade the use of Native American languages in public sch

A

The Palmer Raids of 1919 were conducted against A suspected communists and anarchists B Republicans bitterly opposed to the Wilson administration C alleged financial backers of Marcus Garvey D labor organizers for the American Federation of Labor E White racist organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan

A

The Republican party originated in the mid-1850's as a sectional party committed to which of the following? A Opposition to the further extension of slavery into the territories B Immediate emancipation of the slaves C Repeal of Whig economic policies D Restriction of immigration E Acknowledgement of popular sovereignty as the basis for organizing federal territories

A

The Supreme Court's decision in the Dred Scott case in 1857 effectively repealed the A Missouri Compromise B Fugitive Slave Act C Ostend Manifesto D Wilmot Proviso E Eleventh Amendment to the Constitution

A

The cartoon above is a commentary on late-nineteenth-century A municipal corruption B imperialism C labor unrest D business monopolies E civil-rights campaigns

A

The intent of the Dawes Act of 1887 was to A assimilate American Indians into the mainstream of American culture B recognize and preserve the tribal cultures of American Indians C legally establish the communal nature of American Indian landholding D restore to American Indians land seized unjustly E remove all American Indians to the Indian Territory (Oklahoma)

A

Under the Articles of Confederation the United States central government had no power to A levy taxes B make treaties C declare war D request troops from states E amend the Articles

A

Which of the following best accounts for the success of the American Federation of Labor in organizing labor in the late 1800s? A Its policy of organizing only skilled craftsmen B Its organization of all workers within a single industry into one union C Its policy of racial inclusiveness D Its campaign for a minimum wage E Its active recruitment of immigrant workers

A

Which of the following describes "the Lowell system" in early nineteenth-century New England? A A plan to promote and expand textile manufacturing activities B An agreement among the New England states to secede and for a New England confederacy C A reform eliminating property-holding as a qualification for voting D A strategy to defend New England during the War of 1812 E A congressional reappointment plan during the 1820's

A

Which of the following emerged during the Progressive Era as the most influential advocate of full political, economic, and social equality for Black Americans? A W. E. B. Du Bois B Frederick Douglass C Booker T. Washington D Ida B. Wells E Langston Hughes

A

Which of the following generalizations can be supported by the information provided in the map above? A Frontier life tended to promote the acceptance of greater political equality for women. B Fewer women lived in the southeastern states than in other parts of the country; therefore, suffrage was less of an issue. C None of the states of the Confederacy granted votes to women before 1920. D The Seneca Falls Movement resulted in gains in the area of political and legal rights for women. E States that made free public education a priority led the way in extending the vote to women.

A

Which of the following was true of the settlement house workers of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? A They included large numbers of middle-class, college-educated women. B They devised programs that departed radically from those of English settlement houses. C They established settlement houses in middle-class environments. D They avoid political involvement. E They endeavored to suppress immigrant cultures.

A

"As the early years at Hull House show, female participation in that area of reform grew out of a set of needs and values peculiar to middle-class women in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Settlement workers did not set out to become reformers. They were rather women trying to fulfill existing social expectations for self-sacrificing female service while at the same time satisfying their need for public recognition, authority, and independence. In the process of attempting to weave together a life of service and professional accomplishment, they became reformers as the wider world defined them." — Robyn Muncy, historian, Creating a Female Dominion in American Reform, 1890-1935, published in 1991 Women working in settlement houses such as Hull House initially sought to help A formerly enslaved men and women adjust to life after slavery B immigrants adapt to American customs and language C farmers fight unfair banking practices D American Indians resist encroachment on their lands

B

Constitutional amendments enacted during the Progressive Era concerned all of the following EXCEPT A imposition of an income tax B imposition of poll taxes C extension of suffrage to women D prohibition of the sale of alcoholic beverages E procedures for electing United States senators

B

In the period 1890-1915, all of the following were generally true about African Americans EXCEPT: A Voting rights previously gained were denied through changes in state laws and constitutions. B The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) endorsed the Back-to-Africa movement. C African American leaders disagreed on the principal strategy for attaining equal rights. D Numerous African Americans were lynched, and mob attacks on African American individuals occurred in both the North and the South. E African Americans from the rural South migrated to both southern and northern cities.

B

The "Three-Fifths Compromise" originally contained in the Constitution referred to the A proportion of states permitted to practice slavery B rate at which one slave counted toward congressional representation C number of African Americans who could vote D number of adult women who could vote E number of American Indians allowed citizenship

B

The opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 was important because it A established the role of the federal government in internal improvements B strengthened the ties between the eastern manufacturing and western agricultural regions C made the invention of the steamboat economically viable D spurred innovation in the railroad industry E was the last major canal project before the Civil War

B

The primary purpose of the Proclamation of 1763 was to A encourage westward colonial migration B avoid conflict with the trans-Appalachian Indians C gain much-needed revenue D drive out French colonists E provide a haven for Catholics

B

The purpose of the Liberty Loan Campaign illustrated in the drawing above was to A encourage young men to enlist in the army B finance American involvement in the First World War C support the establishment of Boy Scout troops throughout the nation D aid in the implementation of New Deal programs E support funding for Franklin Roosevelt's Lend-Lease program

B

When war broke out in Europe in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson established a policy that called for A immediate American aid to the Allied powers B acknowledgment of American neutral rights on the high seas C American trade with Europe on a cash-and-carry basis only D a strict embargo on trade with all warring nations E strict prohibition of American travel on the ships of belligerents

B

Which of the following best accounts for the curve on the graph above depicting immigration to the United States from Asia, Africa and the Americas between 1882 and 1900? A Rapid expansion of the British Empire into the Southern Hemisphere B Restrictive congressional legislation C Immigration to less-settled areas of the world D Improved worldwide economic conditions E Reduction of potential immigrant populations by widespread epidemics

B

Which of the following statement about the Dred Scott decision is correct? A It recognized the power of Congress to prohibit slavery in the territories, but refused on technical grounds to free Scott. B It stated that Black people were not citizens of the United States. C It upheld the constitutionality of the Missouri Compromise. D It upheld the principle of popular sovereignty. E It freed Scott, but not other slaves in circumstances similar to Scott'S.

B

Which of the following states the principle of "popular sovereignty?" A Congress has the right to decide where slavery shall and shall not exist. B The settlers in a given territory have the sole right to decide whether or not slavery will be permitted there. C Individual citizens can decide for themselves whether or not to hold slaves. D The American people shall decide where slavery will exist through a national plebiscite. E Individual states have the right to reject congressional decisions pertaining to slavery.

B

"Competition is a law of nature . . . and can no more be done away with than gravitation. . . . [I]f we do not like survival of the fittest, we have only one possible alternative, survival of the unfittest. The former is the law of civilization, the latter is the law of anti-civilization." The quote above is an example of which of the following schools of thought? A Dialectical materialism B Utopian socialism C Social Darwinism D Transcendentalism E Existentialism

C

"This, then, is held to be the duty of the man of wealth: to consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer and strictly bound as a matter of duty to administer in the manner which, in his judgment, is best calculated to produce the most beneficial results for the community—the man of wealth thus becoming the mere agent and trustee for his poorer brethren.'' These sentiments are most characteristic of A transcendentalism B pragmatism C the Gospel of Wealth D the Social Gospel E Reform Darwinism

C

"We believe that the time has come when the railroad corporations will either own the people or the people must own the railroads ... We demand a national currency, safe, sound, and flexible ... We demand a graduated income tax ... We demand a free ballot." Which of the following groups included the passage above in its platform? A American Federation of Labor B Union-Labor Party C People's Party (Populists) D National Grange E Democratic Party

C

"We have pacified some thousands of the islanders and buried them; destroyed their fields; burned their villages, and turned their widows and orphans out-of-doors; subjugated the remaining ten millions by Benevolent assimilation. ... And so, by these Providences of God - and the phrase is the government's, not mine - we are a World Power." The statement above was most probably made in reference to United States policy in the A opening of Japan B annexation of the Hawaiian Islands C occupation of the Philippines D acquisition of Puerto Rico and Cuba E confrontation with the Soviet Union over Cuba

C

An important consequence of the "tariff of abominations" (1828) is that it led to the A taxation of consumer items B reelection of Andrew Jackson C enunciation of the doctrine of nullification D alliance of Southern planters and Western farmers E expansion of the New England textile industry

C

In his Atlanta Compromise speech, Booker T. Washington called for which of the following? A African American voting rights B An end to racial segregation C Support for African American self-help D Educational equality for African Americans E Racial integration of religious organizations

C

Jacksonian Democracy was distinguished by the belief that A an aristocracy posed no danger to the Republic B the National Republicans alone knew what was right for the people C political participation by the common man should be increased D political rights should be granted to women E franchise restrictions should be radically neutral

C

Jacob Riis's How the Other Half Lives is a study of A Jim Crow segregation and its effect on African Americans B the plight of Great Plains farmers in the 1890's C immigrant urban poverty and despair in 1890's D corruption in city political machines in the 1890's E the rise of industrial capitalists in the late nineteenth century.

C

The first attempt to apply the doctrine of popular sovereignty in determining the status of slavery occurred in A Texas B California C Kansas D Missouri E Oregon

C

Which of the following aroused the greatest controversy in the United States at the end of the Spanish-American War? A Payment of a $20 million indemnity to Spain B Humanitarian efforts on behalf of concentration camp victims C Acquisition of the Philippine Islands D Liberation of Cuba from Spanish control E Increases in the size of the army and navy

C

Which of the following best characterizes the muckrakers of the early twentieth century? A They were primarily concerned with racial issues. B They were mostly recent immigrants to the United States. C They were leading critics of urban boss politics. D Their influence on public opinion was greatest after the First World War. E They wrote primarily for an academic audience.

C

Which of the following supplied the largest number of immigrants to the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century? A England B Africa C Ireland D The German states E The Netherlands

C

William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold" oration was primarily an expression of his A fundamentalist religious beliefs B neutral stance toward the belligerents of the First World War C advocacy of free and unlimited coinage of silver D opposition to teaching the theory of evolution in public schools E anti-imperialist convictions

C

Wilson's Fourteen Points incorporated all of the following EXCEPT A open diplomacy B freedom of the seas C recognition of Allied economic and territorial agreements made during the war D creation of an international organization to preserve the peace and security of its members E national self-determination

C

Conservative Republican opponents of the Treaty of Versailles argued that the League of Nations would A isolate the United States from postwar world affairs B prevent the United States from seeking reparations from Germany C violate President Wilson's own Fourteen Points D limit United States sovereignty E give England and France a greater role than the United States in maintaining world peace

D

In the late nineteenth century, all of the following encouraged American jingoism EXCEPT A yellow journalism B the New Navy policy of Alfred Thayer Mahan and Theodore Roosevelt C the example of European imperialism D the flooding of American markets by foreign producers E Social Darwinism

D

The Compromise of 1850 did which of the following? A Admitted Texas to the Union as a slave state. B Admitted California to the Union under the principles of popular sovereignty. C Prohibited slavery in the District of Columbia. D Enacted a stringent fugitive slave law. E Adjusted the Texas-Mexico boundary.

D

The Northwest Ordinances did which of the following? A Provided for the annexation of the Oregon Territory. B Established reservations for Native Americans. C Granted settlers a free homestead of 160 acres. D Established the terms for settlement and admission of new states. E Banned slavery north of the 36° 30′ line.

D

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine did which of the following? A Prohibited United States intervention in the Caribbean. B Warned against European seizure of the Panama Canal. C Sought to end the wave of nationalization of American-owned property in the Caribbean. D Declared the United States to be the "policeman" of the Western Hemisphere. E Provided United States military support for democratic revolutions in Latin America.

D

Which of the following statements about woman suffrage is true? A The six states of New England were the first to have complete women suffrage. B Women suffrage was introduced in the South during Radical Reconstruction. C No state granted woman suffrage before 1900. D The only states with complete woman suffrage before 1900 were west of the Mississippi. E California and Oregon were the first states to have complete women suffrage.

D

"Article X says that every member of the League, and that means every great fighting power in the world, ... solemnly engages to respect and preserve ... the territorial integrity and existing political independence of the other members of the League. If you do that, you have absolutely stopped ambitious and aggressive war." Woodrow Wilson's statement above was made in justification of his A decision to send troops to northern Russia and Siberia after the Bolshevik Revolution B refusal to award Fiume to the Italians C insistence on "open treaties, openly arrived at" D opposition to the resolution on racial equality put forward at the Paris peace negotiations by the Japanese delegation E refusal to accept the "reservations" proposed by Henry Cabot Lodge in the Senate debate over ratification of the Treaty of Versailles

E

All of the following account for nativist sentiment against the "new immigrants" of the late nineteenth century EXCEPT that the immigrants A practiced different religions B had different languages and cultures C were willing to work for lower wages than were native-born workers D were not familiar with the United States political system E dominate the professions of law, medicine, and engineering

E

As a result of the Spanish-American War, Spain relinquished to the United States control of Puerto Rico, Cuba, and which of the following? A Alaska B Hawaii C The Panama Canal Zone D Bermuda E The Philippines

E

Immigrants to the United States in the last quarter of the nineteenth century came primarily from A Latin America B Asia C Canada D middle-class backgrounds E European farms and villages

E

The Open Door policy of the early twentieth century called for A the continuation of the Monroe Doctrine in the Western Hemisphere B the opening of United States markets to foreign goods C the elimination of passports for international travel D unlimited European immigration into the United States E open access to China for American investment and commercial interests

E

The cartoon above portrays President Wilson trying to A conceal from the public the true reason for United States entry into the First World War B arouse public support for United States entry into the First World War C assess the public's support of his bid for a third presidential term D warn the public that Germany had not been treated fairly at Versailles E arouse public support for the Treaty of Versailles

E

The leaders of the Progressive movement were primarily A farmers interested in improving agricultural production B immigrant activities attempting to change restrictive immigration laws C representatives of industries seeking higher tariffs D workers concerned with establishing industrial unions E middle-class reformers concerned with urban and consumer issues

E

The primary objective of the founders of the Know-Nothing party was the A abolition of slavery B establishment of free public schools C improvement of factory working conditions D prohibition of communitarian experiments E restriction of the rights of immigrants

E

Which of the following provisions of the Compromise of 1850 provoked the most controversy in the 1850's? A The admission of California as a free state B The establishment of the principle of popular sovereignty in the Mexican cession C The ban on the slave trade in the District of Columbia D The continued protection of slavery in the District of Columbia E The strengthened Fugitive Slave Law

E