APUSH Elections 1880-1892

Election of 18888: Who won?

Benjamin Harrison (Republican)

Election of 1888: Nominees

Benjamin Harrison (Republican), Grover Cleveland (Democrat)

Election of 1880: Who took Garfield's place after he was shot?

Chester A. Arthur (Republican)

Election of 1888: Lodge Bill & Why was it important

Didn't pass-protects black voting rights in the south, signals the beginning of the end of Republicans as the party of emancipation, they were now more about corporate capitalism, free enterprise and big businesses-from this point on Republicans don't poll well with African Americans

Election of 1892: Panic of 1893

Economic expansion based on high commodity prices and consumer confidence, Agriculture droughts/reduced demand=no cash for farmers to pay debts/mortgages-foreclosure

Election of 1880: Pendleton Service Act

Established competitive testing and merit-based standards for federal jobs-no more patronage and spoils system, a result of Garfield's assassination

Election of 1884: Pork Barrel Spending

Government was bringing in more money than it was spending and so there was surplus, members of congress used this money for expensive public works projects in their home states to assure that they would get re-elected-Cleveland opposed this & wanted to reduce surplus, and since tariffs brought in government revenue, he cut tariffs

Election of 1884: Who won?

Grover Cleveland (Democrat)

Election of 1892: Who won?

Grover Cleveland (Democrat)

Election of 1892: Candidates

Grover Cleveland (Democrat) Benjamin Harrison (Republican) James B. Weaver (Populist

Election of 1884: Nominees

Grover Cleveland (Democrat), James G. Blaine (Republican)

Election of 1892: Why did Harrison lose?

Hurt by calls for civil service reform and support of the McKinley Tariff

Election of 1892: National Cordage Co. goes out of business

Investors convert stocks to gold=depletes gold supply-less money in the economy, Depositors withdrew money from banks, Banks with no cash to lend-economic standstill=decreased demand for goods=unemployment, 25% foreclosures=homelessness=starvation

Election of 1880: Who won?

James A. Garfield (Republican)

Election of 1880: Nominees

James A. Garfield (Republican), Winfield Scott Hancock (Democrat)

Election of 1884: Creation of the Populist Party

Kansas farmer's alliance joins Knights of labor to form the Populist Party due to the lack of federal response to rural voters-they provide a nominee in the 1892 election

Election of 1888: Republican Payback time

Now republicans were in power both in the presidency and in congress, and so they raised tariffs to a record high, increased pensions for veterans (Harrison was a civil war veteran)

Election of 1880: Mongrel Tariff (1883)

Passed by Congress, Rates on some goods raised while others lowered-fruits vs. vegetables

Election of 1888: Sherman Antitrust Act 1890

Republicans trying to appease small businesses and consumers-federal law preventing corporations from monopolizing industry, prohibited combination, conspiracy or trusts to restrain trade

Election of 1880: Issues

Supporting/Opposing Protective Tariffs (Consumers and Wheat farmers opposed, railroads and sugar farmers supported)

Election of 1884: Issues

Tariff cuts, Surplus, Reduction of Veteran benefits

Election of 1888: Issue

Tariffs

Election of 1880: Why was there gridlock?

The president Chester A. Arthur was a republican while most of congress was democratic, so it was difficult to get things done

Election of 1880: What was going on with the republican party

There was a battle for control between the half breeds (liberal republicans) and stalwarts (traditional republicans)

Election of 1892: Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Go Bankrupt

Very expensive to operate, Caused by over speculation, overbuilding and high cost of operation, Business relying on railroad transport hurt, Foreign investors cash out in gold and gold reserves drop