APUSH FINAL 1st Semester (Packets of Practice Questions)
Many in America felt that the English and the French failed to treat the United States as a major power in this era. All of the following are evidence of that except: A. The Convention of 1800 B. Jay's Treaty C. The treatment of American ships by the British during the 1790s D. the XYZ Affair
A. The Convention of 1800
1787 to 1800 Questions
1787 to 1800 Questions
The next few questions refer to this quote: "Society in every state is a blessing, but government even in its best state is but a necessary evil; in its worst state an intolerable one; for when we suffer, or are exposed to the same miseries by a government, which we might expect in a country without government, our calamity is heightened by reflecting that we furnish the means by which we suffer. Government, like dress, is the badge of lost innocence; the palaces of kings are built on the ruins of the bowers of paradise. For were the impulses of conscience clear, uniform, and irresistibly obeyed, man would need no other lawgiver; but that not being the case, he finds it necessary to surrender up a part of his property to furnish means for the protection of the rest; and this he is induced to do by the same prudence which in every other case advises him out of two evils to choose the least. Wherefore, security being the true design and end of government, it unanswerably follows that whatever form thereof appears most likely to ensure it to us, with the least expense and greatest benefit, is preferable to all others." - Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776
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"...Let me now take a more comprehensive view, and warn you in the most solemn manner against the baneful effects of the spirit of party generally. This spirit, unfortunately, is inseparable from our nature, having its root in the strongest passions of the human mind. It exists under different shapes in all governments, more or less stifled, controlled, or repressed; but in those of the popular form it is seen in its greatest rankness and is truly their worst enemy. It serves always to distract the public councils and enfeeble the public administration. It agitates the community with ill-founded jealousies and false alarms; kindles and animosity of one part against another; foments occasionally riot and insurrection. It opens the door to foreign influence and corruption, which find a facilitated access to the government itself through the channels of party passion. Thus the policy and the will of one country are subjected to the policy and will of another. There is an opinion that parties in free countries are usual checks upon the administration of government, and serve to keep alive the spirit of liberty. This within certain limits is probably true, and in governments of a monarchical cast patriotism may look with indulgence, if not with favor, upon the spirit of the party. But in those of the popular character, in governments purely elective, it is a spirit not to be encouraged. From their natural tendency it is certain there will always be enough of that spirit for every salutary purpose; and there being constant danger of excess, the effort ought to be by by force of public opinion to mitigate and assuage it. A fire not to be quenched, it demands a uniform vigilance to prevent its bursting into a flame, lest, instead of a warning, ti should consume. - President George Washington, Farewell Address 1796
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"Permit us, then, earnestly to recommend these articles to the immediate and dispassionate attention of the legislatures of the respective states. Let them be candidly reviewed under a sense of the difficulty of combining in one system the various sentiments and interests of a continent divided into so many sovereign and independent communities, under a conviction of the absolute necessity of uniting all our councils and all our strength, to maintain and defend our common liberties..." - Journals of the Continental Congress, 1777
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"Whereas it is expedient that new provisions and regulations should be established for improving the revenue of this kingdom, and for extending and securing the navigation and commerce between Great Britain and your Majesty's dominions in America, which, by the peace, have been so happily enlarged: and whereas it is just and necessary, that a revenue be raised, in your Majesty's said dominions in America, for defraying the expenses of defending, protecting, and securing the same; we, your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal subjects, the commons of Great Britain, in parliament assembled, being desirous to make some provision, in this present session of parliament, towards raising the said revenue in America, have resolved to give and grant unto your Majesty the several rates and duties herein after-mentioned..." - The Sugar Act of 1764
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Next few questions based off this timeline: 1787: Constitutional Convention ratifies U.S. Constitution 1788: U.S. Constitution ratified by states 1789: Washington sworn in as first president 1790: Hamilton issues plans proposing to protect infant U.S. industries 1791: Establishment of First National Bank Ratification of the Bill of Rights 1793: Democratic-Republican clubs begin to meet 1794: Whiskey Rebellion begins 1795: Jay's Treaty with England/Pickney's Treaty with Spain 1796: John Adams elected president, Thomas Jefferson, vice president (each from a different political party) 1798: XYZ Affair, Sedition Act of John Adams issued, Kentucky and Virginia Resolves 1800: Convention of 1800, Thomas Jefferson elected president
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The following questions are based on this quote: "Some men look at constitutions with sanctimonious reverence, and deem them like the ark of the covenant, too sacred to be touched. They ascribe to the men of the preceding age a wisdom more than human, and suppose what they did to be beyond amendment....but I know also, that laws and institutions must go hand in hand with the progress of the human mind. As that becomes more developed, more enlightened, as new discoveries are made, new truths disclosed, and manners and opinions change with the change of circumstances, institution must advance also, and keep pace with the time." - Thomas Jefferson, 1816
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The next few questions are based on the following quote: "of the common blessings that they were by Nature entitled to...In justice therefore to Persons so unhappily circumstanced and who, having no Prospect before them whereon they may rest their Sorroes Commemoration of our own happy Deliverance, from that State of unconditional Submission, to which we were doomed by the Tyranny of Britain." - Excerpted from the Pennsylvania Emancipation Act, 1780
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The next few questions refer to the following song: Hark, hark the sound of war is heard / And we must all attend; / Take up our arms and go with speed, / our country to defend. / Our parent state has turned our foe, / which fills our land with pain; / Her gallant ships, manned out for war, / come thundering o'er the main / There's Carleton, Howe, and Clinton too. / And many thousands more, / may cross the sea but all in vain, / our rights we'll ne'er give o'er / Our pleasant homes they do invade / our property devour; / and all because we won't submit / to their despotic power.
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The next few questions refer to this passage: "Maize swept into Africa as introduced disease was leveling Indian societies. Faced with a labor shortage, the Europeans turned their eyes to Africa. The continent's quarrelsome societies helped them siphon off millions of people." - from 1491 by Charles C. Mann, Vintage Books: New York, 2006, p. 224
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The next few questions refer to this quote: "....a major consequence of the Pueblo Revolt was the opportunity it afforded Indian rebels to acquire hundreds of coveted Spanish horses. The Pueblos in turn established a thriving horse trade with Navajos, Apaches, and other tribes... (horses) soon spread across the Great Plains, the vast rolling grasslands extending from the Missouri River valley in the east to the base of the Rocky Mountains in the west." - George Brown Tindall and David Emory Shi in "America: A Narrative History, 8e)
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The next several questions refer to the following quotation: "The common ways mainly employed by the Spaniards who call themselves Christian and who have gone there to extirpate those pitiful nations and wipe them off the earth is by unjustly waging cruel and bloody wars. Then, when they have slain all those who fought for their lives or to escape the tortures they would have to endure, that is to say, when they have slain all the native rulers and young men (since the Spaniards usually spare only the women and children, who are subjected to the hardest and bitterest servitude ever suffered by man or beast), they enslave any survivors. With these infernal methods of tyranny they debase and weaken countless numbers of those pitiful Indian nations." - Bartolome de Las Casas, A Brief Description of the Devastation of the Indies
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[3 Questions] "SEC. 8. And be it further enacted. That in all that territory ceded by France to the United States under the name of Louisiana, which lies north of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude not included within the limits of the state, contemplated by this act, slavery and involuntary servitude, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the parties shall have been duly convicted, shall be, and is hereby, forever prohibited: Provided always, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labour or service is lawfully claimed, in nay state or territory of the United States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labour or service as aforesaid." -APPROVED, March 6, 1820
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[3 questions refer to this article from Jay's Treaty, 1795] Whereas it is alleged by divers British Merchants and others His Majesty's Subjects, that Debts to a considerable amount which were bona fide contracted before the Peace, still remain owing them by Citizens or Inhabitants of the United States, and that by the operation of various lawful Impediments since the Peace, not only the full recovery of the said Debts has been delayed, but also the Value and Security thereof, have been in several instances impaired and lessened, so that by the ordinary course of Judicial proceedings the British Creditors, cannot now obtain and actually have and receive full and adequate Compensating for the losses and damages which they have thereby sustained: It is agreed that in all such Cases where full Compensation for such losses and damages cannot, for whatever reason, be actually obtained had and received by the said Creditors in the ordinary course of Justice, The United States will make full and complete Compensation for the same to the said Creditors.
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[3 questions refer to this] "Some men look at constitutions with sanctimonious reverence, and deem them like the ark of the covenant, too sacred to be touched. they ascribe to the men of the preceding age a wisdom more than human, and suppose what they did to be beyond amendment...But I know also, that laws and institutions must go hand in hand with the progress of the human mind. As that becomes more developed, more enlightened, as new discoveries are made, new truths disclosed, and manners and opinion change wit hate change of circumstances, institutions must advance also, and keep pace with the times." Thomas Jefferson 1816
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[4 questions refer to this passage] "The authority given to the Supreme Court by the at establishing the judicial system of the United States to issue writs of mandamus to public officers appears not to be warranted by the Constitution. It is emphatically the duty of the Judicial Department to say what the law is. Those who apply the rule to particular cases must, of necessity, expound and interpret the rule. If two laws conflict with each other, the Court must decide on the operation of each. If courts are to regard the Constitution, and the Constitution is superior to any ordinary act of the legislature, the Constitution, and not such ordinary act, must govern the case to which they both apply." -Marbury vs. Madison decision written by John Marshall, 1803
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[Next 3 questions are about the following quote] "...if enslaving our fellow creatures be a practice agreeable to Christianity, it is answered in a great measure in many treatises at home, to which I refer you...we are all apt to shift off the blame from ourselves and lay it upon others, how justly in our case you may judge. The Negroes are enslaved by the Negroes themselves before they are purchased by the masters of the ships who bring them here. It is, to be sure, at our choice whether we buy them or not, so this then is our crime, folly, or whatever you will please to call it."
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[Next 3 questions are about the following quote] "...the Enlightenment slowly helped undermine the power of traditional authority--something the Great Awakening did as well. But unlike the Great Awakening, the Enlightenment encouraged men and women to look to themselves--not to God--for guidance as to how to live their lives and to shape society. Enlightenment thought, with its emphasis on human rationality, encouraged a new emphasis on education, in politics, and government. Most Enlightenment figures did challenge religion and insisted that rational inquiry would support, not undermine, Christianity." -Alan Brinkley
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[Next 3 questions refer to this quote] "And where it is just and reasonable, and essential to out Interest, and the Security of our Colonies, that the several Nations of Tribes of Indians with whom We are connected, and who live under our Protection, should not be molested or disturbed in the Possession of such Parts of Our Dominions and Territories as, not having been ceded to or purchased by Us, are reserved to them, or any of them, as their Hunting Grounds--We do therefore, with the Advice of our Privy Council, declare it to be our Royal Will and Pleasure, that no Governor or Commander in Chief in any of our Colonies of Quebec, East Florida, or West Florida, do presume, upon any Pretense whatever, to grant Warrants of Surveys, or pass any Patents for Lands be;bond the Bounds of their respective Governments, as deserved in their Commissions..."-Proclamation of 1763
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Based on the previous lyrics, what were Americans fighting for? A. Americans were fighting for their rights as Englishmen. B. Americans were fighting for economic liberty and to be able to practice free trade. C. Americans were fighting for the right to replace their despotic royal governors. D. Americans were attempting to replace British Enlightenment philosophy with their own ideas on government.
A. Americans were fighting for their rights as Englishmen.
Socially, much like the French, the Dutch were successful at which of the following? A. Intermarriage with Native Americans B. Developing and promoting the slave trade C. The establishment of permanent colonies by settling entire families in their colonies D. Establishing colonies with tolerance for all religions.
A. Intermarriage with Native Americans
The Missouri Compromise became necessary because A. Missouri wanted admittance to the Union as a slave state, which would have offset the balance between slave and free states. B. The French were not willing to give up this territory as a stipulation of the Louisiana Purchase C. Texas still claimed areas in Missouri and vowed to fight for them if necessary D. Maine was going to enter the Union as a free state, which would have offset the balance between slave and free states.
A. Missouri wanted admittance to the Union as a slave state, which would have offset the balance between slave and free states.
Elsewhere in the Address, Washington promotes which of the following approaches to foreign policy? A. Neutrality B. Imperialism C. Isolationism D. Dollar Diplomacy
A. Neutrality
Advocates of the ideals of the Enlightenment, such as those expressed in the previous excerpt, would have most likely agreed with which of the following movements? A. Republicanism B. Mercantilism C. Antinomianism D. Deism
A. Republicanism
Which of the following is the best explanation for why the British did not establish a powerful central government in the American colonies? A. The British cared little how the colonists lived so long as the colonies remained a productive economic asset. B. Britain feared that the colonists would rebel against any substantial government force that it established C. Few members of the British elite were willing to travel to the colonies, even for the opportunity to govern D. Britain gave the colonies a large measure of autonomy as a fist step in transitioning the region to independence
A. The British cared little how the colonists lived so long as the colonies remained a productive economic asset.
As a result of the Hartford Convention following the War of 1812, A. The Federalist party lost credibility and eventually died out. B. the Constitution was amended to limit the president to two terms in office C. the New England states threatened to secede D. Congress passed the War Powers Act, limiting future presidents from gaining too much power during wartime, as Madison had
A. The Federalist party lost credibility and eventually died out.
In reference to the Western Territories, which of the following events impacted American migration westward in the pre-Revolutionary years? A. The Proclamation of 1763 B. The English defeat of the French and Indians in the Seven Years' War C. The proclamation of the writs of assistance D. The passage of the Declaratory Act
A. The Proclamation of 1763
The ideas expressed in the excerpt are most similar to which of the following? A. The idea that slavery is immoral and must be ended B. the public education reform movement,, because education was considered the great social equalizer and therefore should be offered to slaves. C. The abolitionist movement as part of the Second Great Awakening, which valued religious awakening and service to society D. The prison reform movement, the idea that prisons should be made more humane and focus on rehabilitation
A. The idea that slavery is immoral and must be ended
The most significant impact of the introduction of sugarcane in the West Indies was: A. The need for slave labor from Africa to maintain constant production of sugar B. The desire of the Spanish to settle the Western Hemisphere with permanent settlements made up of families C. The development of a continuous war between Spain and Portugal over Caribbean islands. D. The destruction of the ecosystem of many Caribbean islands resulting in the death of thousands of natives
A. The need for slave labor from Africa to maintain constant production of sugar
Based on the lyrics, which of the following is the most plausible reason for the reaction described in the song? A. The passage of restrictive regulations on the British North American colonies by Parliament. B. The continued violation of American freedom of the seas and free trade C. The fear of invasion of American ports by the English Navy in order to stop American trade with the Spanish and French Caribbean colonies D. the continuous attack by Native Americans on frontier settlements west of the Appalachian Mountains
A. The passage of restrictive regulations on the British North American colonies by Parliament.
According to the theory of virtual representation A. colonists were represented in Parliament by virtue of their British citizenship B. slaves were represented in Congress by virtue of the fact that their owners were voters C. paper money has value by virtue of the fact that it is backed by the full faith and credit of the government D. the best interests of criminal defendants are represented by their attorneys
A. colonists were represented in Parliament by virtue of their British citizenship
Bartolome de Las Casas is most known for: A. speaking out against the atrocities by the Spanish against the native peoples of the Americas B. Advocating the conversion of indigenous people to Christianity by allowing Spanish conquistadors to own them and teach them scripture C. suppressing native people in order to gain new land for Spanish Christians wishing to start religious societies in the New Worlds D. starting missions in the New World as sanctuaries for native peoples fleeing persecution by Spanish conquistadors
A. speaking out against the atrocities by the Spanish against the native peoples of the Americas
Which of the following is most harmonious with the sentiment expressed in the excerpt? A. Government is unnecessary, since humanity is capable of guiding itself by personal conscience. B. A limited republican government is preferable to a monarchy C. Government is a necessary check against the corrupting influence of society D. Security is the only justification for government
B. A limited republican government is preferable to a monarchy
Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the existence of political parties in the early United States? A. After the drafting of the Constitution, continued debates about states' rights and competing economic interests led to the formation of political parties such as the Federalist and the Democratic-Republicans B. Although Washington warned agains the influence of political parties, he reluctantly accepted the endorsement of the Federalist party C. Political parties did not exist until the War of 1812, when Federalists asserted control over foreign policies with Britain and France D. Two major political parties dominated early presidential elections until John Quincy Adams founded the Whig party in 1824
B. Although Washington warned agains the influence of political parties, he reluctantly accepted the endorsement of the Federalist party
Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the existence of political parties in the early Untied States? A. After the drafting of the Constitution, continued debates about states' rights and competing economic interests led to the formation of political parties such as the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans B. Although Washington warned against the influence of political parties, he reluctantly accepted the endorsement of the Federalist party. C. Political parties did not exits until the War of 1812, when Federalists asserted control over foreign policies with France and Britain. D. Two major political parties dominated early presidential election until John Quincy Adams founded the Which party in 1824.
B. Although Washington warned against the influence of political parties, he reluctantly accepted the endorsement of the Federalist party.
A direct result of colonial of colonial encroachment on native lands in the Great Lakes region led to: A. A renewed dispute between the coureurs de bois and American colonists B. An uprising led by an Ottawa chief, Pontiac C. Hostilities between British regulars on the frontiers and American settlers wishing to venture west D. Taxes on colonials to prevent their expansion westward
B. An uprising led by an Ottawa chief, Pontiac
Under the Articles of Confederation, the national government had which of the following powers? I. The power to collect taxes II. The power to negotiate III. The power to supercede state law. A. I only B. II only C. I and II only D. I, II, and III
B. II only
Following the French and Indian War, the American colonists were determined to: A. Declare independence from Great Britain B. Settle lands in the Ohio River Valley C. Create commercial relationships with Indians in the interior of the continent D. Pay British merchants for the debt they incurred during the war
B. Settle lands in the Ohio River Valley
Which of the following best explains the motivations behind this declaration? A. The king had forced slavery upon the Americas and was no longer in power over the newly independent states. B. Slavery had been declared illegal in several Northern states, and Pennsylvania was pressured to free their slaves. C. Just as Americans had fought for their freedom from Britain, so too did Pennsylvanians believe it right to free those held in bondage within their state along with other Northern colonies. D. The tyranny of Great Britain had forced slavery onto the people of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania was now independent and ended the institution.
B. Slavery had been declared illegal in several Northern states, and Pennsylvania was pressured to free their slaves.
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolves: A. Expressed support for the new U.S. Constitution B. Stated that individual states do not have to enforce laws the states consider unconstitutional C. Were written to support John Adam's support of the Sedition Act D. Were written in opposition to the economic policies of Alexander Hamilton
B. Stated that individual states do not have to enforce laws the states consider unconstitutional
Based on the ideas in Land Ordinance of 1784, the information in the above map indicates Thomas Jefferson intended which of the following? A. That the Western Territories be evenly divided into free and slave states B. That the United States, under the Articles of Confederation, should create states equal with the original 13 C. That the Western Territories should be sold off in fourteen lots to pay off the national debt D. That the United States must purchase New Orleans as an outlet to the sea for the new Western Territories
B. That the United States, under the Articles of Confederation, should create states equal with the original 13
Which of the following best describes the influence and the origins of development of Dutch North American societies during the colonial period? A. The Dutch were looking to establish permanent colonies in which to build a world empire B. The Dutch established colonies mainly for economic trade and the production of food for the mother country. C. The overpopulation of the Netherlands motivated the Dutch government to seek more territory. D. The Dutch wanted to challenge the Spanish for naval supremacy
B. The Dutch established colonies mainly for economic trade and the production of food for the mother country.
The sentiments expressed by Washington in his Farewell Address warn against partisan division that occurred before which of the following conflicts? A. The War of 1812 B. The Civil War C. the nullification crisis of 1832 D. The Korean War
B. The War of 1812
The main impact of European exploration on American Indians at the onset of the establishment of the Colombian Exchange was: A. The native population was forced off their land as slave labor was imported from Africa B. The introduction of diseases like smallpox led to a decimation of the American Indian population C. Spanish and Portuguese explorers cut American-Indian nations off from trade routes, leading to mass starvation D. The introduction of the horse by the Spanish-led American Indians to hunt more and depend upon maize and other crops less
B. The introduction of diseases like smallpox led to a decimation of the American Indian population
Which of the following best describes a contributing factor in the crafting of the United States Constitution? A. Individual state constitutions written at the time of the Revolution tended to cede too much power to the federal government, leading to a call for reform on the part of Anti-Federalists B. The weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation led James Madison to question their efficacy and prompted a formation of the Constitutional Congress in 1787 C. Difficulties over trade and foreign relations led to a repeal of overly restrictive tariffs required by the Articles of Confederation D. Washington's embarrassing failure at the Whiskey Rebellion led to Federalist demands for a new framework for federal power
B. The weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation led James Madison to question their efficacy and prompted a formation of the Constitutional Congress in 1787
Which of the following best describes a contributing factor in the crafting of the United States Constitution? A. Individual state constitutions written at the tie of the Revolution tended to cede too much power to the federal government, leading to a call for reform on the part of Anti-Federalists. B. The weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation led James Madison to question their efficacy and prompted a formation of the Constitutional Congress in 1787 C. Difficulties over trade and foreign relations led to a repeal of overly restrictive tariffs required by the Articles of Confederation. D. Washington's embarrassing failure at the Whiskey Rebellion led to Federalist demands for a new framework for federal power.
B. The weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation led James Madison to question their efficacy and prompted a formation of the Constitutional Congress in 1787
What is the main point of the lyrics in the excerpt? A. The lyrics warn that American should be aware of an impending English invasion of their homes. B. The words are meant to inspire American colonists to take up arms and fight against the despotic mother country. C. there was a fear of a French attack and Americans needed to be ready to fight. D. There was a continued fear of an impending attack by Native Americans and Americans must take up arms to protect their homes.
B. The words are meant to inspire American colonists to take up arms and fight against the despotic mother country.
Based upon the excerpt, what was the justification for slavery in British North America? A. Slavery was based upon principles of Christianity B. Those to be sold into slavery are held as slaves in Africa first; therefore, slavery is a business transaction C. Slavery was part of the "natural order" of the human races D. According to English law, "inferior people" were destined to serve as slaves
B. Those to be sold into slavery are held as slaves in Africa first; therefore, slavery is a business transaction
As a stipulation of the treaty, according to Article 6, America... A. could not guarantee that British debts that existed before the war would be paid B. agreed to consume the debts of its citizens and pay the British for compliance with terms of the treaty C. believed that the British merchants were falsifying claims and refused to acknowledge them D. would only agree to the terms of the treaty if British merchants relinquished all debt claims held with the Americans
B. agreed to consume the debts of its citizens and pay the British for compliance with terms of the treaty
In the years following the treaty, A. Britain upheld all of its agreements with the United States as set forth in Jay's Treaty B. relations began to deteriorate between the United States and Britain because Britain failed to follow through with its commitments of the treaty C. Spain became more hostile to American commercial interests because it saw the United States as a British ally D. Thomas Jefferson annulled the treaty because of his anti-British sentiments and decided to sign a similar treay with the French
B. relations began to deteriorate between the United States and Britain because Britain failed to follow through with its commitments of the treaty
Which of the following individuals would reject the argument of Peter Fontaine? A. A former indentured servant in Virginia B. A plantation owner in California C. A Quaker in Pennsylvania D. An Anglican in Massachusetts
C. A Quaker in Pennsylvania
Which of the following Spanish practices is de Las Casas referring to? A. Asiento system B. Headright system C. Encomienda system D. Hacienda System
C. Encomienda system
Which of the following "miseries" alluded to above were most condemned by Anti-Federalist of the post-Revolutionary era? A. Organized response to Bacon's rebellion B. Federal response to Shay's rebellion C. Federal response to the Whiskey Rebellion D. Federal response to Pontiac's Rebellion
C. Federal response to the Whiskey Rebellion
The politician most notable for drafting the Missouri Compromise was A. Andrew Jackson B. James Monroe C. Henry Clay D. John Quincy Adams
C. Henry Clay
The goals presented in the excerpt have the most in common with which of the following? A. Antitrust reforms of the Progressive Era B. Free trade policies of the 1970s C. Increasing federal income tax rates after World War I D. Decreasing federal income tax rates in the 1980s
C. Increasing federal income tax rates after World War I
George Washington established the principle of executive privilege in a dispute with Congress over the: A. Alien and Sedition Acts B. Legality of political parties C. Jay Treaty D. Whiskey Rebellion
C. Jay Treaty
A major weakness of the Articles of Confederation was that they: A. Created a too-powerful chief-executive B. Did not include a mechanism for their own amendment C. Made it too difficult for the government to raise money through taxes and duties D. Denied the federal government the power to mediate disputes between states
C. Made it too difficult for the government to raise money through taxes and duties
In reaction to changing events in American history, interpretation of the Constitution by the Supreme Court can allow subsequent decisions to change initial court rulings. Which of the following pair of Supreme Court decisions illustrates this change of interpretations? A. Fletcher vs. Peck and Gibbons vs. Ogden B. Scott vs. Sanford and Schenk vs. United States C. Plessy vs. Ferguson and Brown vs. Board of Education D. Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia and Worcester vs. Georgia
C. Plessy vs. Ferguson and Brown vs. Board of Education
Following the Treaty of Paris in 1763, one of the biggest concerns of the British regarding North America was: A. creating a lasting peace with the French still residing in their new land acquisitions B. Settling the newly acquired lands to establish commerce with Indians C. Preventing westward expansion to men relations with natives previously allied with the French D. Establishing governments that could control French Quebec and Spanish Florida
C. Preventing westward expansion to men relations with natives previously allied with the French
The Connecticut Plan presented to the Constitutional Convention of 1787: A. Proposal for a two-house legislature based on proportional representation. B. Proposal for a one-house legislature based on proportional representation. C. Proposal for a two-house legislature, with one house based on proportional representation. D. Proposal for a balance of power between executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
C. Proposal for a two-house legislature, with one house based on proportional representation.
Based on the map, which of the following groups would have most likely objected to the outcome of the events that were established in the Compromise of 1820? A. Slave owners in the newly emerging cotton-growing states B. New England factory workers C. Quakers in the Northeast D. Poor whites in the South
C. Quakers in the Northeast
Washington's Farewell Address best exemplifies which of the following political philosophies? A. Federalism B. Anti-federalism C. Republicanism D. Sectionalism
C. Republicanism
Through his view of the Spanish treatment of native peoples, de Las Casas most likely influenced which of the following? A. Colombian Exchange B. Triangular Trade C. The Black Legend D. Middle Passage
C. The Black Legend
Based on the even illustrated in the picture, the Dutch were most similar to which other European colonizers? A. The English as they settled in Jamestown B. The Spanish in the Incan Empire C. The French in Canada D. The Spanish in the Caribbean.
C. The French in Canada.
Which of the following describes the Spanish reaction to the Pueblo revolt? A. The Spanish enslaved the natives. B. The Spanish decided that it would be advantageous to work with the Pueblo as allies rather than enemies and sided with the Pueblo to conquer their neighboring enemies. C. The Spanish killed several Pueblo and mutilated or enslaved the survivors. D. For the first time in their new empire, the Spanish implanted the new encomienda system to Christianize the Pueblo.
C. The Spanish killed several Pueblo and mutilated or enslaved the survivors.
Based on the map, which of the following best describes the circumstances of events in the early 19th Century? A. Slave territory was beginning to encroach on free territory B. The United States had intentions of taking the Spanish Territory in the West C. The United States was attempting to maintain a balance between free and slave states D. Free states were looking to add Oregon Country to their territory to have access to the Pacific Ocean
C. The United States was attempting to maintain a balance between free and slave states
Which of the following events from early British North American colonial history would reflect the sentiments of the previous quote? A. The approval of the Mayflower Compact B. The establishment of Jamestown C. The ideas expressed by Anne Hutchinson D. The motivation for the Salem Witch Trials
C. The ideas expressed by Anne Hutchinson
As the United States began to occupy the region west of the Appalachian Mountains, which of the following developed as the most significant issue to impact the country in the late 18th Century? A. The question of whether the new states should be slave or free B. The development of industrialization C. The settlers' desire for free navigation of the Mississippi River D. The issue of whether the new states should be on an equal level with the 13 original states
C. The settlers' desire for free navigation of the Mississippi River
As a result of the treaty... A. the British immediately began evacuating their forts and posts in the Old Northwest B. citizen Edmund Genet, a French minister, began advocating war against the British C. many Americans were angry because they saw the treaty as a sign of weakness against their former enemy D. John Jay was hailed a hero in America
C. many Americans were angry because they saw the treaty as a sign of weakness against their former enemy
The significance of Article 2 was that it urged the British to A. remove the troops and garrisons from American homes and buildings B. hand over American posts that had been occupied by the British during the Revolution C. remove British soldiers from forts in American territories according to the Treaty of Paris D. evacuate its citizens from the territory as American settlers began moving west
C. remove British soldiers from forts in American territories according to the Treaty of Paris
The event portrayed in the map was the center of controversy later in the first half of the 19th Century when... A. the events depicted in the map caused the war with Mexico in 1846 B. legislation passed in the 1850s overturned the laws established in 1820, allowing a state to rid its territory of slavery C. the Supreme Court determined the outcome of the compromise that created the above map to be unconstitutional D. the Free Soil began to win elections in the western territories where it had been determined that popular sovereignty would determine the outcome of a territory's slave status
C. the Supreme Court determined the outcome of the compromise that created the above map to be unconstitutional
Which of the following presidential actions of the first half of the 19th century challenges the main principles behind the previous quote? A. James Madison's Declaration of War in 1812 B. James Madison's veto of internal improvements in 1817 C. James Monroe's issuing of the Monroe Doctrine D. Andrew Jackson's veto of the bill that called for the re-charter of the Second Bank of the United States
D. Andrew Jackson's veto of the bill that called for the re-charter of the Second Bank of the United States
Under the Electoral College system: A. Voters directly elect the president of the United States B. Voters approve electors, who elect the president of the United States C. It is possible to win the popular vote and lose the election in the Electoral College D. B and C above
D. B and C above
Historians often cite Shay's Rebellion (1786-1787) as a significant event in U.S. history because it: A. Demonstrated the strength, yet fairness, of the newly created federal government B. Made many Americans realize that slavery could not last C. Made Americans realize that excessive taxation often leads to violence D. Demonstrated the weakness of the federal government under the Articles of Confederation
D. Demonstrated the weakness of the federal government under the Articles of Confederation
Although the Supreme Court was the weakest of the three branches of government in the early days of the new republic, John Marshall strengthened the Court by: A. Establishing the principle of federalism, giving federal courts the power to declare laws unconstitutional B. Declaring the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, which asserted the right of states to nullify federal laws, unconstitutional C. Establishing the principle of judicial review in the case of McCulloch vs. Maryland D. Establishing the principle of judicial review in the case of Marbury vs. Madison
D. Establishing the principle of judicial review in the case of Marbury vs. Madison
As described, the Colombian Exchange was significant in that it had the greatest impact on which group of people? A. Africans; they received a greater variety of foodstuffs from Europe, in turn increasing their population significantly. B. Europeans; their wealth increased. C. Native Americans; they were enslaved by the encomienda system by the thousands. D. Europeans; new, easier to grow foodstuffs such as corn and potatoes were brought from the New World and allowed impoverished population groups to survive and increase their numbers.
D. Europeans; new, easier to grow foodstuffs such as corn and potatoes were brought from the New World and allowed impoverished population groups to survive and increase their numbers.
In harmony with the sentiments expressed in the excerpt, which of the following does NOT represent the views of Prime Minister Grenville after the French and Indian War? A. He felt that the Crown needed to control trade and raise revenue. B. He felt that the colonists should help pay the debt incurred by the war. C. He felt that Parliament had the right to increase taxes on the colonies. D. He wanted to reward the colonies through his extension of "salutary neglect."
D. He wanted to reward the colonies through his extension of "salutary neglect."
The Sugar Act of 1764 represented a major shift in British policy toward the colonies that for the first time the British: A. Attempted to control colonial exports B. Offered the colonists the opportunity to address Parliament with grievance C. Required the colonies to import English goods exclusively D. Levied taxes aimed at raising revenue rather than regulating trade
D. Levied taxes aimed at raising revenue rather than regulating trade
The Albany Plan of Union failed because A. the plan required the Northeastern colonies to contribute a disproportionate share of the necessary troops and money B. no political leader with national stature was willing to support the plan C. there was no legitimate executive power to enforce it D. None of the colonies was willing to share tax collecting powers with a national entity
D. None of the colonies was willing to share tax collecting powers with a national entity
The previous excerpt would have been most strongly supported by which group? A. New England Federalists in the 1810s B. South Carolina plantation owners in the 1830s C. Kentucky legislature in the 1790s D. Southern slave owners in the 1850s
D. Southern slave owners in the 1850s
According to this excerpt, which of the following has supremacy in American law? A. The Supreme Court B. The Judicial Branch C. Writs of Mandamus D. The Constitution
D. The Constitution
Which of the following best summarizes the strict constructionist position on the establishment of the National Bank? A. All matters not clearly reconciled by the Constitution, such as the establishment of a national bank, must be arbitrated by the federal judiciary. B. The establishment of the National Bank is necessary to strengthen the United States economy and therefore must be allowed even it is is technically unconstitutional. D. The Constitution forbids the establishment of the bank, because creating a bank is not among Congress' enumerated powers.
D. The Constitution forbids the establishment of the bank, because creating a bank is not among Congress' enumerated powers.
Which of the following European colonizers was the least like the Dutch when it came to interrelationships with the native population and slaves? A. The Spanish, because they did not believe in intermarriage with the native population B. The French, as they maintained a peaceful, yet isolated, coexistence with the native population C. The Portuguese, because of the rigid class system based upon race they established D. The English, as they maintained a separation between themselves and the native and slave population
D. The English, as they maintained a separation between themselves and the native and slave population
The ideals expressed in the previous excerpt would have a positive effect on the America colonies through which of the following events? A. The passage of the Navigation Acts B. The creation of the Dominion of New England C. The outcome of Bacon's Rebellion D. The Glorious Revolution
D. The Glorious Revolution
Which of the following Amendments to the Constitutions is most directly an example of the sentiments expressed above? A. The First Amendment, which guaranteed the right to free speech B. The Tenth Amendment, which allows powers not granted to the federal government be granted to the states C. The nineteenth Amendment, which guaranteed all women the right to vote D. The Twenty-first Amendment, which repealed the prohibition of alcohol
D. The Twenty-first Amendment, which repealed the prohibition of alcohol
Which of the following Amendments to the Constitution is most directly an example of the sentiments expressed above? A. The First Amendment, which guaranteed the right to free speech B. The Tenth Amendment, which allows powers not granted to the federal government be granted to the states C. The Nineteenth Amendment, which guaranteed all women the right to vote. D. The Twenty-first Amendment, which repealed the prohibition of alcohol.
D. The Twenty-first Amendment, which repealed the prohibition of alcohol.
Which of the following was a major impact of the introduction of the horse to the Plains Indians? A. The horse allowed Plains Indians the ability to become sedentary. B. The horse stopped the intense competition between the various Indian nations over food and land. C. The horse consumed the primary food source of the bison, causing the bison population to dwindle. D. The horse allowed the Plains Indians to become more efficient in hunting and caused them to become more nomadic.
D. The horse allowed the Plains Indians to become more efficient in hunting and caused them to become more nomadic.
Which of the following explains how slavery evolved in 17th century British North America? A. Slaves were brought with the first settlers to Jamestown B. Slavery was developed after the deaths of thousands of enslaved Native Americans because of exposure to European diseases C. The Anglican Church encouraged the transport of slaves to the colonies in North America as a source of cheap labor D. The influx of indentured servants had decreased, and cheap labor was needed for the developing plantation system.
D. The influx of indentured servants had decreased, and cheap labor was needed for the developing plantation system.
Despite the strength of the patriotic "call to arms" attitude in the lyrics, which of the following events would discourage the American spirit in 1776? A. The fact that Native Americans were attacking British colonies from the west while the British navy was attacking from the east B. the fear of a massive slave rebellion C. The lack of economic means to support a war effort against England D. The presence of Loyalists throughout the colonies
D. The presence of Loyalists throughout the colonies
The most notable achievement of the United States under the Articles of Confederation was: A. The creation of a strong executive office to lead the national government B. The empowerment of Congress to regulate commerce C. The empowerment of Congress to collect taxes D. The provision for land sales in the Northwest that would benefit the entire nation.
D. The provision for land sales in the Northwest that would benefit the entire nation.
Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton had different views on all of the following except: A. The amount of power the federal government should have B. The tariff policy of the United States C. The importance of a national bank D. Their belief in the power of the U.S. Constitution
D. Their belief in the power of the U.S. Constitution
Although the Supreme Court was the weakest of the three branches of government in the early days of the new republic, John Marshall strengthened the Court by A. establishing the principle of federalism, giving federal courts the power to declare laws unconstitutional B. declaring the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, which asserted the right of states to nullify federal laws, unconstitutional C. establishing the principle of judicial review in the case of McCulloch vs. Maryland D. establishing the principle of judicial review in the case of Marbury vs. Madison
D. establishing the principle of judicial review in the case of Marbury vs. Madison
As the United States expanded westward, which of the following was the most significant departure from government policy toward American Indians? A. Signing the Treaty of Greenville of 1795 B. the Trail of Tears C. The Indian Appropriations Act of 1851 D. the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887
D. the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887
Colleges and universities during the colonial period were dedicated primarily to the training of A. medical doctors B. scientists C. political leaders D. the clergy
D. the clergy
The American colonies objected to the policies imposed by Parliament after the French and Indian War for all of the following reasons EXCEPT A. the new restrictions would hinder New England trade B. their rights as Englishmen were being violated C. they resented quartering British troops now that the French threat was removed D. they believe they should be represented in Parliament if they were subjected to mercantilist restrictions
D. they believe they should be represented in Parliament if they were subjected to mercantilist restrictions
