apush finals review

The economic theory of mercantilism would be consistent with which of the following statements?

A government should seek to direct the economy so as to maximize exports.

Which of the following best applies to the Constitution as it was first written?

A series of compromises that satisfied no one completely

"On the subject of slavery . . . I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. . . . On this subject, I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . . I am in earnest—I will not equivocate—I will not excuse—I will not retreat a single inch—AND I WILL BE HEARD." The type of views expressed in the excerpt emerged most directly from which of the following trends?

The Second Great Awakening

"[G]ranting all their mistakes, the radical governments were by far the most democratic the South had ever known. They were the only governments in southern history to extend to Negroes complete civil and political equality, and to try to protect them in the enjoyment of the rights they were granted." Which of the following later historical developments is most similar to the actions of the governments described?

The desegregation of the United States military in 1944

"Their world, quite literally, changed before the Indians' eyes as European colonists transformed the forest into farmland. . . . In the Southeast, hogs ran wild. Sheep and goats became permanent parts of the economy and culture of Pueblo and Navajo peoples in the Southwest. Horses transformed the lives and cultures of Indian peoples on the plains. Europeans also brought honeybees, black rats, cats, and cockroaches to America." The process described in the excerpt most affected Europeans through

significant population growth and economic development in many parts of Europe

"On the subject of slavery . . . I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. . . . On this subject, I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . . I am in earnest—I will not equivocate—I will not excuse—I will not retreat a single inch—AND I WILL BE HEARD." Opponents of Garrison's ideas expressed in the excerpt would most likely have argued that

slavery was a positive social institution and should not be changed

The Emancipation Proclamation issued by Lincoln following Battle of Antietam had the effect of

strengthening the moral cause and diplomatic position of the Union

The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution established

that suffrage cannot be denied based on race, color, or previous servitude

The Battle of Saratoga was significant to the colonial cause because

the French alliance was secure for the colonists, eventually resulting in the Treaty of 1778.

"The voice of the people has been said to be the voice of God; [but] it is not true in fact. The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom judge or determine right. . . . Can a democratic assembly, who annually revolve in the mass of the people, be supposed steadily to pursue the public good? Nothing but a permanent body can check the imprudence of democracy." Based on the excerpt, Hamilton would most likely support

property qualifications for voting

In the founding of Pennsylvania, William Penn's primary purpose was to

provide a refuge for persecuted English Quakers.

In the decade following the ratification of the Constitution, divisions emerged between Hamilton's political party, the Federalists, and their rivals, the Democratic-Republicans, over all of the following issues EXCEPT the

relationship between religion and the federal government

"Much of the national harmony had rested upon the existence of a kind of balance between the northern and southern parts of the United States. The decision to fight the [Mexican-American War] had disturbed this balance, and the acquisition of a new empire which each section desired to dominate endangered the balance further. Thus, the events which marked the culmination of six decades of exhilarating national growth at the same time marked the beginning of sectional strife which for a quarter century would subject American nationalism to its severest testing." The "acquisition of a new empire" referenced in the excerpt most directly fostered sectional division through the

renewed debate over the expansion of slavery

"English expectations of the New World and its inhabitants died hard. America was supposed to be a land of abundance, peopled by natives who would not only share that abundance with the English but increase it under English direction. Englishmen simply did not envisage a need to work for the mere purpose of staying alive. The problem of survival as they saw it was at best political and at worst military. "Although Englishmen long remained under the illusion that the Indians would eventually become useful English subjects, it became apparent fairly early that Indian labor was not going to sustain the founders of Jamestown [Virginia]." Which of the following was a long-term result of the situation in Jamestown described in the excerpt?

The rise of the plantation system and the use of African slaves

Which of the following would most likely oppose the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

A New England abolitionist

"On the subject of slavery . . . I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice.. . . On this subject, I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . . I am in earnest—I will not equivocate—I will not excuse—I will not retreat a single inch—AND I WILL BE HEARD." The excerpt was likely to have found the most support among which of the following groups?

Advocates for women's rights

Which of the following events could be best interpreted as reflecting the exercise of power depicted in the image?

American Indian removal despite the Supreme Court ruling in Worcester v. Georgia

The Coercive Acts were passed by Parliament in response to

Boston Tea Party

"[G]ranting all their mistakes, the radical governments were by far the most democratic the South had ever known. They were the only governments in southern history to extend to Negroes complete civil and political equality, and to try to protect them in the enjoyment of the rights they were granted." Which of the following provides the best evidence in support of the arguments in the excerpt?

Changes in voting patterns and office holding that occurred during Reconstruction

"Their world, quite literally, changed before the Indians' eyes as European colonists transformed the forest into farmland. . . . In the Southeast, hogs ran wild. Sheep and goats became permanent parts of the economy and culture of Pueblo and Navajo peoples in the Southwest. Horses transformed the lives and cultures of Indian peoples on the plains. Europeans also brought honeybees, black rats, cats, and cockroaches to America." The excerpt above describes the effects of

Columbian Exchange

A federal agency that was important for feeding and caring for war refugees and helping former slaves find jobs during the Reconstruction period was the

Freedman's Bureau

General Cornwallis' surrender at Yorktown resulted largely from the

French fleet winning control of the Chesapeake Bay

Which of the following contributed the most to the American victory in the Revolution?

French military and financial assistance

Under the original Constitution, the only part of government that was democratically elected by the people was the

House of Representatives

The discovery that tobacco was a profitable trade item secured the economic survival of Jamestown and Virginia led to each of the following consequences EXCEPT:

Indians proved useful as slaves in tobacco plantations leading to massive hunting expeditions to round up workers from among neighboring tribes.

The creator of the image would most likely agree with which of the following statements?

Jackson's political actions were unconstitutional.

Which of the following is a provision of the Compromise of 1820?

Slavery was forbidden in states carved from the Louisiana Purchase above the line 36" 30'

Which of the following is the correct order of passage of legislation affecting the colonies?

Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Declaratory Act, Townshend Duties

Which of the following was the most direct catalyst for the secession of South Carolina?

The Election of 1860

"The voice of the people has been said to be the voice of God; [but] it is not true in fact. The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom judge or determine right. . . . Can a democratic assembly, who annually revolve in the mass of the people, be supposed steadily to pursue the public good? Nothing but a permanent body can check the imprudence of democracy." Hamilton's views expressed in the excerpt most directly support which of the following?

The establishment of the Supreme Court

Which of the following most directly contributed to the decision by the United States to fight the Mexican-American War?

The idea of Manifest Destiny

"Much of the national harmony had rested upon the existence of a kind of balance between the northern and southern parts of the United States. The decision to fight the [Mexican-American War] had disturbed this balance, and the acquisition of a new empire which each section desired to dominate endangered the balance further. Thus, the events which marked the culmination of six decades of exhilarating national growth at the same time marked the beginning of sectional strife which for a quarter century would subject American nationalism to its severest testing." Which of the following historical developments during the nineteenth century best supports Potter's argument about the underlying cause of sectional conflict?

The increase in economic opportunities in the West

"Much of the national harmony had rested upon the existence of a kind of balance between the northern and southern parts of the United States. The decision to fight the [Mexican-American War] had disturbed this balance, and the acquisition of a new empire which each section desired to dominate endangered the balance further. Thus, the events which marked the culmination of six decades of exhilarating national growth at the same time marked the beginning of sectional strife which for a quarter century would subject American nationalism to its severest testing." Which of the following most directly helped maintain the "balance between the northern and southern parts of the United States" before the Mexican-American War referenced in the excerpt?

The passage of the Missouri Compromise

Which of the following contributed most directly to the end of Reconstruction?

The waning commitment to reform in the North

What did the Great Awakening, inter-colonial trade and American attitudes toward English culture, and constitutional theory have in common?

They contributed to a growing sense of shared American identity.

"Their world, quite literally, changed before the Indians' eyes as European colonists transformed the forest into farmland. . . . In the Southeast, hogs ran wild. Sheep and goats became permanent parts of the economy and culture of Pueblo and Navajo peoples in the Southwest. Horses transformed the lives and cultures of Indian peoples on the plains. Europeans also brought honeybees, black rats, cats, and cockroaches to America." Europeans most typically explained the process described in the excerpt in which of the following ways?

Viewing it as proof of the higher level of civilization among Europeans

"Their world, quite literally, changed before the Indians' eyes as European colonists transformed the forest into farmland. . . . In the Southeast, hogs ran wild. Sheep and goats became permanent parts of the economy and culture of Pueblo and Navajo peoples in the Southwest. Horses transformed the lives and cultures of Indian peoples on the plains. Europeans also brought honeybees, black rats, cats, and cockroaches to America." American Indian societies most commonly reacted to the changes described in the excerpt by

adapting European material goods while attempting to preserve cultural autonomy

The Great Compromise provided for

a bicameral legislature with proportional representation in the lower house and equal representation in the upper house

The most controversial part of the Compromise of 1850 was

passage of a tougher fugitive slave law

"English expectations of the New World and its inhabitants died hard. America was supposed to be a land of abundance, peopled by natives who would not only share that abundance with the English but increase it under English direction. Englishmen simply did not envisage a need to work for the mere purpose of staying alive. The problem of survival as they saw it was at best political and at worst military. "Although Englishmen long remained under the illusion that the Indians would eventually become useful English subjects, it became apparent fairly early that Indian labor was not going to sustain the founders of Jamestown [Virginia]." In the first half of the 1600s, American Indians in Virginia and Maryland most typically responded to the English colonization described in the excerpt by

defending their territory against the English

The primary and most important purpose of the Black Codes in southern states was which of the following?

ensure a stable, subservient labor force to rebuild the South

Politics in the antebellum United States changed dramatically because

expanded white male suffrage broadened participation in elections

"On the subject of slavery . . . I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. . . . On this subject, I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . . I am in earnest—I will not equivocate—I will not excuse—I will not retreat a single inch—AND I WILL BE HEARD." A person who agreed with Garrison's views expressed in the excerpt would most likely have advocated

immediate emancipation of enslaved people

The Civil Rights Act of 1866 was significant for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

it guaranteed that former slaves would control state legislatures in the South

The Union victory at Vicksburg was of major importance because of all of the following EXCEPT

it paved the way for the immediate capture of the Confederate capital

Compared to New England, early English settlement in Virginia and Maryland was characterized by

lower life expectancy, a larger population of indentured servants, and a greater gender imbalance

Historians have argued that all of the following were causes of the Civil War EXCEPT

the growing power of poor Southern whites who resisted planter dominance and sought to abolish slavery

At the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, pro-Union sentiment was strong in western Virginia, eastern Tennessee, and western North Carolina primarily because

there were relatively few slaves or large plantations in these regions

After the Civil War, the practice of sharecropping

turned African Americans into a labor force with housing and supplies provided for by white planters

All of the following groups would have been likely to agree with the image's depiction of Andrew Jackson EXCEPT:

western farmers who opposed the national bank