APUSH | Period 6 Test
What explains the appeal of the Lost Cause mythology for Southern whites in the late nineteenth century?
) It helped southern whites cope with defeat but preserve white supremacy.
In 1883, railroad companies divided the nation into what?
4 time zones
From 1880 to the mid-twentieth century, the number of people lynched reached nearly
5,000
From 1880 to the mid-twentieth century, the number of people lynched reached nearly: Answer Selected Answer:
5,000.
United States v. Wong Kim Ark
A Supreme Court ruling awarding citizenship to children of Chinese immigrants born on American soil.
Coxey's Army
A band of several hundred unemployed men led by Ohio businessman Jacob Coxey demanding economic relief.
What was The Grange?
A group of members that called on the state governments to establish fair freight rates and warehouse charges and regulated some railroad practices
Immigration Restriction League
A group that called for the reduction of immigration by barring the illiterate from entering the United States.
''The Significance of the Frontier in American History''
A lecture given by Frederick Jackson Turner in 1893 arguing that the western frontier had forged the distinctive qualities of American culture: individual freedom, political democracy, and economic mobility.
Kansas Exodus
A migration by some 40,000-60,000 blacks to Kansas to escape the oppressive environment of the New South.
Alfred T. Mahan
A naval officer who argued that no nation could prosper without a large fleet of ships engaged in international trade, protected by a powerful navy operating from overseas bases.
Ghost Dance
A religious revitalization campaign reminiscent of the pan-Indian movements led by earlier prophets.
Henry George offered what as a solution for the problem of inequality in America?
A single tax
Standard gauge
A standard distance separating the two tracks adopting in 1886 that allowed for the first time trains of one company to travel on another company's track.
Anti-Imperialist League
A union of writers and social reformers who believed American energies should be directed at home, businessmen fearful of the cost of maintaining overseas outposts, and racists who did not wish to bring non-white populations into the United States.
''great upheaval'' of 1886"
A wave of strikes and labor protests that touched every part of the nation in 1886.
What factors contributed to the explosive economic growth during the Gilded Age?
Abundant natural resources, a growing supply of labor, an expanding market for manufactured goods, and the availability of capital investments
The economic development of the American West was based on what industries?
Agriculture, lumber, and mining
What was the name of the naval officer and his 1890 book that argued that no nation could prosper without a large fleet of ships engaged in international trade, protected by a powerful navy operating overseas bases? Answer Selected Answer:
Alfred T. Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History
What was the name of the naval officer and his 1890 book that argued that no nation could prosper without a large fleet of ships engaged in international trade, protected by a powerful navy operating overseas bases?
Alfred T. Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power upon History
Platt Amendment
Amendment to Cuban constitution that reserved the United States' right to intervene in Cuban affairs and forced newly independent Cuba to host American naval bases on the island.
Civil Rights Cases
An 1883 Court decision invalidating the Civil Rights Act of 1875.
Patrons of Husbandry
An educational and social organization for farmers founded in 1867
How can we describe the second industrial revolution?
An expansion of industries
Social Darwinism
Application of Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection to society; used the concept of the "survival of the fittest" to justify class distinctions and to explain poverty.
Agricultural expansion and decline
As the country expanded and returned to normal economic practices after the Civil War, Southern cotton had trouble regaining its dominance in the world marketplace, and Western farmers suffered economic distresses of their own.
Which event marked the end of the Indian wars?
Battle of Wounded Knee.
U.S.S. Maine
Battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor on February 15, 1898, resulting in 266 deaths; the American public, assuming that the Spanish had mined the ship, clamored for war, and the Spanish-American War was declared two months later.
Who migrated to Kansas during the Kansas Exodus?
Blacks.
Who was the African-American leader who delivered a speech i 1895 at the Atlanta Cotton Exposition urging black Americans to adjust to segregation and stop agitating for civil and political rights?
Booker T. Washington
Who was the African-American leader who delivered a speech in 1895 at the Atlanta Cotton Exposition urging black Americans to adjust to segregation and stop agitating for civil and political rights? Answer Selected Answer:
Booker T. Washington
The massive hunting of what animal hurt the Plains Indians?
Buffalo
What did hunters shoot while riding the railroads across the West?
Buffalo
What was the Social Gospel?
Called for an equalization of wealth and power and did not support aid to the poor
Why were Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller important?
Carnegie headed the most technically advanced steel companies in the world, Rockefeller had major success in the oil industry
All of the following individuals wrote about the subject of America's poor EXCEPT:
Charles Darwin.
The immigrants facing the harshest reception in late-nineteenth-century American were those arriving from
China
the immigrants facing the harshest reception in late nineteenth-century America were those arriving from:
China.
Vertical integration
Company's avoidance of middlemen by producing its own supplies and providing for distribution of its product.
What did Crédit Mobiler and the Whiskey Ring symbolize about the Grant Administration?
Corruption among the officials in charge of the Grant Administration
After the Civil War, what became a symbol of life of freedom in the open range?
Cowboys
After the Civil War, which of the following became a symbol of a life of freedom on the open range?
Cowboys.
What was the Civil Service Act of 1883?
Created a merit system for federal employees
Lochner v. New York
Decision by Supreme Court overturning a New York law establishing a limit on the number of hours per week bakers could be compelled to work;"Lochnerism" became a way of describing the liberty of contract jurisprudence, which opposed all governmental intervention in the economy.
Republican economic policies strongly favored what industries?
Eastern industrialists and bankers, and worked to the disadvantage of farmers
Civil Service Act of 1883
Established the Civil Service Commission and marked the end of the spoils system.
As the subordination of blacks grew more rigid, American attitudes toward immigrants grew more tolerant.
F
Beginning about 1880, "new immigrants" were welcomed with open arms by the American people.
F
In a show of democratic solidarity on the part of the American people, the Farmers' Alliance, especially in the southern states, welcomed black farmers into the Alliance.
F
In the 1880s and 1890s, blacks no longer served in the United States Congress.
F
In the late nineteenth century urban workers rallied in support of Populist farmers.
F
Only after Spain threatened to invade America did the United States elect to go to war.
F
Turn-of-the-century segregation laws were passed in clear defiance of Supreme Court rulings.
F
What were industries that made the second industrial revolution possible in the U.S.?
Factory production, mining, and railroad construction
According to Social Darwinism, government should seek to help the poor, and build an activist state to regulate the nation's corporations.
False
American presidents during the Gilded Age exerted strong, effective, executive leadership.
False
At the Battle of Little Big Horn, General George Armstrong Custer 's troops were victorious.
False
During the two decades following the Civil War which were known as the golden age of the cattle kingdom, cowboys were highly paid.
False
Ida Tarbell authored the famous novel House of Mirth , which depicted the downfall of a young woman trying to "marry up" in society.
False
Ironically, the Farmers Alliance found greater support among industrial workers than among small farmers. Answer Selected Answer:
False
The Democrats were the party of big government; the Republicans were the party of laissez-faire.
False
The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, which banned combinations and practices that restrain free trade, proved an immediate success, both for its clarity of language and ease of enforcement.
False
The Social Gospel movement concentrated on attacking individual sins such as drinking and Sabbath-breaking and saw nothing immoral about the pursuit of riches.
False
The West was a remarkably homogeneous region —only in the twentieth century would it become ethnically diverse.
False
The new Indian tribes that migrated to the Great Plains were greeted with open arms and friendly words by the Indians already living there.
False
With the mechanization of manufacture, skilled workers virtually disappeared from industrial America.
False
Yale professor William Graham Sumner believed that America could achieve its ideals only with fair, progressive, taxation.
False
Bonanza farming
Farms that covered thousands of acres and employed large numbers of agricultural wage workers.
Over 150 utopian and cataclysmic novels were published during the last quarter of the nineteenth century because?
Fear of class warfare
What 1893 US Supreme Court decision authorized the federal government to expel Chinese aliens without due process of law?
Fong Yue Ting
What 1893 United States Supreme Court decision authorized the federal government to expel Chinese aliens without due process of law? Answer Selected Answer:
Fong Yue Ting
Knights of Labor
Founded in 1869, the first national union lasted, under the leadership of Terence V. Powderly, only into the 1890s; supplanted by the American Federation of Labor.
Standard Oil Company
Founded in 1870 by John D. Rockefeller in Cleveland, Ohio, it soon grew into the nation's first industry-dominating trust; the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) was enacted in part to combat abuses by Standard Oil.
A significant economic impact of the 2nd industrial revolution was?
Frequent and prolonged economic depressions
Who won the 1892 presidential election?
Grover Cleveland, the Democrat
The 1892 presidential election was won by:
Grover Cleveland, the Democrat.
What did economist and social historian Thorstein Veblen mean by "conspicuous consumption"?
How the upper-class focused on spending money not on needed or desired goods, but simply to demonstrate the possession of wealth
Railroad time zones
In 1883, the major rail companies divided the national into four time zones still in use today.
Great Railroad Strike of 1877
Interstate strike, crushed by federal troops, which resulted in extensive property damage and many deaths.
What was the importance of the court case Elk v. Wilkins?
It agreed with lowering court rulings that the 14th and 15th amendments did not apply to Indians
Which of the following was not a central principle of the American Federation of Labor?
It is vital that unions include workers of all backgrounds, regardless of race, ethnicity, sex, or skill.
Who was the leader of the band of several hundred unemployed men who marched on Washington in May 1894 to demand economic relief?
Jacob Coxey
Between 1879 and 1880, an estimated 40,000-60,000 African-Americans migrated to
Kansas
Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?
Kansas Exodus; Civil Rights Cases; Booker T. Washington's Atlanta address; Plessy v. Ferguson
Between 1879 and 1880, an estimated 40,000-60,000 African Americans migrated to: Answer Selected Answer:
Kansas.
Dawes Act
Law passed in 1887 meant to encourage adoption of white norms among Indians; broke up tribal holdings into small farms for Indian families, with the remainder sold to white purchasers.
Elimination of black voting
Laws or provision enacted by southern states eliminated the black vote by means other than race, such as poll taxes and literacy tests.
What did William G. Summer believe social classes owed each other?
Nothing
The Indian victory at Little Bighorn had what effect?
Only delayed the expansion of white settlement in the West
''captains of industry'' v. ''robber barons''
Opposing viewpoints that industrial leaders were either beneficial for the economy or wielded power without any accountability in an unregulated market.
Greenbacks
Paper money declared to be legal tender printed by the government.
Thomas Edison invented what things that helped the 2nd industrial revolution?
Phonograph, light bulb, motion picture, and a system for generating and distributing electric power
What landmark US Supreme Court decision gave approval to state laws requiring separate facilities for whites and blacks?
Plessy vs. Ferguson
What landmark United States Supreme Court decision gave approval to state laws requiring separate facilities for whites and blacks? Answer Selected Answer:
Plessy vs. Ferguson.
Describe pools, trusts, and mergers. What did manufacturers use them for
Pools: divided up markets between competing firms and fixed prices. Trusts: legal devices whereby the affairs of several rivaling companies were managed by a single director. Mergers: small companies combined to form a large one. Merchants used these to control their economy
The People's Party
Populists; spoke for all ''producing classes'' and embarked on a remarkable effort of community organization and education.
Lynching
Practice, particularly widespread in the South between 1890 and 1940, in which persons (usually black) accused of a crime were murdered by mobs before standing trial. Lynchings often took place before large crowds, with law enforcement authorities not intervening.
Social Gospel
Preached by liberal Protestant clergymen in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; advocated the application of Christian principles to social problems generated by industrialization.
''separate but equal''
Principle underlying legal racial segregation, upheld in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) and struck down in Brown v. Board of Education (1954).
Which of the following statements best summarizes the reasons for the tripling of railroad track miles in the United States between 1860 and 1890?
Private investment and massive grants of land and money by federal, state, and local governments spurred the building.
What was the name of the railroad car company against which workers stuck in 1894?
Pullman
Which mode of transportation is usually associated with the second industrial revolution?
Railroads
Interstate Commerce Commission
Reacting to the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in Wabash Railroad v. Illinois (1886), Congress established the ICC to curb abuses in the railroad industry by regulating rates.
The coalition of merchants, planters, and business entrepreneurs who dominated politics in the American South after 1877 called themselves
Redeemers
The coalition of merchants, planters, and business entrepreneurs who dominated politics in the American South after 1877 called themselves:
Redeemers.
The nation's urban working class voters shifted their support en masse to the Republican Party in 1894 in significant degree because:
Republicans claimed that raising tariff rates would restore prosperity by protecting manufacturers and industrial workers from the competition of cheap imported goods.
What was the aim of the Dawes Act of 1887?
Sought to break up the tribial system
Yick Wo v. Hopkins
Supreme Court decision in 1886 overturning San Francisco law that, as enforced, discriminated against Chinese-owned laundries; established principle that equal protection of the law embodied in Fourteenth Amendment applied to all Americans, not just former slaves.
An oversupply of cotton on the world market, which led to a sharp decline in prices, contributed to a farmers' revolt and gave rise to the Populist Movement.
T
By 1900, southern per capita income was only sixty percent of that of the national average.
T
Government intervention was vital to the defeats of the 1892 Homestead strike and the 1894 Pullman strike.
T
In 1882 and again in 1902, the United States Congress passed laws excluding immigrants from China
T
In 1894 a coalition of white Populists and black Republicans won control of North Carolina, bringing the state into a sort of "second Reconstruction."
T
In 1894, in one of the most decisive shifts in congressional power in American history, the nation's urban working class shifted en masse to the Republican Party, and Republicans gained 117 seats in the House of Representatives.
T
In 1915, the United States Supreme Court invalidated the "grandfather clause" for violating the Fifteenth Amendment.
T
In the late nineteenth century, black women were largely excluded from jobs as secretaries, typists, and department store clerks.
T
Like the American Federation of Labor, the National American Woman Suffrage Association was infused with the social elitism of the times.
T
Most Americans who looked to expand America's influence overseas were interested, not in territorial possessions, but in expanded trade.
T
One consequence of the bitter attacks on African-Americans' political rights across the South was that, by 1940, 97 percent of adult black Southerners were not registered to vote.
T
Populists in western states endorsed woman suffrage.
T
Segregation was more than a form of racial separation. It was one part of an all-encompassing system of white domination.
T
Southern Democrats persistently raised to the threat of "Negro domination" to justify denying blacks the right to vote.
T
Southern Populists forged notable alliances between black and white farmers. Answer Selected Answer:
T
The 1890s saw a widespread imposition not only of disfranchisement, but also of segregation in the South.
T
The election of 1896 is sometimes called the first modern presidential campaign, in part, because of the amount of money spent—William McKinley raised some $10 million, while William Jennings Bryant raised only around $300,000.
T
Tom Watson, who had earlier been a leading figure in forging an interracial Populist coalition had, by the early twentieth century, emerged as a power in Georgia, whipping up prejudice against African-Americans, Catholics, and Jews.
T
Until the Great Migration of black Americans from the rural South to the urban North during World War I, the vast majority of African-Americans lived in the South.
T
With the exception of some dockworkers' and mine laborers' unions, blacks were excluded from membership in the few unions that existed in the South in the late nineteenth century.
T
The Greenback-Labor Party ran on what platform?
That the federal government stop taking "greenback" money out of circulation and condemned the use of the militia and police against strikes. It controlled the government in industrial and mining communities
During the 2nd industrial revolution, how did the courts tend to rule on economic issues?
That the state regulation of business, especially laws restricting maximum hours of work, was an insult to free labor
What is the theory of Social Darwism?
That the theory of evolution applied to humans, thus explaining why some were rich and some were poor
The direction of the "Christian lobby" in the Gilded Age:
The "Christian lobby" sought more to legislate individual morality rather than to improve society
Which of the following properly assesses the direction of the "Christian lobby" in the Gilded Age?
The "Christian lobby" sought more to legislate individual morality rather than to improve society.
The Plains Indians included which tribes?
The Cheyenne, Comanche, Crow, Kiowa, and Sioux
Foraker Act
The Foraker Act of 1900 declared Puerto Rico an "insular territory," different from previous territories in the West. Its 1 million inhabitants were defined as citizens of Puerto Rico, not the United States, and denied a future path to statehood.
Who was Chief Joseph?
The Nez Percé leader, who condemned the policy of confining Indians to reservations and asked for him and his tribe be freed
Who insisted that freedom and spiritual self-development required an equalization if wealth and power and that unbridled competition mocked the Christian ideal of brotherhood?
The Social Gospel
Fong Yue Ting
The Supreme Court's decision authorizing the federal government to expel Chinese aliens without due process of law.
Politics of memory
The abandonment of the dream for racial equality as the Civil War become more remembered as a quarrel between white American in which blacks had no significant role.
What was the impact of the 2nd industrial revolution on the trans-Mississippi West?
The agricultural empire grew
Who was William M. Tweed?
The boss of New York's Tweed Ring, which helped support New Yorkers
Iron law of supply and demand
The economic theory that determined wages and prices for goods and services.
In his speech "A Second Declaration of Independence," labor leader Ira Steward argued that the most pressing problem facing the nation was?
The growing gap between the rich and the poor
Liberty of contract
The idea that contracts reconciled freedom and authority in the workplace.
Emilio Aguinaldo
The leader of the Philippine War against American occupation.
What was the white reaction to the Ghost Dance?
The religious revitalization campaign was believed to be an uprising, so whites opened fire, killing 150-200 Indians
''free coinage'' of silver"
The unrestricted minting of silvery money called for by William Jennings Bryan.
Who was the future American president who made a national name for himself by charging up San Juan Hill with the Rough Riders?
Theodore Roosevelt
Who was the future American president who made a national name for himself by charging up San Juan Hill with the Rough Riders? Answer Selected Answer:
Theodore Roosevelt
What was the aim of Carlisle, a boarding school for Indians?
To "civilize" Indians
The Interstate Commerce Commission was established in 1887 for what purpose?
To ensure that the rates railroads charged farmers and merchants to transport their goods were "reasonable" and they didn't underprice/overprice certain shippers over others
How were federal troops used in the Pullman Strike of 1894?
To help suppress the strikers on behalf of the owners.
"Vertical integration" is defined as one company controlling every phase of the business from raw materials to transportation, manufacturing, and distribution.
True
A significant amount of Mexican-era landholdings were made available for sale because United States courts only recognized land titles to individual plots of land.
True
By the 1880s, the labor situation was such that Texas cowboys even went on strike for higher pay.
True
By the early 1890s, a pension system for Union soldiers, their widows and children, consumed more than 40 percent of the federal budget.
True
During the second industrial revolution, wage labor became America's leading source of livelihood.
True
Following the Civil War, generals like Philip H. Sheridan set out to destroy the foundations of the Indian economy.
True
In 1869, President Ulysses S. Grant announced a new "peace policy" in the West.
True
In the late 1800s, California tried to attract immigrants by advertising its pleasant climate and the availability of land, although large-scale corporate farms were coming to dominate the state's agriculture.
True
Inspired in part by President Garfield's assassination by a disappointed office seeker, the Civil Service Act of 1883 created a merit system for federal employees.
True
Neither of the two main political parties embraced any serious federal program to cushion citizens from poverty or unemployment.
True
On 29 December 1890, soldiers killed between 150 and 200 Indians, most women and children, near Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota.
True
The Civil Service Act of 1883 marked the first step in establishing a professional civil service and removing officeholding from the hands of political machines.
True
The Electricity Building at the Chicago World's Fair of 1893 astonished visitors and illustrated how electricity was changing the visual landscape.
True
The Haymarket Affair resulted in the hanging of four convicted anarchists.
True
The Knights of Labor regarded inequalities of wealth and power as a growing threat to American democracy.
True
The extermination of the North American bison (buffalo) drastically undermined the livelihood of the Plains Indians.
True
The most famous Indian victory in American history took place in June 1876 when General George A. Custer and his 250 men perished.
True
The term "Lochnerism" derived from the 1905 Supreme Court decision Lochner v. New York , in which the Court voided the state's law establishing a 10-hour day maximum for bakers.
True
Wage reductions were commonplace during economic downturns.
True
Between 1897 and 1904, a wave of financial mergers led to the creation of what corporations?
U.S. Steel, Standard Oil, and International Harvester
The first billion-dollar enterprise corporation was:
U.S. Steel.
Plessy v. Ferguson
U.S. Supreme Court decision supporting the legality of Jim Crow laws that permitted or required "separate but equal" facilities for blacks and whites.
Who insisted that freedom and spiritual self-development required an equalization of wealth and power and that unbridled competition mocked the Christian ideal of brotherhood?
Walter Rauschenbusch
The single most important natural resource of the American West was?
Water
The congressman from Nebraska who was the Democratic Party nominee for president 1896, and who called for the free coinage of silver was
William Jennings Bryan
Who was a leading opponent of American imperialism?
William Jennings Bryan
A leading opponent of American imperialism was:
William Jennings Bryan.
The congressman from Nebraska who was the Democratic Party nominee for president in 1896, and who called for the "free coinage" of silver was:
William Jennings Bryan.
Which statement about labor and the law is FALSE?
Workers generally welcomed the Court's decisions on industry.
What effect did the 2nd industrial revolution have on workers?
Workers' economic independence became reliant on technical skill
The 1892 People's Party platform, written by Ignatius Donnelly and adopted at the party's Omaha convention, proposed all of the following except:
a decentralization over the control of currency.
For workers, the second industrial revolution meant all of the following EXCEPT:
a decrease in child labor
Which of the following was not a major reason for America's imperial expansion?
a desire to broaden the exposure of Americans to different cultures.
Which of the following was not a factor behind the spread of segregation and disfranchisement laws in the South?
a growing insistence by blacks that whites simply leave them alone
The "subtreasury plan" was
a plan to establish federal warehouses where farmers could store crops until they were sold.
The "subtreasury plan" was:
a plan to establish federal warehouses where farmers could store crops until they were sold.
Which was not one of the devices used by Southern whites to keep blacks from exercising suffrage? Answer Selected Answer:
a religious test
Which was not one of the devices used by southern whites to keep blacks from exercising suffrage?
a religious test
Which statement about the Spanish-American War is true?
a) The war lasted only four months and resulted in less than 400 U.S. battle casualties.
Which statement about the South after 1890 is FALSE?
a) Whites feared that northerners and the federal government would abolish the Jim Crow laws.
The People's Party:
a) evolved out of the Farmers' Alliance.
n Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), the Supreme Court:
a) ruled that "separate but equal" accommodations were constitutional
The Supreme Court decision United States v. Wong Kim Ark ruled that:
a) the Fourteenth Amendment gave Asians born in the United States citizenship.
All of the following statements describe facets of the experiences of Native Americans of the West, EXCEPT:
a. Native Americans generally believed that the U.S. government had dealt fairly with them.
John D. Rockefeller was known for all of the following, EXCEPT:
a. Rockefeller welcomed competition in not only the oil industry, but in all heavy industries.
All of the following can be said about the years between 1870-1920, EXCEPT:
a. Small, family-run businesses and farms became predominant.
One of the main battles between Buffalo Soldiers and Native Americans took place near the El Paso area during the Victorio War at a site adjacent to
a. White Sands, NM.
Generally speaking, laborers in the latter 19th century can be described by all of the following statements, EXCEPT:
a. Women were among the best-paid workers in the job market at that time.
In order to achieve the successful settlement of the American West,
a. the federal government would have to find ways to divest the countless Native American tribes who lived there of their lands
The American Federation of Labor's founder Samuel Gompers used the idea of "freedom of contract" to:
argue against interference by judges with workers' right to organize unions.
Which of the following stated that the Constitution did not fully apply to the territories recently acquired by the United States?
b) Insular Cases.
Which institution was hardest hit by the Redeemers once they assumed power in the South?
b) Public schools.
In his Atlanta speech of 1895, Booker T. Washington:
b) encouraged blacks to adjust to segregation.
In the Insular Cases, the Supreme Court:
b) held that the Constitution did not fully apply to the territories acquired by the United States during the Spanish-American War.
William Jennings Bryan:
b) ran for president in 1896 on the free silver platform.
Founded in 1886, the American Federation of Labor:
b) restricted membership to only skilled workers.
At the end of the nineteenth century, lynching:
b) was an act of violence directed mostly at black men.
The Philippine War:
b) was far longer and bloodier than the Spanish-American War.
After the 1890s, American expansionism:
b) was partly fueled by the need to stimulate American exports.
By the end of the nineteenth century, African-American men in the South:
b) were forced out of politics and passed leadership to female African-American activists.
In describing the development of cattle ranching in the West, which of the following statements is NOT true?
b. Cattle ranching faced numerous problems from both man and nature.
All of the following characterized US politics in the late 19th century, EXCEPT:
b. Politicians worked rigorously to correct economic and social problems facing Americans.
All of the following factors contributed to the growth of American industry, EXCEPT:
b. The overproduction of farm commodities
The Gospel of Wealth
b. acknowledged that the rich were "trustees" of wealth and that they should use their resources for the betterment of society.
Social Darwinists
b. believed that natural laws also applied to society.
The theory of Social Darwinism
b. claimed that wealth should not necessarily be the basis for a person to have great power and influence.
In the late 1800s,
b. middle class suburbs were developing at the same time that slums were expanding.
One of the greatest changes that took place between 1870‑1900 was
b. urbanization.
Supporters of the Anti-Imperialist League:
believed that American energies should be directed at home, not abroad.
Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller:
built up giant corporations that dominated their respective markets.
All of the following statements about Emilio Aguinaldo are true EXCEPT:
c) Aguinaldo believed that Filipinos could only govern themselves with U.S. assistance.
Republican presidential candidate William McKinley:
c) argued in favor of the gold standard.
The Spanish-American War:
c) brought the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico under U.S. control
The Populist platform:
c) called for public ownership of railroads.
The new immigrants of the Gilded Age:
c) came from southern and eastern Europe.
The Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU):
c) moved from demanding prohibition to pushing for women's suffrage.
The silver issue:
c) refers to the fight to increase the money supply by minting silver money.
The Teller Amendment stated that:
c) the United States would not annex Cuba.
In 1900, most of the nearly 5 million women who worked for wages worked in:
c) the garment industry and as domestic laborers.
Americans have referred to the 1890s as the women's era because:
c) women's economic opportunities and roles in public life expanded.
All of the following statements can be said of Andrew Carnegie, EXCEPT:
c. Andrew Carnegie provided funding for El Paso's first official library.
Concerning the period of the Indian Wars, all of the following are true, EXCEPT:
c. The federal government finally fulfilled one of its promises when it allowed Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce to return to their homeland in 1879.
Government policy toward Native Americans in the 1880s can be described in part by all of the following statements, EXCEPT:
c. The federal government hoped to reinforce Indian culture by ordering the education of Indian children in white schools.
In the late 1800s, the railroad industry developed in all of the following ways, EXCEPT:
c. The railroad industry avoided becoming associated with the nation's newest business combination, the corporation, since the railroad barons all had enough money to finance their economic endeavors on their own.
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, the term Buffalo Soldiers was used to identify members of the
c. all-black 9th and 10th Cavalry units who served in the American West and during the Indian Wars.
Immediately following the Civil War, federal laws provided for
c. fairer treatment under the law for blacks but not for Indians.
It was the railroad companies, and not the federal government, that first instituted
c. interstate trade.
City governments after 1870 were characterized by all of the following, EXCEPT:
c. party bosses who generally were associated with an increase in the immigrant population.
The "liberty of contract" concept
c. ultimately hindered the economic progress of laborers.
After Andrew Carnegie attained great wealth through the steel industry, he became a philanthropist, which means that he
c. used his fortune to establish social and educational institutions.
The Women's Christian Temperance Union began by demanding the prohibition of alcoholic drinks, but developed into an organization
calling for a comprehensive program of economic and political reforms, including the right to vote.
The Women's Christian Temperance Union began by demanding the prohibition of alcoholic drinks, but developed into an organization: Answer Selected Answer:
calling for a comprehensive program of economic and political reforms, including the right to vote.
In the late nineteenth century, social thinkers such as Edward Bellamy, Henry George, and Laurence Gronlund offered numerous plans for change, primarily because they were alarmed by a fear of:
class warfare and the growing power of concentrated capital.
The "white man's burden":
comes from a poem by Rudyard Kipling.
The Civil Service Act of 1883:
created a merit system for government workers.
Which was NOT part of the Populist platform?
d) Higher tariffs.
Which statement about the People's Party is FALSE?
d) It emerged as an urban, middle-class vehicle for social, economic, and political reform.
In the 1890s, the National American Woman Suffrage Association:
d) argued that native-born white women's votes would counteract the "ignorant foreign vote."
The Platt Amendment:
d) authorized the United States to intervene militarily in Cuba.
The 1894 Pullman Strike:
d) collapsed when union leaders were jailed
In the South, the Redeemers:
d) imposed a new racial order.
Twenty years after the end of Reconstruction, African-Americans in the South:
d) suffered the most from the region's poor conditions.
The federal government did instate a few regulations in the late 1800s that attempted to correct political and economic ills, including the
d. all of these (a. Civil Service Act, which professionalized government employment. b. Interstate Commerce Commission, to prevent unfair railroad charges. c. Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890, which outlawed business combinations "in restraint of trade.")
Which of the following innovations improved farming in the West?
d. all of these (a. Improved farm machinery b. Large-scale irrigation projects c. Chemical fertilizers)
Some opinions that circulated in the late 1800s concerning U.S. society and economy included
d. all of these (a. Laurence Gronlund's introduction of socialist ideas to the American public. b. Henry George's proposal of a "single tax" which would destroy monopolies and distribute wealth more equally. c. Edward Bellamy's version of "nationalism" that incorporated the idea of governmental guarantees for the equitable distribution of the country's wealth, which he anticipated would have developed by the year 2000.) (p. 628)
Inventions and innovations of the late 19th century which transformed American life included
d. all of these (a. advancements in communications through the intercontinental telegraph and the telephone, as well as the increased use of electricity to light homes and power industries. b. the establishment of trusts and monopolies to coordinate business activities. c. the development of brand names, chain stores, and mail order companies that helped integrate the national market and provide standardization and convenience for consumers)
Developments during the Gilded Age at the state and local level included
d. all of these (a. blatant neglect of public health and educational concerns by state governments. b. deliberate administrative delay in construction of utilities and other public service projects. c. some small achievements by political parties, farmers' groups and labor unions.)
The country's economic growth in the late 1800s
d. all of these (a. produced higher wages for workers. b. generated some unstable circumstances that caused economic depression. c. brought about more dangerous working conditions. )
Henry O. Flipper is known for being
d. all of these (a. the first black officer in the U.S. army who served in the 1870s and early 1880s. b. unjustly given a dishonorable discharge from the army based on trumped-up charges. c. a surveyor, cartographer, engineer, writer, and translator, among other occupations, who was a frequent visitor to and sometimes resident of early El Paso.)
Which statement about the disenfranchisement of blacks in the South is FALSE?
e) The Supreme Court upheld the grandfather clause.
Which statement about the 1896 election is FALSE?
e) William Jennings Bryan lost because he supported the gold standard.
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 prohibited:
e) any Chinese from entering the United States.
The severe depression of 1893:
e) led to increased conflict between capitol and labor.
All of the following were used by southern whites to maintain domination over blacks EXCEPT:
e) outlawing the use of black female domestic workers in white homes
Between 1890 & 1906, southern state governments and white Southerners eliminated black voting using all of the following EXCEPT:
e) racial tests.
President William McKinley justified U.S. annexation of the Philippines on all of the following grounds EXCEPT:
e) the United States needed to ensure that the Philippines became an independent democracy.
Plessy v. ferguson:
e) was fully supported by Booker T. Washington.
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882:
e) was the first time race was used to exclude an entire group of people from entering the United States.
The Interstate Commerce Commission was established in 1887 to:
ensure that railroads charged farmers and merchants reasonable and fair rates.
The Grange was an organization that:
established cooperatives for storing and marketing farm output.
Why is the Great Strike of 1877 important?
evidence of worker solidarity and the close ties between the Republican Party and the new class of industrialists
Which of the following was not a grievance of the Farmers Alliance and the Populists?
excessive power of the labor unions
In How the Other Half Lives, Jacob Riis:
focused on the wretched conditions of New York City slums.
One significant economic impact of the second industrial revolution was:
frequent and prolonged economic depressions.
During the "Age of Empire," American racial attitudes:
had a global impact.
The Plains Indians:
included the Cheyenne, Comanche, Crow, Kiowa, and Sioux.
Thomas Edison:
invented, among other things, a system for generating and distributing electricity.
One of the reasons that the Great Strike of 1877 was important is that:
it underscored the tensions produced by the rapid industrialization of the time.
After the Haymarket Strike of 1886,
law enforcement groups recognized the need for increasing the protection of strikers. (p. 633)
The American working class:
lived in desperate conditions.
All of the following factors contributed to explosive economic growth during the Gilded Age EXCEPT:
low tariffs.
The economic development of the American West was based on:
lumber, mining industries, tourism, and farming.
In 1900, in the entire South, how many public high schools for blacks existed? Answer Selected Answer:
none
Republican economic policies strongly favored:
northern industrialists.
Henry George rejected the traditional equation of liberty with:
ownership of land.
William M. Tweed was a(n):
political boss who, although corrupt, provided important services to New Yorkers.
Which was not principally one of the networks by which women exerted a growing influence on public affairs in the late nineteenth century? Answer Selected Answer:
political party organizations
Which was not principally one of the networks by which women exerted a growing influence on public affairs in the late nineteenth century?
political party organizations.
The rapid industrialization of the late 1800s
produced controversy concerning its benefits for U.S. society.
The 1897 Dingley Tariff
raised tariff rates to their highest level in American History up to that time.
The 1897 Dingley Tariff:
raised tariff rates to their highest level in American history to that time.
In 1894, the nation's urban working class voters shifted their support en masse to the Republican Party because
republicans claimed that raising tariff rates would restore prosperity by protecting manufacturers and industrial workers from the competition of cheap imported goods.
In Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), the Supreme Court:
ruled that "separate but equal" accommodations were constitutional.
Plessy v. Ferguson:
sanctioned racial segregation.
During the 1880s, the South as a regional whole
sank deeper and deeper into poverty.
The Redeemers in the South:
slashed state budgets, cut taxes, and reduced spending on hospitals and public schools.
The Farmers' Alliance:
sought to improve conditions through cooperatives.
During the second industrial revolution, the courts:
tended to favor the interests of industry over those of labor.
What was the name of the labor organization of principally white, male, skilled workers that arose in the 1880s and was headed by Samuel Gompers? Answer Selected Answer:
the American Federation of Labor
What was the name of the labor organization or principally white, male, skilled workers that arose in the 1880s and was headed by Samuel Gompers?
the American Federation of Labor
The largest citizens' movement of the nineteenth century was:
the Farmers Alliance.
Which was the largest citizens; movement of the nineteenth century?
the Farmers' Alliance
What was the name of the 1899 policy established by Secretary of State John Hay with regard to China?
the Open Door Policy
What was the name of the 1899 policy established by Secretary of State John Hay with regard to China? Answer Selected Answer:
the Open Door policy
What war lasted from 1899 to 1903, in which 4,200 Americans and over 100,000 Filipinos perished? Answer Selected Answer:
the Philippine War
What was lasted from 1899-1903, in which 4,200 Americans and over 100,000 Filipinos perished?
the Philippine War
The name for the coalition of black Republicans and anti-Redeemer Democrats that governed the state of Virginia from 1879 to 1883 was: Answer Selected Answer:
the Readjuster movement.
What was known as the "splendid little war" of 1898?
the Spanish-American War
"The splendid little war" of 1898 was: Answer Selected Answer:
the Spanish-American War.
The second industrial revolution was marked by:
the acceleration of factory production and increased activity in the mining and railroad industries.
In February 1898, what ship exploded in Havana Harbor with a loss of nearly 270 lives: Answer Selected Answer:
the battleship Maine
In February 1898, what ship exploded in Havana Harbor with a loss of nearly 270 lives?
the battleship Maine
Farmers believed that their plight derived from all of the following EXCEPT:
the free and unlimited coinage of silver.
In "A Second Declaration of Independence," labor leader Ira Steward argued that the most pressing problem facing the nation was:
the growing gap between the rich and poor.
In 1883, __________ divided the nation into the four time zones still used today.
the major railroad companies
Bonanza farms:
typically had thousands of acres of land or more.
Which of the following was not a leading strategy of the Populists?
using vigilante tactics to intimidate farmers who failed to join the cause
The Supreme Court in "Lochner v. New York"
voided a state law establishing that bakers could work a maximum of sixty hours per week
Chief Joseph:
wanted freedom for his people, the Nez Percé.
The Greenback-Labor Party:
wanted the federal government to stop taking money out of circulation.
The Immigration Restriction League:
wanted to bar immigrants who were illiterate.
American territorial expansionism:
was a feature of American life since well before independence.
The Knights of Labor:
was an inclusive organization that advocated for a vast array of reforms.
In 1899, President William McKinley explained in an interview with Methodist Church leaders that his decision to annex the Philippines:
was in part based on his desire to educate and uplift the Filipinos.
In the nineteenth century, pools, trusts, and mergers were:
ways that manufacturers sought to control the marketplace.
Elections during the Gilded Age:
were closely contested affairs
Crédit Mobiler and the Whiskey Ring:
were indicative of the corruption in the Grant administration
By 1890, the majority of Americans:
worked for wages.
Journalists who worked for newspapers like William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal, which sensationalized events to sell papers, were called:
yellow journalists.
