APUSH Pretest

'murica

Spanish-American War

All of the following statements about higher education in the United States from 1865 to 1917 are correct EXCEPT:

The teaching of religion became increasingly important at major northeastern institutions

U.S. presidents between 1876 and 1900 were considered among the weakest in American history. A major reason for this was that

they considered themselves caretakers, not dynamic initiators of new legislation.

The "Open Door policy" in 1899 primarily concerned

trade with Asia

Which of the following was a consequence of the shift to sharecropping and the crop lien system in the late nineteenth-century South?

A cycle of debt and depression for Southern tenant farmers

". . . the United States is woefully unready, not only in fact but in purpose, to assert in the Caribbean and Central America a weight of influence proportional to the extent of its interest. We have not the navy, and what is worse, we are not willing to have the navy, that will weigh seriously in any disputes with those nations whose interests will conflict there with our own. We have not, and we are not anxious to provide, the defense of the seaboard which will leave the navy free for its work at sea." This passage was most likely written by

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Which of the following led immediately and directly to Theodore Roosevelt's issuance of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine?

American fear that financial instability in the Dominican Republic would lead to European intervention

Which of the following statements about American cities between 1890 and 1930 is correct?

Area of residence increasingly became an indicator of social class

In the period 1890-1915, all of the following were generally true about African Americans EXCEPT:

Back-to-Africa movements were widely popular among African Americans in urban areas.

The United States Open Door policy in Asia did which of the following?

Bolstered American commercial interests in China.

Which of the following was primarily responsible for the declining death rate in American cities at the end of the nineteenth century?

Cities built sewers and supplied purified water.

The United States army supported Panama's 1903 war of independence against Colombia primarily because

Colombia was asking too high a price for control of the projected Atlantic-Pacific canal

Which of the following best characterizes the "Square Deal" of Theodore Roosevelt?

Conservation, trust-busting, consumer protection

What did the Sherman Anti-Trust Act use as a rationale for breaking up large corporations?

Corporations had to be in restraint of trade

Which of the following was used as "scientific evidence" by wealthy American industrialists in the latter half of the nineteenth century to prove that they deserved the wealth they had accumulated?

Darwin's theory of natural selection

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine did which of the following?

Declared the United States to be the "policeman" of the Western Hemisphere.

Which of the following reformers fought for the rights of the mentally ill?

Dorothea Dix

What was the reaction of most Filipinos when they were liberated from Spanish control and occupied by American forces following the Spanish-American War?

Filipinos, angered at American actions, declared themselves independent and launched a violent rebellion that killed thousands and took two years to quell

William Randolph Hearst's alleged quote, "you furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war," refers to

Frederic Remington's assignment to report on Spanish mistreatment of Cubans in 1898

Which of the following is most closely associated with the Populist movement?

Free coinage of silver

Which of the following is true of the American rail system in the nineteenth century?

Government subsidies and land grants played a major role in its expansion

Which of the following is true of W. E. B. Du Bois?

He founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

As a direct result of the Spanish-American War, the United States gained control over

I and III only

Most immigrants arriving in the United States between 1890 and 1925 came from

I and IV only

Which of the following were the most persistent problem facing municipalities in the United States throughout the last quarter of the nineteenth century?

Inadequate water and sewer systems

Of the following policies pursued by President Theodore Roosevelt, which was NOT a main objective of American progressives?

Intervention in the affairs of Central American governments

How did the U.S. government initially react toward movements to establish trade unions in businesses and factories in the latter half of the nineteenth century?

It actively supported business efforts to destroy unions before they could effectively establish themselves.

Which of the following statements regarding the American Federation of Labor is true?

It considered the strike its strongest weapon.

Which of the following is true of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890?

It had little immediate impact on the regulation of large corporations.

Which of the following is true of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887?

It was an attempt to assimilate the Indians into American society through individual land grants

Which of the following was true of the American labor movement in the late nineteenth century?

It was involved in a number of violent strikes.

Which of the following muckraker's work dealt with the misery of tenement life?

Jacob A. Riis

The only dominant, broad-based labor union in the United States from 1870-1890 was the

Knights of Labor

Which of the following was the most broadly based labor organization in the late nineteenth century?

Knights of Labor

What part of the world was targeted by the Good Neighbor Policy?

Latin America

The creation of the Federal Reserve System in 1913 did. which of the following?

Made currency and credit more elastic.

What best accounts for the sharp increase of immigrants during the period 1880-1910?

Many southern and eastern Europeans turned to America for financial gain and political freedom.

Which of the following best accounts for the fact that Slavic immigrant in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries settled principally in Midwestern cities like Pittsburgh, Detroit, and Chicago?

Midwestern steel, meatpacking, and other mass production industries offered many unskilled jobs.

Which of the following was the intended result of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887?

Native Americans would be coaxed off reservations by land grants and would thus assimilate into Western culture

What late nineteenth-century thesis is associated with Captain Alfred Mahan?

Naval power is the key to international influence.

What issues did farmers have with railroads in the late nineteenth century?

Railroads fixed prices and charged discriminatory freight rates.

Mark Twain's classic stories, such as Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn, typified a trend toward which of the following themes in turn-of-the-century American literature?

Realistic

"The price which society pays for the law of competition... is great; but the advantages of this law are also greater... [W]hether the law be benign or not, we must say of it: It is here; we cannot evade it; ...it is best for the race, because it ensures the survival of the fittest in every department." The above passage is characteristic of

Social Darwinism

The primary cause of the Spanish-American War was

Spanish occupation of the Panama Canal.

Which of the following statements about the American Federation of Labor (AFL) is NOT accurate?

The AFL opposed restrictions on immigration into the United States.

Which of the following labor organizations endorsed the philosophy of "bread and butter" unionism by concentrating on demands for higher wages, shorter hours, and improved working conditions?

The American Federation of Labor

Which of the following occurred during Taft's presidency?

The Ballinger-Pinchot Affair

What event in the late nineteenth century helped encourage urban planning in the United States?

The Chicago World's Fair

Which of the following acts was the most beneficial to labor?

The Clayton Antitrust Act

What strike in the 1890s led to violence and death in the steel industry?

The Homestead strike of 1892

What radical labor organizers gained workers' rights in the textile industry in the early twentieth century?

The IWW, or Wobblies

As a result of the Spanish-American War, Spain relinquished to the United States control of Puerto Rico, Cuba, and which of the following?

The Philippines

Which of the following acts of Congress best exemplify the aims of the progressive era?

The Pure Food and Drug Act

Which of the following regulatory laws was passed as a result of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle?

The Pure Food and Drug Act

Which of the following constitutes a significant change in the treatment of American Indians during the last half of the nineteenth century?

The division of the tribal lands among individual members

What made the federal intervention in the 1902 coal strike different from previous labor conflicts?

The government was more impartial and did not support management.

Which of the following statements about woman suffrage is true?

The only states with complete woman suffrage before 1900 were west of the Mississippi.

What helped cause the Panic of 1873?

The overexpansion of American railroads led to speculation

What era is referred to as the Gilded Age?

The post-Civil War Era

All of the following were reasons for the failure of the People's (Populist) party EXCEPT:

The prosperity of the early 1890's undermined popular support for Populist economic reforms

Which of the following statements best describes the clothing industry in the late nineteenth century?

The sewing machine made mass manufacturing of clothing possible and clothing more affordable.

In what way did the muckrakers contribute to the rise of Progressivism in the early years of the twentieth century?

Their exposés of government and business corruption, abuse, and mismanagement led to widely supported public demands for effective reform

Which of the following was true of the settlement-house workers of the late nineteenth and early twentie

They included large numbers of middle-class, college-educated women.

Which of the following best characterizes the muck-rakers of the early twentieth century?

They were leading critics of urban boss politics.

Which of the following had integration rather than Black separatism as a goal?

W. E. B. Du Bois and the Niagara movement

What trend in news reporting became popular in America near the beginning of the twentieth century?

Yellow journalism

The settlement-house movement drew its workers primarily from which of the following groups?

Young, affluent, college-educated women

Theodore Roosevelt's mediation in the Russo-Japanese War reflected his belief that United States interests

a balance of power between Russia and Japan

fatguymoney

a politician ruled by greed.

The Haymarket Incident involved

a riot between striking workers and police

One of the major effects of the Industrial Revolution of the late nineteenth century in the United States was

an increased emphasis on speed rather than quality of work

A member of the Social Gospel movement would probably

argue that Christians should work to reorganize the industrial system and bring about international peace

The United States took control of the Philippines in 1898

as a result the Spanish-American War

The intent of the Dawes Act of 1887 was to

assimilate American Indians into the mainstream of American culture

Progressives supported greater participation in the political process through all of the following EXCEPT

city manager government

During the last decade of the nineteenth century, the primary use of the Sherman Antitrust Act was to

curb labor unions

The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 was aimed primarily at

curbing abusive pricing and hauling policies by the nation's railroads.

The Spanish-American war spurred building of the Panama Canal by

demonstrating the need to shift naval forces quickly from the Atlantic to the Pacific

D. W. Griffith's epic film The Birth of a Nation (1915) became controversial because of its

depiction of Ku Klux Klan activities as heroic and commendable

In the late nineteenth-century United States, farmers sought federal relief from distress caused by

discriminatory freight rates

All of the following account for nativist sentiment against the "new immigrants" of the late nineteenth century EXCEPT that the immigrants

dominated the professions of law, medicine, and engineering

The "free silver" campaign of 1896 received its greatest popular support from

farmers, who hoped that a more generous money supply would ease their debt burdens

During the closing decades of the nineteenth century, farmers complained about all of the following EXCEPT

high storage costs

A company that buys up other businesses in the same industry is an example of

horizontal integration

Constitutional amendments enacted during the Progressive Era concerned all of the following EXCEPT

imposition of poll taxes

All of the following are true concerning the women's suffrage movement EXCEPT

it first met success in the New England states

During the decade following passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act, most courts applied the rule to break up

labor unions

Most Progressives sought all of the following EXCEPT the

legislative creation of a socialist commonwealth

In the late nineteenth century, political machines such as Tammany Hall were successful primarily because

machine politicians provided needed jobs and services to naturalized citizens in return for their votes

The main idea of Theodore Roosevelt's proposed "New Nationalism" was to

make the federal government an instrument of domestic reform

The main idea of Theodore Roosevelt's proposed "New Nationalism" was to

make the federal government an instrument of domestic reform.

Joseph Pulitzer achieved fame and wealth as a

newspaper publisher

The "Ghost Dancer" movement among Western Native Americans stressed all of the following EXCEPT

non-violence

"We have pacified some thousands of the islanders and buried them; destroyed their fields; burned their villages, and turned their widows and orphans out-of-doors; subjugated the remaining ten millions by benevolent assimilation .... And 'so, by these Providences of God- and the phrase is the government's, not mine--we are a World Power." The statement above was most probably made in reference to United States policy in the

occupation of the Philippines

The term "welfare capitalism" refers to the corporate practice of

offering workers incentives, such as pensions and profit-sharing, to dissuade them from joining unions

The Open Door policy of the early twentieth century called for

open access to China for American investment and commercial interests

The Roosevelt Corollary of 1904 did all of the following EXCEPT

pave the way for our construction of the Panama Canal

The era from the end of the Civil War to the outbreak of the First World War was characterized by

periodic economic panic and depression

The "New Immigration" was made up primarily of

persons from Southern and Eastern Europe

The Black Codes passed in a number of southern states after the Civil War were intended to

place limits on the socioeconomic opportunities open to Black people

Thomas Nast achieved fame and influence as a

political cartoonist.

The political machines such as Tammany Hall which ran American cities at the turn of the century derived their strongest support from

poor immigrants and ethnic communities in the inner city.

Someone who emigrated to the United States during the nineteenth century probably chose his or her new hometown based on where

relatives already lived

The thrust of Roosevelt's "Good Neighbor" policy was to

retreat from the military interventionism and blatant economic domination which had characterized previous American policy toward Latin America.

In its decision in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court held that

separate but equal facilities for different races were constitutional

Immigrants coming to America from Eastern and Southern Europe during the late nineteenth century were most likely to

settle in large cities in the Northeast or Midwest

Immigrants coming to America from Eastern and Southern Europe during the late nineteenth century were most likely to

settle in large cities in the Northeast or Midwest.

The American Federation of Labor under the leadership of Samuel Gompers organized

skilled workers in craft unions in order to achieve economic gains

The Palmer Raids of 1919 were conducted against

suspected communists and anarchists

The following is from Jacob Riis's How the Other Half Lives, an exposé of immigrant life in New York in the 1880s: "Six months of the year the cloakmaker is idle, or nearly so. Now is his harvest. Seventy-five cents a cloak, all complete, is the price in his shop. The cloak is of cheap plush, and might sell for eight or nine dollars over the store counter. Seven dollars is the weekly wage of this man with wife and two children, and nine dollars and a half rent to pay per month. A boarder pays about a third of it. There was a time when he made ten dollars a week and thought himself rich." According to the passage, an immigrant family was able to make ends meet by

taking in boarders to share the rent

"Now, a word about the whole Bible. I believe it is a master stroke of Satan to get us to doubt any portion of the Bible. If he can get us to doubt just one thing in that book, he has accomplished a great point, and it is going to be the overthrow of many a man's and woman's faith." The passage above, from the nineteenth century, expresses the viewpoint of the proponents of

the Gospel of Wealth

"This, then, is held to be the duty of the man of wealth: to consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer and strictly bound as a matter of duty to administer in the manner which, in his judgment, is best calculated to produce the most beneficial results for the community--the man of wealth thus becoming the mere agent and trustee for his poorer brethren." These sentiments are most characteristic of

the Gospel of Wealth

"This, then, is held to be the duty of the man of wealth: to consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer and strictly bound as a matter of duty to administer in the manner which, in his judgment, is best calculated to produce the most beneficial results for the community—the man of wealth thus becoming the mere agent and trustee for his poorer brethren.'' These sentiments are most characteristic of

the Gospel of Wealth

All of the following contributed to the rise of big business EXCEPT

the Northern Securities decision of 1904

As a result of the Spanish-American War, the United States gained possession of Puerto Rico, Guam, and

the Philippines

The farmers' protest movement lost momentum at the end of the 1890's for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

the absorption of the populists by the AFL (American Federation of Labor)

The "White Man's Burden" referred to

the belief that it was the duty of Whites to "civilize" non-white people through colonization or economic dominance of non-white lands.

The most important factor in the destruction of the Plains Indians' societies by Whites in the late nineteenth century was

the destruction of the Buffalo herds by Whites.

In the late nineteenth century, all of the following encouraged American jingoism EXCEPT

the flooding of American markets by foreign producers

The Niagara Movement resulted in

the formation of the NAACP

All of the following were objectives of W.E.B. DuBois EXCEPT

the total enfranchisement of all eligible Black citizens

All of the following are true of railroad expansion in the late nineteenth century EXCEPT that it

was financed by private corporations without government assistanc

The disagreement between W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington regarding the status of African-Americans in the early twentieth century is best summed up as a debate over

whether African-Americans should first seek legal or economic equality with white Americans

Helen Hunt Jackson' s A Century of Dishonor was significant because it aroused public awareness of the

wrongs that the federal government had inflicted on American Indians