APUSH Unit 3 FULL test review

What role did Crispus Attucks play in the Revolutionary War era? A) He led the Boston Tea Party. B) He was shot during the Boston Massacre. C) He assisted George Washington at Yorktown. D) He switched from the Colonial to the British side.

B) He was shot during the Boston Massacre. ~Crispus Attucks was a sailor who, in 1770, was protesting against British policies in Massachusetts. On March 5, 1770, Attucks was shot during the Boston Massacre, becoming the first person to die during that important event. Today, historians are unsure whether Attucks was a runaway slave or a free man, but his place in history is an important one.

The British surrendered to the Continental Army in 1781 following A) the Boston Massacre. B) the Battle of Yorktown. C) the Battle of Saratoga. D) the Battle of Lexington.

B) the Battle of Yorktown. ~The British surrendered to the Continental Army in 1781 following the battle of Yorktown. This was the last battle of the Revolutionary War, though the actual peace treaty would not be passed for another 2 years.

Establishment of land rights for these states (Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin) was primarily set by... A) the Midwestern Compact. B) the Northwest Ordinance. C) the Missouri Compromise. D) the Albany Plan of Union.

B) the Northwest Ordinance. ~Establishment of land rights for those states in white were primarily set by the Northwest Ordinance. The Northwest Ordinance (1787) was one of the few things that the Articles of Confederation was able to accomplish in its brief existence.

The message of this political cartoon (Skull and Bones that says "This is the place to affix the stamp." is to... A) support the early Pirate trades. B) urge the repeal of the Stamp Act. C) alert people of British war crimes. D) represent the dangers of the Pony Express.

B) urge the repeal of the Stamp Act. ~The message of the political cartoon above is to urge the repeal of the Stamp Act. Colonists especially hated this tax, for it was needed to make documents (such as birth and marriage certificates, contracts, deeds) official and legally binding.

Which of the following events directly supports Zinn's argument? A. the Sons of Liberty destroying tea on a British ship B. American soldiers raiding the food stores of wealthy merchant in Philadelphia C. the division and sale of loyalist property by the colonial British official D. the alliances between American Indians and American military leaders buring the war

B. American soldiers raiding the food stores of wealthy merchants in Philadelphia

Which of the following divisions demonstrates the strongest continuity with the division describes in the excerpt? A. the divisions of Americans into wealth loyalists and average patriots during the war B. the division of Americans into Federalists and Anti- Federalists during ratification C. the division of Americans into Federalists and Republicans in the late 18th century D. the division of Americans into pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups in the 19th century

B. the division of Americans into Federalists and Republicans in the late 18th century

Following the Treaty of 1783 that ended the American Revolution, the western-most boundary of the United States was set at the A) Pacific Ocean. B) Rocky Mountains C) Mississippi River. D) Appalachian Mountain.

C) Mississippi River. ~Following the Treaty of 1783 that ended the American Revolution, the western-most boundary of the United States was set at the Mississippi River. This was a substantial increase of territorial gain for the United States, for as the 13 colonies the British had legally prohibited them from settling to the west of the Appalachian Mountains.

The assistance of the French was given to the American Continental Army after the battle of A) Cowpens. B) New York. C) Saratoga. D) Lexington.

C) Saratoga. ~The French had been waiting to see if the Americans could offer a significant fight against the British, a long-time French enemy. The battle of Saratoga showed the Americans' resolve and caused the French to contribute militarily. Their aid was of tremendous value to the Revolution and likely helped win it for the Americans.

This painting (people in masks throwing tea off a boat that is in the harbor) is showing the actions of American colonists at the 1773 protest known by what name? A) The Plymouth Rocks B) The Boston Massacre C) The Boston Tea Party D) The New York Draft Riots

C) The Boston Tea Party ~This is showing The Boston Tea Party. Colonists were outraged at the increase in taxes on tea imported into the colonies. Even worse, colonists had no choice but to buy their tea from Britain, meaning there was no competition from other tea suppliers. This protest caused many, many more conflicts, resulting in the American Revolution.

Which statement BEST describes one outcome of the First Continental Congress? A) The colonists declared independence from Great Britain. B) King George III sent a letter to apologize for British actions. C) The colonists expressed their dissatisfaction with British rule. D) The Intolerable Acts were repealed and colonial demands were met.

C) The colonists expressed their dissatisfaction with British rule. ~The colonists defended their right to run their own affairs. Each colony, except for Georgia, had a representative at the First Continental Congress. The representatives wanted to establish a political body to represent American interests, while still remaining loyal to the powerful British Empire.

*American Revolution *Haitian Revolution *Sepoy Rebellion What is a common thread with these events? A) They all took place in the 1700s. B) They all took place in the 1800s. C) They were fought against an imperial power. D) They all resulted in independence for the victor.

C) They were fought against an imperial power. ~All of these were fought against an imperial power. The American Revolution and the Sepoy Rebellion were against the British, while the Haitian Revolution was against the French. The Seopy Rebellion was the only one of the three that did not succeed in independence.

In the United States, the Marquis de Lafayette is best known for... A) giving away secrets to the Germans in World War II. B) his role in the XYZ Affair with the French government. C) fighting for the United States in the American Revolution. D) leading the French Resistance to aid American pilots in World War II.

C) fighting for the United States in the American Revolution. ~The aristocratic, young (19 years old!) French soldier not only trained colonial troops but was also fighting for the United States in the American Revolution. After the war, Lafayette returned to France where, eventually, he was a leader in that country's revolution.

Although the Three-Fifths Compromise helped Northern and Southern states reach an agreement that allowed for ratification of the Constitution, in the long run it had a negative effect on the nation because A) it gave too much power to the executive branch of the government. B) it forced the Founding Fathers to add the Bill of Rights to the Constitution. C) it was only a temporary solution to the argument between "free" and "slave" states. D) it gave too much power to state governments and not enough to the federal government.

C) it was only a temporary solution to the argument between "free" and "slave" states. ~Although the Three-Fifths Compromise helped Northern and Southern states reach an agreement that allowed for ratification of the Constitution, in the long run it had a negative effect on the nation because it was only a temporary solution to the argument between "free" and "slave" states.

"And as this frequent interchange will establish a common interest with every part of the community, they will mutually and naturally support each other, and on this...depends the strength of the government and the happiness of the governed. Here then is the origin and rise of government; namely, a mode rendered necessary by the inability of moral virtue to govern the world; here too is...Freedom and security." -Thomas Paine, excerpt from Common Sense, 1776 "The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen United States of America, When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation." -Excerpt from Declaration of Independence, 1776 What does Thomas Paine believe the government should protect? A) life, property rights, and the pursuit of happiness B) life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness C) life, liberty, and property rights D) life, unity, and property rights

C) life, liberty, and property rights ~Thomas Paine only believed that the government should protect life, liberty, and property rights. Thomas Jefferson changed the ideal of the Enlightenment movement to reflect the right to pursue what one wanted without government restrictions.

Which of the following is true of a loose interpretation of the Constitution

II, IV (II. It relies heavily on the necessary and proper clause) (IV. It expands the power of congress)

The inauguration of President Thomas Jefferson was as significant occasion because

It marked the peaceful transition from one political power to another

Which of the following statements about the Missouri Compromise is true?

It prohibited slavery north of the 36th degree 30 minute line in the Louisiana territory except Missouri

Which of the following is not true of the American System

It proposed a federal income tax

The Chief justice of the supreme court who established the independence of the federal judiciary was

John Marshall

The foreign policy successes of the Monroe Administration were largely the result of

John Quincy Adams as secretary of state

The basis for the industrial revolution during the republican era lay in the

Manufacture of textiles in New England factories

Government polices regarding the Indians

Often led to a cycle of white encroachment, Indian resistance, and ultimately, tribal defeat

The Proclamation of 1763

This was issued by King George III at the end of the French and Indian War/Seven Years War to organize Britain's new North American empire. It regulated trade, settlement, and land purchases with the Native Americans. It gave Britain a monopoly on land purchased west of the Appalachian.

The most important motive underlying Hamilton's economic program was

To strengthen the power of the national government

Jefferson attempted to coerce Britain and France into recognition of neutral rights through

a trade embargo

One result of peaceful transfer of power in the 1800s was

An expansion in the popular interest in politics

Citizen Edmund Genet

Attempted to overturn Washington's Proclamation of neutrality by going directly to congress

The Virginia-Kentucky resolutions included which of the following

A state's right to nullify federal law

* "They tell us, sir, that we are weak; unable to cope with so formidable an adversary... Will it be when we are totally disarmed, and when a... guard shall be stationed in every house?... we are invincible by any force which our enemy can send against us." Patrick Henry March 23, 1775 Who/what is the adversary Patrick Henry speaks of? A) British B) Congress C) liberty D) inaction

A) British ~The adversary Patrick Henry speaks of is the British. He was instrumental in getting the independence movement going in the American colonies.

The western expansion that occurred in the 19th century

Fueled a desire among Americans for even more growth and territorial acquisitions

..However, the original intention of the Fathers to admit the yeoman into an important but sharply limited partnership in affairs of state could not be perfectly realized. At the time the Constitution was made, Southern planters and Northern merchants were setting their differences aside in order to meet common dangers---from radicals within and more powerful nations without. After the Constitution was adopted, conflict between the ruling classes broke out anew, especially after powerful planters were offended by the favoritism of Hamilton's policies to Northern commercial interests. The planters turned to the farmers to form an agrarian alliance, and for more than half a century this powerful coalition embraced the bulk of the articulate interests of the country. Excerpt from "The Founding Fathers-Age of Realism" by Richard Hofstadter According to this passage, why did political parties NOT emerge during the Constitutional Convention? A) Different factions were able to set aside difference to face more pressing outside threats. B) Different interests did not occur until after Alexander Hamilton became Secretary of Treasury. C) Southern planters and Northern merchants had the same viewpoints on issues until industry became more developed. D) Southern planters and Northern merchants were aligned with the goal of keeping common farmers out of the new republic.

A) Different factions were able to set aside difference to face more pressing outside threats. ~According to this passage, political parties not emerge during the Constitutional Convention because different factions were able to set aside difference to face more pressing outside threats. After the Constitution was ratified, then commercial interests began to divide different interest groups leading to a two political party system.

Which term would NOT be associated with President James Madison? A) Federalist B) War of 1812 C) Secretary of State D) Father of the Constitution

A) Federalist ~Federalist is a term that would NOT be associated with President Madison. He was a Democratic-Republican who served as Secretary of State under President Jefferson. He helped draft the Bill of Rights and also declared war on Great Britain which was nicknamed "Mr. Madison's War."

As a result of the Treaty of Paris of 1763, A) France lost all of its possessions in North America. B) most of Spain's New World empire was transferred to France. C) New York was returned to the French in exchange for a British control of India. D) the British gained Florida and Canada and became the sole power in North America.

A) France lost all of its possessions in North America. ~The Treaty of Paris (1763) ended the Seven Years' War between Britain and France. In the terms, France lost all of its possessions in the North America, as well as its influence in India. Neither New York nor Florida, however, were not a part of it.

In what way was the independence movement in Haiti DIFFERENT from the independence movement led by Simon Bolivar in South America? A) Haiti's was a violent slave revolt. B) Haiti's movement was not successful. C) Haiti revolted against Spanish control. D) Haiti won their independence with U.S. assistance.

A) Haiti's was a violent slave revolt. ~Though both independence movements involved war, Haiti's was a violent slave revolt. Haiti eventually succeeded in its attempt to break free of French control, but Bolivar's efforts in South America were more of a struggle against local elites and Spanish elites.

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." --Thomas Jefferson, The Declaration of Independence, 1776 Thomas Jefferson's statement about unalienable rights would MOST likely have been influenced by the writings of A) John Locke B) James Madison C) Benjamin Franklin D) Jean-Jacques Rousseau

A) John Locke ~When Thomas Jefferson wrote that life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness are all "unalienable" rights, he was expressing ideas written by English philosopher John Locke in Two Treatises of Government .

Which Native American was responsible for attacks against the British military in the Great Lakes region following the French and Indian War? A) Pontiac B) Powhatan C) Metacomet D) Chief Joseph

A) Pontiac ~Pontiac was a chief of the Ottawa tribe who became famous for his role in Pontiac's Rebellion (1763-1766). Pontiac gained publicity in the Illinois and Wabash country as he continued to encourage resistance to the British.

"There remains but one other view of this matter to conclude the point. The truth is, after all the declamation we have heard, that the constitution is itself in every rational sense, and to every useful purpose, A BILL OF RIGHTS. The several bills of rights, in Great-Britain, form its constitution, and conversely the constitution of each state is its bill of rights. And the proposed constitution, if adopted, will be the bill of rights of the union. Is it one object of a bill of rights to declare and specify the political privileges of the citizens in the structure and administration of the government? This is done in the most ample and precise manner in the plan of the convention, comprehending various precautions for the public security, which are not to be found in any of the state constitutions. Is another object of a bill of rights to define certain immunities and modes of proceeding, which are relative to personal and private concerns? This we have seen has also been attended to, in a variety of cases, in the same plan." -Alexander Hamilton, excerpt of Federalist, No. 84, 1788 Why did Hamilton say that a Bill of Rights was not necessary to be added to the Constitution? A) The national and state constitutions were already a bill of rights guaranteed by the people. B) The Bill of Rights were already ample and of a precise manner within the convention. C) Great Britain had a Bill of Rights under which many were born under and had protection. D) The people had natural rights that could not be taken away by the government.

A) The national and state constitutions were already a bill of rights guaranteed by the people. ~The national and state constitutions were a bill or rights guaranteed by the people and the proposed constitution would be the bill of rights of the entire nation. Hamilton believed that a bill of rights would actually hinder personal freedoms as it became examined and questioned.

Thomas Paine's Common Sense encouraged support for the American independence movement by A) appealing to the colonists' sense of inalienable rights and liberty. B) blaming the British for starting the "peculiar institution" of slavery. C) listing specific grievances against King George III and the British government. D) reminding Americans that colonies fighting for independence rarely resulted in success.

A) appealing to the colonists' sense of inalienable rights and liberty. ~Thomas Paine's Common Sense encouraged support for the American independence movement by appealing to the colonists' sense of inalienable rights and liberty. The 48 page pamphlet was written in terms that the average colonist could easily understand and relate to; it eventually had the largest circulation of any publication up to that point in American history.

Comparing Sides in the American Revolution: American Colonies vs. Great Britain Population (approximate)- (AC) 3 million (GB) 12 million Industry- (AC) very little, beginning stages (GB)Widespread, advanced Army- (AC) Small, volunteer forces, poorly equipped (GB) Large, professional; well supplied Navy- (AC) New; very few ships (GB) Strongest in the world; 100+ ships in the war Military Officers- (AC) Few experienced, able leaders (GB) Many experienced, able leaders Geography- (AC) Familiar landscape; access to supplies (GB) Foreign land; supplies 3,000 miles away Based on this chart, British forces would have had a major disadvantage A) getting their troops to specific locations. B) finding leaders capable of commanding troops. C) making enough goods to keep their forces armed. D) breaking coastal blockades set up by the Americans.

A) getting their troops to specific locations. ~Unlike the Colonists, British military leaders and soldiers were not as familiar with the terrain of North America. Because of this geographic disadvantage, getting their troops to specific locations was challenging. Also, getting their supplies all the way from England and then TO the troops in the field was quite hard.

The excerpts were written in response to the A. British government's attempt to assert greater control over the North American colonies B. British government's failure to protect colonists from attacks by American Indians C. colonial government's failures to implement mercantilist policies D. colonial government's attempts to extend political rights to new groups

A. British government's attempt to assert greater control over the North American colonies

Federalist No. 51 ...In republican government, the legislative authority necessarily predominates. The remedy for this inconveniency is to divide the legislature into different branches; and to render them, by different modes of election and different principles of action, as little connected with each other as the nature of their common functions and their common dependence on the society will admit. It may even be necessary to guard against dangerous encroachments by still further precautions. As the weight of the legislative authority requires that it should be thus divided, the weakness of the executive may require, on the other hand, that it should be fortified.... In Federalist No. 51, James Madison's concerns about a powerful legislative branch point to his belief in A) Federalism B) Bicameralism C) Direct Democracy D) Individual Rights

B) Bicameralism ~Madison's response to those who feared a too-powerful legislative branch of government was Bicameralism. Literally it means "two houses," but practically it meant splitting the legislative branch into the House of Representatives and the Senate.

Which of these was a contributing factor to the conflict between England and the American Colonists? A) England's repeal of the Stamp Act. B) England's desire to control trade in their American colonies. C) England allowed colonists to have a large voice in Parliament. D) England's willingness to allow western expansion by the colonists.

B) England's desire to control trade in their American colonies. ~England's desire to control trade in their American colonies was a contributing factor to the conflict between England and the American Colonists. The other choices are, in fact, exact opposites to reality.

Historians might content that Jefferson's characterization of his election as the revolution of 1800 was incorrect for which of the following reasons

Growth in this period expanded the idea of a simple rural and agrarian republic

Federalist No. 10 AMONG the numerous advantages promised by a well-constructed Union, none deserves to be more accurately developed than its tendency to break and control the violence of faction....By a faction, I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adversed to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community....When a majority is included in a faction, the form of popular government... enables it to sacrifice to its ruling passion or interest both the public good and the rights of other citizens. To secure the public good and private rights against the danger of such a faction, and at the same time to preserve the spirit and the form of popular government, is then the great object to which our inquiries are directed. In Federalist No. 10, what principle of U.S. government would the author- James Madison- be MOST likely to suggest as a remedy for the presence of "factions"? A) Bicameralism B) Republicanism C) Direct Democracy D) Individual Rights

B) Republicanism ~ Madison- and the other authors of the Federalist Papers- were huge proponents of Republicanism. They believed that the formation of a large republic in which there are a great number of voters would prevent a small group of people from essentially commanding the direction of the government. Such would be the case, they argued, with another government structure similar to the one found in the Articles of Confederation. It should be noted that many of leading political minds at the time were not huge fans of "direct democracy."

This 1765 revenue law of the British parliament succeeded in angering the American colonists, not because it taxed most documents but because the colonists had no voice in its passage. A) The Tea Act. B) The Stamp Act. C) The Sugar Act. D) The Townshend Acts.

B) The Stamp Act. ~The Stamp Act succeeded in angering the colonists. A "stamp tax" was common in Britain, but, unlike British citizens in Europe, the colonists had no voice in the passage of the Stamp Act. The Stamp Act spurred one of the earliest cries of "taxation without representation is tyranny."

Which of these took place as a result of the end of the American Revolution? A) The country of Canada gained independence. B) The control of Florida was given back to Spain. C) The United States gained access to all lands west of the Appalachians. D) The United States received all of the former British lands in North America.

B) The control of Florida was given back to Spain. ~As a result of the end of the American Revolution, Great Britain officially recognized the independence of the United States, but a great deal of territory changed hands, too. The U.S.'s western-most boundary was set at the Mississippi River, meaning the British lost all rights to those lands. They did maintain control of Canada, though. All of this was product of 1783's Treaty of Paris. However, in a separate agreement between Britain and Spain, the control of Florida was given back to Spain from the British. Controversy over the Florida territory would build between the U.S. and Spain over the next three decades.

"..However, the original intention of the Fathers to admit the yeoman into an important but sharply limited partnership in affairs of state could not be perfectly realized. At the time the Constitution was made, Southern planters and Northern merchants were setting their differences aside in order to meet common dangers---from radicals within and more powerful nations without. After the Constitution was adopted, conflict between the ruling classes broke out anew, especially after powerful planters were offended by the favoritism of Hamilton's policies to Northern commercial interests. The planters turned to the farmers to form an agrarian alliance, and for more than half a century this powerful coalition embraced the bulk of the articulate interests of the country." - Excerpt from "The Founding Fathers-Age of Realism" by Richard Hofstadter According to this passage, why did wealthy planters and poor farmers unite under the same political party? A) They wanted to insure that industry would also expand into the South. B) They formed an agricultural alliance to resist increasing Northern industry. C) They both feared a strong Federal government and wanted a more powerful state. D) The wealthy planters feared revolt among poor farmers and began to allow them more political participation.

B) They formed an agricultural alliance to resist increasing Northern industry. ~According to this passage, wealthy planters and poor farmers united under the same political party because they formed an agricultural alliance to resist increasing Northern industry. As Alexander Hamilton began to adopt policies such as high tariffs, that favored business interests, both groups saw agricultural interests as more important than social class differences.

Charles Pinckney (Representative of South Carolina) Speech at Ratification Convention May 14, 1788: I trust that when we proceed to review the system by sections, it will be found to contain all those necessary provisions and restraints, which while they enable the general government to guard and protect our common rights as a nation, to restore to us those blessings of commerce and mutual confidence which have been so long removed and impaired, will secure to use those rights which as the citizens of a state will make us happy and content at home as the citizens of the Union respectable abroad. Based on this excerpt, which document was Charles Pinckney supporting? A) Treaty of Paris B) U.S. Constitution C) Articles of Confederation D) Declaration of Independence

B) U.S. Constitution Using the prompt above, the document that Charles Pinckney was supporting was the U.S. Constitution. Pinckney saw that there were economic problems caused by the weakness of the Articles of Confederation and supported adopting the Constitution.

During the American Revolution TORIES were A) French soldiers who fought for Americans. B) colonists who were loyal to Great Britain. C) German soldiers who fought against Americans. D) colonists who supported breaking from Great Britain.

B) colonists who were loyal to Great Britain. ~During the American Revolution, "Tories" were colonists who were loyal to Great Britain. Many colonists were fearful of that fighting against the British Empire was doomed to failure, so supporting a losing cause would be a fatal move. It turns out they were quite wrong.

Congress called for a convention to be held in Philadelphia in 1787 in order to A) declare independence from England. B) revise the Articles of Confederation. C) establish a new Constitution for the United States. D) direct the Revolutionary War effort against England.

B) revise the Articles of Confederation. ~The original purpose of the convention on Philadelphia in 1787 was to revise the Articles of Confederation. Because of this, they kept all proceedings private: if their actions had been known they could have been tried for overthrowing the government (which they were doing, albeit kindly and peacefully).

The outcome of the Whiskey rebellion was significant in that the new national government was shown to

Have the power necessary to force compliance with their laws

Which of the following is not true of Jefferson as President

He was President during the war of 1812

This cartoon (Chopped up snake that its part was labeled with the colonies. It states "Join or Die") was published by Benjamin Franklin in 1754. The cartoon encouraged... A) States to ratify the new Constitution. B) Confederate states to organize a government. C) American colonies to unite in their efforts. D) Britain to establish more American Colonies.

C) American colonies to unite in their efforts. ~The cartoon encouraged American colonies to unite in their efforts. To this point of unity, Franklin is quoted as saying "We must hang together, or we most assuredly will hang separately." What a character, that Ben was!

The Declaration of Independence and the "Social Contract Theory" both arose from which philosophical movement? A) Realism B) Humanism C) Enlightenment D) Existentialism

C) Enlightenment ~The Declaration of Independence and the "Social Contract Theory" both arose from the Enlightenment. The "Social Contract" theory was popularized by the philosophers Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau and incorporated into the Declaration by Thomas Jefferson.

* 1787-1816: Federalist Party-Founded by pro-business and those who favored a strong central government * 1792-1825: Democratic-Republican Party- Started by Thomas Jefferson and those who do not favor a strong central government * 1825- 1860: Whig Party- Formed from people who had been Federalists * 1828- present: Democratic Party- Formed by Andrew Jackson and supported by those who believed in states' rights * 1854-present: Republican Party- founded by former anti-slavery Whigs and "Free Soilers" People who urged the ratification of the Constitution would have been MOST likely to join which political party? A) Democratic B) Democratic-Republican C) Federalist D) Whig

C) Federalist ~The Federalist Party was formed BY people who supported the ratification of the Constitution. Remember that the Constitution created a stronger national government than the government that had been formed under the Articles of Confederation.

Father, I with some of my Brethren made certain objections to that Treaty, but finally thought it best it should be signed, and we wish to adhere to it, and hope our white brethren will do so. Father, We wish to reap advantages from cultivating the Earth as you do, and request ploughs and other necessary tools may be put into the hands of the Interpreter at Fort Wayne to be dealt out to any who will receive and make use of them for the purpose intended... Father, Should this request be granted nothing shall be wanting on the part of your children the Chiefs, to introduce husbandry among their children, if the United States will furnish them with the proper utensils. But Father nothing can be done to advantage unless the great Council of the Sixteen fires now assembled will prohibit any person from selling any Spiritous Liquors among their Red Brothers. - Address from Chief Little Turtle in 1802 to President Jefferson Which statement would BEST explain why Chief Turtle encouraged his tribe to sign the Treaty of Greenville? A) He hoped that the land would remain reserved and free of attempts to cultivate it. B) He thought if he signed the agreement then the settlers would stop trying to sell alcohol to his people. C) He hoped that the agreement would allow Native Americans the ability to cultivate their own land with protection. D) He was forced to sign the agreement because the other leaders did not want to fight the American government any longer.

C) He hoped that the agreement would allow Native Americans the ability to cultivate their own land with protection. ~The statement that would BEST explain why Chief Turtle encouraged his tribe to sign the Treaty of Greenville is he hoped that the agreement would allow Native Americans the ability to cultivate their own land with protection. He hoped by stopping resistance that the government would stick to it's agreement and that the Natives would be able to cultivate the land by gaining access to better tools.

Which tribal league is often credited with providing a model system of government that was later adopted by the United States? A) Huron League B) Creek League C) Iroquois League D) Algonquian League

C) Iroquois League ~The Iroquois League was formed of five tribes, with a sixth joining later. A council consisting of chiefs and sachems (leaders) were responsible for the league. The Iroquois became a basis for United States Government.

The American system contained provisions for

High tariffs to promote US industry which would provide funds for internal improvements such as roads and canals

James Monroe was known for

His honesty and integrity

Jefferson was initially reluctant to purchase Louisiana because of

His strict constructionist views

The battles of Lexington and Concord signaled A) the emergence of the United States as a major world power. B) the final French defeat in North America, which drove them from the continent. C) the beginning of the Revolutionary War in the North American British colonies. D) the final defeat of the British, in which Cornwallis had to surrender to Washington.

C) the beginning of the Revolutionary War in the North American British colonies. ~Lexington and Concord signaled the beginning of the Revolutionary War in the North American British colonies. These are often referred to as the "shots heard round the world" due to their importance and impact.

"THESE are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands by it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly: it is dearness only that gives every thing its value." - Thomas Paine, The Crisis, December 23, 1776 In this section of The Crisis, Paine is suggesting that A) the war will soon be over. B) Americans are too weak to fight. C) times are tough, but victory is possible. D) the British are too powerful to conquer.

C) times are tough, but victory is possible. ~This is part of the opening paragraph of The Crisis. It was written at a time when the Continental Army was in retreat and had been defeated by the British a number of times. In fact, was written on the very day that General Washington famously crossed the Delaware River in retreat. However, rather than complain that all was lost, Paine notes that tyranny "is not easily conquered," and that "the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph." In other words, he is comforting the reader with the understanding that even though times are tough, victory is possible.

The principles expressed by Pained and Jefferson best account for which of the following features of the United States during and immediately after the American Revolution? A. the development of factions and powerful political parties B. the rapid expansion of frontier settlements C. the relatively limited powers granted to the first confederation government

C. the relatively limited powers granted to the first confederation government

Which event marked an end to the period in the American colonies known as "salutary neglect"? A) Boston Tea Party B) Bacon's Rebellion C) King Philip's War D) French & Indian War

D) French & Indian War ~French & Indian War is the event that marked an end to the period in the American colonies known as "salutary neglect". As a result of the debt accumulated in the war, Great Britain began to pass new taxes and enforce navigational acts that had been previously ignored. This angered the colonists that had been used to having more autonomy.

Which of the following was a primary role of education for children in the New Republican

Education to create a nation of virtuous citizens to make political decisions

Which sentence describes the power to tax given to the U.S. Congress by the Articles of Confederation? A) Congress could pass a tax with Presidential approval. B) 3/4 of Congress had to agree on passing a tax. C) All of Congress had to agree on passing a tax. D) Congress could not tax.

D) Congress could not tax. ~A major weakness of the Articles of Confederation was that Congress could not tax. Congress could only request that taxes be submitted. This is a big weakness because tax money IS needed to do things like fund a military and provide much-needed services for the country.

All of following provisions of Hamilton's financial plan for the new union were adopted EXCEPT

Enacting a tariff high enough to both provide revenue and protect American industry from foreign competition

The XYZ affair involved diplomatic relations between the US and

France

"Man... hath by nature a power ... to preserve his property - that is, his life, liberty, and estate - against the injuries and attempts of other men." - John Locke, 1690 John Locke's views would play a DIRECT role in the creation of which document? A) The Bill of Rights B) The Albany Plan of Union C) The Articles of Confederation D) The Declaration of Independence

D) The Declaration of Independence ~John Locke's views would play a DIRECT role in the creation of The Declaration of Independence. Jefferson altered Locke's stressing of "life, liberty, and estate" (or "life, liberty, and property"), preferring the phrase "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" to be used in the Declaration.

Which of these was a reason Fort Duquesne was so difficult to defend during the French and Indian War? A) The supply lines were difficult to maintain. B) The Ohio and Allegheny rivers flooded frequently. C) The fort's out perimeter fencing was built with weak materials. D) The fort was built on swampy lowlands and surrounded by highlands.

D) The fort was built on swampy lowlands and surrounded by highlands. ~Two early engagements between the French and the British occurred at Fort Duquesne which is located at the juncture of 3 rivers in Ohio (Alleghany, Ohio and Monongahela). The French took control of Fort Duquesne in 1754 from a Virginian construction force. Because it was built on swampy lowlands and surrounded by highlands, defending the fort was very difficult. The British made two attempts to capture the fort from the French during the French and Indian War.

The Articles of Confederation represented the Americans' distrust of A) the British. B) states rights. C) any governing authority. D) a strong central government.

D) a strong central government. ~The very reason the Articles of Confederation were made with a weak federal government was because the framers of it feared a strong central government. This enabled to states to have so much authority that the safety of the country was put at risk.

The Boston Massacre was A) an unprovoked attack upon innocent civilians by ruthless British soldiers. B) Great Britain's response when smuggled goods were discovered in Boston harbor. C) the killing of a large mob by mercenaries hired by the British in the port of Boston D) an incident in which five civilians were killed after British soldiers were surrounded by an angry mob.

D) an incident in which five civilians were killed after British soldiers were surrounded by an angry mob. ~During the Boston Massacre, five civilians were killed after British soldiers were surrounded by an angry mob. The British soldiers were surrounded by angered Bostonians and being pelted with snow balls, some of which had rocks in them. A soldier panicked and fired his gun, resulting in the other soldiers doing the same. Five civilians were killed.

The Constitution of the Iroquois Confederacy was unique in North America because it A) focused solely on the customs of the Mohawk Indians. B) was the last time Indians united across tribal lines. C) represented the first documented proof that Indians were trying to drive out Europeans. D) covered nearly all aspects of Indian life, including government, religious ceremonies, and death.

D) covered nearly all aspects of Indian life, including government, religious ceremonies, and death. ~The Iroquois Constitution covered nearly all aspects of Indian life, including government, religious ceremonies, and death.- for the five nations who agreed to it, anyway. It is unique because of the way it details so many things, especially the funeral rites afforded to all chiefs.

Notes from the Constitutional Convention Recorded by James Madison Mr. President I confess that there are several parts of this constitution which I do not at present approve, but I am not sure I shall never approve them: For having lived long, I have experienced many instances of being obliged by better information, or fuller consideration, to change opinions even on important subjects, which I once thought right, but found to be otherwise. It is therefore that the older I grow, the more apt I am to doubt my own judgment, and to pay more respect to the judgment of others. . . . Thus I consent, Sir, to this Constitution because I expect no better, and because I am not sure, that it is not the best. . . . On the whole, Sir, I can not help expressing a wish that every member of the Convention who may still have objections to it, would with me, on this occasion doubt a little of his own infallibility, and to make manifest our unanimity, put his name to this instrument. Benjamin Franklin, 1787 In this excerpt, Franklin states that A) he approves of every provision of the Constitution and hopes that his fellow delegates will approve it. B) he is certain his objections to some of the provisions of the Constitution will result in serious consequences for the new nation. C) each delegate has formed an opinion of the Constitution and should vote accordingly, despite the opinions expressed by other delegates. D) he does not approve of every provision of the Constitution but knows that his opinions could change; he urges fellow delegates to approve it.

D) he does not approve of every provision of the Constitution but knows that his opinions could change; he urges fellow delegates to approve it. ~In this excerpt, Franklin states that he does not approve of every provision of the Constitution but knows that his opinions could change; he urges fellow delegates to approve it. Despite his objections to certain provisions of the Constitution, Franklin confesses that his judgments could be wrong. He explains that over the years he has often changed his opinions when he has found better information or given fuller consideration to other ideas. He states that the Constitution could be the best plan of government possible at the time and urges fellow delegates to approve it.

The Proclamation of 1763 and the Quebec Act of 1774 BOTH helped lay the groundwork for the American Revolution because they each A) were repealed after numerous citizen protests. B) levied new taxes on goods imported from Europe. C) granted greater religious freedoms to Catholics. D) interfered with colonial claims to western lands.

D) interfered with colonial claims to western lands. ~The Proclamation of 1763, among other things, forbade colonists of the thirteen colonies from settling or buying land west of the Appalachian Mountains. The Quebec Act of 1774 extended the territory's land control into the Ohio River valley, and area already claimed by several mid-Atlantic colonies. Therefore, they both interfered with colonial claims to western lands.

The central point of Thomas Paine's Common Sense was that it A) suggested economic reforms for the colonies. B) suggested a plan of reconciliation with Britain. C) outlined a logical approach to protesting against Parliament. D) pointed out the absurdity of continued loyalty to King George III.

D) pointed out the absurdity of continued loyalty to King George III. ~Paine's work was written in an everyday language that most literate Americans could understand. As the title suggests, he pointed out the absurdity of continued loyalty to King George III.

Opposition to ratification of the Constitution was based on the belief that it would A) promote pluralism, which would threaten liberty. B) produce too much democracy in a strong central government. C) give too much legislative and judicial power to the states. D) provide for elite control, endanger liberty, and weaken the states.

D) provide for elite control, endanger liberty, and weaken the states. ~Federalists supported the ratification of the Constitution, stating that a weak national government almost tore apart the country after the Revolutionary War. Anti-Federalists, though, argued that it would provide for the elite control, endanger liberty, and weaken the states The Bill of Rights was added as a result.

At the Constitutional Convention, the "Great Compromise" helped settle a major dispute. What was the major dispute about? A) slavery B) taxation C) power of the states D) representation in Congress

D) representation in Congress ~Remember that at the Constitutional convention, states with large populations clashed with states having small populations. The issue was over representation in Congress. Large states- like Virginia- believed states with more people should have a bigger say in Congress. Small states- like New Jersey- believed all states should have equal representation. The Great Compromise created each: equal representation in the U.S. Senate and a group based on a state's population in the House of Representatives.

The Virginia Plan would have granted more power to A) industrial states. B) agricultural states. C) states with a smaller population. D) states with a larger population.

D) states with a larger population. ~The Virginia Plan would have granted more power to states with a larger population. It was the New Jersey plan which would have given increased power to states with smaller populations.

Shays' Rebellion highlighted the weaknesses inherent to the Articles of Confederation, primarily the issue of A) expansion. B) industrialization. C) slavery. D) taxation.

D) taxation. ~Shay's Rebellion started because of farmers protesting the taxation payments. All taxes were to be paid in gold or silver rather than paper currency. Few farmers had anything other than paper, and facing the prospect of losing their farms caused the farmers to rebel in 1786,

The Battle of Yorktown is significant in the American Revolution because A) it was there that the "shot heard 'round the world" was fired. B) it marked the only time Washington was ever defeated in battle. C) the British victory there succeeded in dividing George Washington's Colonial Army into two parts. D) the British Army surrendered after being surrounded there, marking the end of fighting in the war.

D) the British Army surrendered after being surrounded there, marking the end of fighting in the war. ~The Battle of Yorktown is synonymous with the American victory. It was there on October 19, 1781 that the British Army surrendered after being surrounded there, marking the end of fighting in the war. Official peace would come two years later.

Partisans during the American Revolution would have supported... A) Loyalists. B) King George III. C) the Olive Branch Petition. D) the Second Continental Congress.

D) the Second Continental Congress. ~Partisans were also known as "Patriots" or "Rebels". As such, they would have been MOST likely to support the Second Continental Congress, which resulted in the Writing of the Declaration of Independence.

What was the Second Continental Congress seeking when the "Olive Branch Petition" was sent to King George III in 1775? A) agricultural assistance and protection from Indian attacks B) the overthrow of English government for ideological reasons C) to explain why it was necessary to dissolve their political connections D) to try to assure the King that the Colonists were not wanting independence

D) to try to assure the King that the Colonists were not wanting independence ~The Olive Branch Petition was sent by the Continental Congress to try to assure the King that the Colonists were not wanting independence. One of the aspects of this was that they expressed their desire for free trade and tax rates similar to those in Great Britain. George III ignored the request, which increased colonists' understanding that independence was truly the only remaining option they had left.

In the years leading up to the American Revolution, the Committees of Correspondence were MOST important because they A) kept Parliament informed as to what colonists were planning. B) provided a record of the negotiations in the Continental Congress. C) show that the group that would become the Federalists were already very powerful. D) were the first attempt to maintain close political cooperation among all colonists.

D) were the first attempt to maintain close political cooperation among all colonists. ~The Committees of Correspondence were the first attempt to maintain close political cooperation among all colonists. Samuel Adams was instrumental in organizing the committees that sent letters back-and-forth to members in most colonies, debating the complaints and concerns about British rule.

Regarding the development of politics in the US

Despite fears that many people felt, political parties emerged early in the history of the nation

After Washington was inaugurated President in 1789Congress's first major task was to fulfill anti-federalist expectations by

Drafting a bill of rights to protecting individual liberties from a powerful government

George Washington's Farewell Address warned against

Political parties and foreign alliances

The expansion of the US across the North American continent

Profoundly shaped the nations history between 1800 and 1850

The 2nd Great Awakening produced with the following

Rebellion by some slaves who acted on the egalitarian message of the revivals

The Missouri Compromise

Reveal sectional differences in the US especially over the issues dealing with slavery

The Hartford Convention

Strongly expressed New England Federalists' opposition to the War of 1812

The acquisition of Florida from Spain resulted from

The Adams-Onis treaty

The proposals for economic development and expansion advocated by Henry Clay became known as

The American system

The Quebec Act

The British Parliament passed this in 1774 to help administer its Canadian colonies, granting people their religious freedom and awarding it some lands coveted by the American Colonies

The republican response to the Alien and Sedition Acts passed during the Adams administrations was

The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions which drew on John Locke's compact theory of covernment

The most positive accomplishment of the Adams administration was

The avoidance of war

The period called the "Era of good feelings" came to an end with

The election of 1824

The decision to place the national capital city on the Potomac river was

The result of a compromise so republicans would accept Hamilton's economic plans

The "Era of Good Feelings" was so called because the US

Was based on all the former federalists joining the Republicans and political partnership

The Kentucky and Virginia resolutions

Were written by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, stated that the federal government is at the will of the states, introduce the concept of nullification