APUSH Unit 4 Test
Fletcher v. Peck details
The decision stems from the Yazoo land cases, 1803, and upholds the sanctity of contracts.
Missouri Compromise
"Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states.
Bank War
Jackson believed the Bank of US had too much power and was too rich. Vetoed the 2nd Bank charter and withdrew gov't money from the US Banks and put it into "pet banks"
Yeoman Farmers
family farmers who hired out slaves for the harvest season, self-sufficient, participated in local markets alongside slave owners
Compromise of 1833
It was a new tariff proposed by Henry Clay and John Calhoun that gradually lowered the tariff to the level of the tariff of 1816 This compromise avoided civil war and prolonged the union for another 30 years.
internal improvements
federal projects, such as canals and roads, to develop the nation's transportation system
What did the British do two days before the United States Declared War?
They promised to stop impressment and keep their neutrality
What was the Purpose of the American System?
To make America economically self-sufficient
Virginia Dynasty
"dynasty" comprised of the four of the first five presidents (Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe), all of whom Virginian plantation owners
Impact of the Embargo Act
-Increased smuggling -American export spending fell from $108 million to $22 million -Agricultural prices fell -Shipping industry devastated -More reliance on domestic manufacturing -High unemployment -Little to no effect on British and French markets
Provisions of the Embargo Act
-American goods and ships prohibited to sail for foreign ports -Later authorized executive branch to use military to enforce the law
McCulloch v. Maryland
-Bank of the United States constitutional under "necessary and proper" clause -States could not tax the Bank - Supremacy Clause
Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)
-Corporate charters protected as a contract -Restricted ability of state governments to control corporations -Ability of Supreme Court to override state governments
What was discussed at the Hartford Convention?
-Federal economic assistance for New England -2/3 congressional majority for embargoes, state admission, and declaration of war -Rescind the Three-Fifths Compromise -One-term president and no same-state successor -Talk of secession by radicals
Henry Clay
-From Kentucky; representing the West -House of Representatives -Democratic-Republican -War Hawk -Speaker of the House -American Colonization Society -American System -Missouri Compromise (1820) -Election of 1824 -Secretary of State -U.S. Senator -National Republican/Whig Party -Election of 1832 -Nullification Crisis/Compromise Tariff of 1833 -Bank War -Election of 1844 -Compromise of 1850
John C Calhoun
-From South Carolina; representing the South -House of Representatives -Democratic-Republican -War Hawk -Secretary of War -Bureau of Indian Affairs -Vice President John Q. Adams Andrew Jackson -U.S. Senator -Democrat -Nullification Crisis/South Carolina Exposition and Protest (1828) -Positive Good Speech (1837) -Secretary of State -Oregon Territory -Texas annexation -Compromise of 1850
Effects of War of 1812
-Growth of nationalism -Ushered in an "Era of Good Feelings" -Domestic industrial and manufacturing development -Emphasis on national infrastructure -Promotion and expansion of professional military -International respect -Special relationship with Great Britain -Natives significantly weakened -Increased drive to expand west
Daniel Webster
-Massachusetts; representing the North -Federalist -Constitutional lawyer -McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) -Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) -Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) -House of Representatives -U.S. Senator -Nullification Crisis/Webster-Hayne Debate (1830) -Secretary of State -Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1840) -Compromise of 1850 -Seventh of March Speech
Judiciary Act of 1801
-Reduce Supreme Court seats from six to five -Reorganized circuit courts; adding 16 seats Which allowed for Adams to appoint many new Federalist judges.
Judiciary Act of 1789
-legislation passed by Congress that created the federal court system -writ of mandamus
Why did people oppose the War of 1812?
-unprepared -still had war debt -soldier were not getting paid -region disagreements
Chesapeake Affair
1807 - The American ship Chesapeake refused to allow the British on the Leopard to board to look for deserters. In response, the Leopard fired on the Chesapeake. As a result of the incident, the U.S. expelled all British ships from its waters until Britain issued an apology.
When was Madison elected?
1808
Macon's Bill No. 2
1810 - Forbade trade with Britain and France, but offered to resume trade with whichever nation lifted its neutral trading restrictions first. France quickly changed its policies against neutral vessels, so the U.S. resumed trade with France, but not Britain.
Rush-Bagot Treaty
1817; The US and British agreed to set limits on the number of naval vessels each could have on the Great Lakes.
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
1842 between the US and the Brits, settled boundry disputes in the North West, fixed most borders between US and Canada, talked about slavery and excredition
Texas Annexation
1845. Originally refused in 1837, as the U.S. Government believed that the annexation would lead to war with Mexico. Texas remained a sovereign nation. Annexed via a joint resolution through Congress, supported by President-elect Polk, and approved in 1845. Land from the Republic of Texas later bacame parts of NM, CO, OK, KS, and WY.
Battle of New Orleans
A battle during the War of 1812 where the British army attempted to take New Orleans. Due to the foolish frontal attack, Jackson defeated them, which gave him an enormous popularity boost.
Bureau of Indian Affairs
A government agency created in the 1800s to oversee federal policy toward Native Americans
Era of Good Feelings
A name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion. Since the Federalist party dissolved after the War of 1812, there was only one political party and no partisan conflicts.
Foreign Policy
A nation's overall plan for dealing with other nations
Judiciary Act of 1802
A repeal of the Judiciary Act of 1801 by the Democratic-Republicans
Nullification Crisis
A sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson created by the Ordinance of Nullification, an attempt by the state of South Carolina to nullify a federal law - the tariff of 1828 - passed by the United States Congress.
Atlantic Theater
A term relating to all the battles in Europe or all battles that took place near the Atlantic Ocean.
War of 1812
A war between the U.S. and Great Britain caused by American outrage over the impressment of American sailors by the British, the British seizure of American ships, and British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans on the western frontier. Also, a war against Britain gave the U.S. an excuse to seize the British northwest posts and to annex Florida from Britain's ally Spain, and possibly even to seize Canada from Britain. The War Hawks (young westerners led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun) argued for war in Congress. The war involved several sea battles and frontier skirmishes. U.S. troops led by Andrew Jackson seized Florida and at one point the British managed to invade and burn Washington, D.C. The Treaty of Ghent (December 1814) restored the status quo and required the U.S. to give back Florida. Two weeks later, Andrew Jackson's troops defeated the British at the Battle of New Orleans, not knowing that a peace treaty had already been signed. The war strengthened American nationalism and encouraged the growth of industry.
What Jeffersonian principles did Jefferson have on the vision of American Society?
Agrarian Society Yeoman Farmer as Ideal Citizen Wage and Factory Workers too dependent and leads to class conflict Cities are "cesspools of corruption" with industrialists and bankers Territorial expansion
Compromise of 1850
Agreement designed to ease tensions caused by the expansion of slavery into western territories
Adams-Onis Treaty
Agreement in which Spain gave up all of Florida to the United States
Nonintercourse Act
Allowed Americans to carry on trade with all nations except Britain and France.
Judicial Review
Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws
What roles were Jefferson involved in as a Statesman?
Assemblyman Declaration of Independence Governor Minister to France Secretary of State Vice-President President
Battle of Tippecanoe
Battle between Americans and Native Americans. Tecumseh and the Prophet attempted to oppress white settlement in the West, but defeated by William Henry Harrison. Led to talk of Canadian invasion and served as a cause to the War of 1812.
The American System
Brainchild of Henry Clay Inspired by Hamilton's economic plans Fundamentals Protective Tariffs National Bank (1816) Internal Improvements/Infrastructure
Southern Theater of War
British hoped to keep the more loyal Southern colonies and were attacked by Patriots using hit and run tactics. THe larger less mobile British army was unable to keep up and eventually gave up trying to win the South.
Orders in Council
British laws which led to the War of 1812. Orders-in-council passed in 1807 permitted the impressment of sailors and forbade neutral ships from visiting ports from which Britain was excluded unless they first went to Britain and traded for British goods.
Atlantic Theater War of 1812
British naval blockade USS Constitution defeats HMS Guerriere (1812) Chesapeake Campaign Burning of Washington (1814) Battle of Baltimore (1814) Fort McHenry Francis Scott Key
What Jeffersonian principles did Jefferson have on preserving American Republicanism?
Civic Virtue and Duty of Individual Citizen Avoid and prevent corruption and greed Eliminate monarchism and aristocratic traditions Right to education
American System BUS opposition
Constitutional legitimacy Perceived consolidation of wealth among banking and industrial elites
Fourth of July Celebration in Centre Square
Created a Sense of Unity for all
Seventh of March Speech
Daniel Webster's impassioned address urging the North to support of the Compromise of 1850. Webster argued that topography and climate would keep slavery from becoming entrenched in Mexican Cession territory and urged Northerners to make all reasonable concessions to prevent disunion.
American System BUS support
Democratize credit system between Eastern banking and credit-seeking Western and Southern farmers Avoid speculation and economic panics
Battle of Thames
Fight in which General Harrison defeated British forces in the Northwest
Who ran against Madison in the Election of 1812?
Dewitt Clinton
Who supported the anti-war Democratic Republicans and the Federalists during the election of 1812?
Dewitt Clinton
Treaty of Greenville (1795)
Drawn up after the Battle of Fallen Timbers. The 12 local Indian tribes gave the Americans the Ohio Valley territory in exchange for a reservation and $10,000.
Barbary Pirates/ War with Tripoli
During Washington and Adams presidency they payed the Barbary States a protection fee to protect them from pirates on the North African coast. However, once Jefferson began his presidency the Barbary states increased the bribes and Jefferson was very angry at this so he decided to build up the navy and send a fleet of the navy ships to the Mediterranean. War was declared in Tripoli in 1801 by Pasha. Treaty was made after the war in the United States favor in 1801.
Jefferson and the Embargo Act
During the Napoleonic Wars the United States main goal was to keep neutrality and keep peace between France and Britain. However, as a trading partner with both Britain and France the United States's ships continually were being seized and the American sailors were being captured. Jefferson felt that war was avoidable in this case so he proposed the Embargo Act which stopped all foreign trade in an effort to hurt Britain and France's economy. However, it only affected the American economy as the exports fell by 80% and deeply affected American merchants. So Jefferson created a new proposition in place of the Embargo Act called the Nonintercourse Act which just prevented trade with France and Britain.
Fort McHenry/Francis Scott Key
During the War of 1812 on September 13-14, Fort McHenry withstood a 25-hour bombardment by the British Vice-Admiral Alexander Cochane and his fleet, which prompted the famous "Star-spangled Banner," by Francis Scott Key when he saw the flag still standing.
Panic of 1819
Economic panic caused by extensive speculation and a decline of Europena demand for American goods along with mismanagement within the Second Bank of the United States. Often cited as the end of the Era of Good Feelings.
Election of 1816
Election when Rufus King (federalist candidate) was brutally defeated by Monroe. Rufus King was a strong advocate for the abolition of slavery. His loss signified the 'death' of the federalist party
What Jeffersonian principles did Jefferson have on foreign policy?
Empire of Liberty Economic coercion Standing armies dangerous: no expansion of national military (army, navy); militia sufficient for defense Avoid entangling alliances Limit international trade
American System Internal Improvements Opposition
Expansion of federal power over states Benefits the wealthy at the expense of common man
Supremacy Clause
Federal law is supreme over state law
Who opposed the Missouri Compromise?
Federalists and Northern States
American System Internal Improvements Support
Fulfilling the public good and general welfare
Webster Hayne Debate
Hayne first responded to Daniel Webster's argument of states' rights versus national power, with the idea of nullification. Webster then spent 2 full afternoons delivering his response which he concluded by saying that "Liberty and Union, now and for ever, one and inseparable"
How did Jefferson build up the Navy in the War with Tripoli?
He ordered the build up of small gunboats
After the purchase of the Louisiana Territory what did Jefferson do?
He tasked explorers Lewis and Clark with exploring the new land. In the expedition they got a better idea of the lay of the land came to better terms with the Indians and even tried to make peace with them by offering up small pox medicine. Which in the end led to the United States having a better claim in the Pacific North West
Secretary of Treasury Albert Gallatin on the Embargo Act
He thought that it would be better to go to war than to stop trade completley
Who was Thomas Jefferson?
He was a plantation and slave owner from Virginia, a Statesman, a Democratic-Republican, and a Renaissance man.
Who were the War Hawks?
Henry Clay John C. Calhoun Felix Grundy
What was the main cause of the Embargo Act?
Impressment/ Chesapeake Affair: HMS Leopard vs. USS Chesapeake
Why did Jefferson form the Democratic-Republicans?
In opposition to Hamilton
Louisiana Purchase
In the 1800s, Napoleon Bonaparte, the leader of France, regained the Louisiana Territory from Spain. Napoleon's intentions were to rebuild the French empire in the Americas. However, due to the French Revolution and the recent Haitian revolution Napoleon was desperate for money. The United States had a conflict of interest when France regained the Louisiana Territory because of the Pickney's treaty with Spain that allowed them to use the port of New Orleans. Napoleon in an effort to regain money to contain rebellions offered the entire Louisiana Territory to the U.S. for 15 million dollars.
Was Jefferson Jeffersonian in The Federal Judiciary?
In the Federal Judiciary Jefferson was Jeffersonian in that of trying to limit the Federal power of the Federal Judiciary and the influence of Federalists but he also failed to follow the Bill of Rights in allowing the Freedom of the Press and Speech by denying Marbury's commission papers to be delivered.
Battle of Baltimore
In the War of 1812, Americans survived British naval onslaught at Fort McHenry; Star Spangled Banner was written.
Gibbons v. Ogden
Increased federal government's interstate commerce authority
What was occurring on the Western frontier during Madison's presidency?
Increasing amount of wars with the natives due to British supposedly influencing them.
What did Jefferson excel in as a Renaissance man?
Inventor, philosopher, architect, scientist, writer/author, politician, diplomat, farmer/plantation owner, surveyor
What did Marbury v. Madison establish?
It led to the establishment of Judicial review which allowed for the supreme court to overrule actions of the other two branches of federal government.
Election of 1812
James Madison wins because the majority wanted a war with Britian (War Hawks) and did not want to change presidents in the middle of a war
economic coercion
Jefferson came up with the Embargo Act which cut off all trade with all countries. Jefferson hoped this would force the English to come to his terms and stop stealing American sailors. This, however, did not work and greatly hurt American trade.
What was Thomas Jefferson's reasoning for why the Louisiana Purchase should or should not be approved.
Jefferson feels like he does not have the authority by the constitution to make such a purchase but agrees that it would secure the Nation's authority.
Marbury v. Madison
Jefferson was angry over the Midnight Judges appointments so he ordered James Madison to not deliver the commissions that allowed for William Marbury to be appointed to office. Marbury was angered over this so he decided to sue Madison and the case got taken up in Supreme Court in 1803. Marshall a Federalist judge ruled that Marbury had the right to his commission due to the Judiciary Act of 1789. However, he said that the Judiciary Act gave the court greater power that the constitution provided for so it was declared unconstitutional.
To what extent did Jefferson's administration and ideology maintain continuity and foster change in American politics and economics from 1787 to 1812?
Jefferson's administration foster a lot of change in American Politics and Economic because he had a different viewpoint as a Democratic Republican than the Federalists who previously had power .
Revolution of 1800
Jefferson's election changed the direction of the government from Federalist to Democratic- Republican, so it was called a "revolution."
Election of 1824
John Quincy Adams elected President on February 9, 1825, after the election was decided by the House of Representatives in what was termed the Corrupt Bargain.
Who was the Leader of the Quids?
John Randolph
Midnight Judges
Judges that were appointed at the last minute of Adams presidency due to the Judiciary Act of 1801.
What was one of Jefferson's achievements as a Democratic Republican?
Kentucky Resolution which was written by Jefferson and introduced nullification and stated that the states have right to judge laws made and if be, declare laws null and void.
Great Lakes and Northwest War Of 1812
Loss of Detroit Battle of Lake Erie (1813) "We have met the enemy and they are ours." - Captain Oliver Hazard Perry Battle of the Thames (1813) Death of Tecumseh
Election of 1844
Main debate over Texas. Whigs nominate Henry Clay and democrats nominate James Polk. Polk says he will annex Texas and Oregon to make both sides happy. Polk was elected
Missouri Compromise
Maine as a free state Missouri as a slave state 36' 30 line in Louisiana Territory Slavery prohibited in territories and states north of the line Slavery allowed as determined by popular sovereignty in territories and states south of the line
American System BUS Purpose
Manage federal revenue Regulate national credit and limit risky state/local banking Facilitate commerce and trade Stabilize and regulate national currency
McCulloch v. Maryland details
Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law
The Hartford Convention
Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed it's complaints against the ruling Republican Party. These actions were largley viewed as traitorous to the country and lost the Federalist much influence
American System Internal Improvements Purpose
More efficient commercial transportation Roads, canals, turnpikes, harbors Connect regional markets Subsidized by federal revenue generated by land sales and tariffs
What was still going on during Madison's presidency?
Napoleonic Wars and Impressment
Did Madison support the road system?
No, he didn't think they had the authority given by the Constitution to establish such a system.
Was Jefferson Jeffersonian in the Barbary Pirates/ War with Tripoli?
No, he was not Jeffersonian because he completely disregarded the principles of Jeffersonianism by taking tyrannical action and issuing an attack on the Barbary Pirates without Congressional consent. In addition, he also violated Foreign Policy by building up the navy.
Pasha of Tripoli
North African leader who fought an undeclared war with the United States from 1801 to 1805
American System Tariff support
Northern industries expanded Raw materials not subject to high tariffs = low input costs to Northern industries Revenue mostly subsidized infrastructure in the North South and West can benefit from Northern consumption of raw materials and crops
What are some Causes of the War of 1812?
Northwest frontier -stop all settlements west of the Ohio river Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794) Indian Trade and Intercourse Acts (1790-1796) Tecumseh's War -battle of Tippecanoe (1811) -battle of the Thames (1813) Creek War -battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814)
Creek War
Part of the War of 1812 involving the Creek nation in Mississippi Territory and Tennessee militiamen. General Andrew Jackson's forces gained victory at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in 1814, forcing the Creeks to sign away much of their land.
What Jeffersonian principles did Jefferson have on the economy?
Preferred dominance of agriculture over industry Each individual has right to work, but emphasize ability for subsistence Economic independence based on abundance of natural resources
American System Tariff purpose
Promote domestic industries Generate federal revenue
Fletcher v. Peck
Protection of private contracts and Supreme Court can invalidate state laws based on judicial review
Quids
Republicans who criticized the War of 1812 (even though it was started by a Republican president) because it did not follow the traditional Republican idea of limited federal government.
Cabinet during Monroe's Presidency
Secretary of State John Quincy Adams Secretary of the Treasury William Crawford Secretary of War John C. Calhoun
Treaty of 1818
Treaty between Britain and America, it allowed the Americans to share the Newfoundland fisheries with Canada, and gave both countries a joint occupation of the Oregon Territory for the next 10 years.
What Jeffersonian principles did Jefferson have on Society and Culture?
Separation of Church and State Women Republican motherhood, absence in direct politics Blacks White supremacy Natives "Noble savages" could be Americanized
Indian Trade and Intercourse Acts
Series of laws designed to promote better relations between Indians and whites
Who supported the Missouri Compromise?
Southern Republicans
War Hawks
Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism, and they wanted to takeover British land in North America and expand.
Oregon Territory
Split between U.S. and Great Britain, the U.S. had finally achieved its goal of Manifest Destiny.
What Jeffersonian principles did Jefferson have on the scope of Federal government?
Strict interpretation of the Constitution Ultimate sovereignty of the states Dominance of the national legislature Limit power of the Federal Judiciary Bill of Rights (free speech, free press) necessary to avoid tyranny Reduce or eliminate national debt
Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) details
Supreme Court case that sustained Dartmouth University's original charter against changes proposed by the New Hampshire state legislature, thereby protecting corporations from domination by state governments.
Tecumseh's War (1811)
Tecumseh was a Shawnee leader who staged a resistance to American expansion into the Great Lakes region He battled William Henry Harrison (1773-1841), future President Canadians provided arms He became a Canadian ally during the War of 1812
Who was opposed to the Louisiana Purchase?
The Federalists were strongly opposed to the Louisiana Purchase because they thought it was Jefferson's effort to expand Federalist power by expanding the territory which would lead to the Yeoman farmers moving into the land and the Farmers mainly supported Jefferson which would eventually lead to a majority of Democratic Republican vote.
Who opposed the War of 1812?
The Federalists, Quids, New England, and Merchants.
Why did the United States enter the Panic of 1819?
The Second Bank of the United States
Why was the Second Bank of the United States created?
The Second bank was established in an effort to increase the United States economy due to the War of 1812 putting them in a financial crisis.
Tallmadge Ammendment (1819)
The Tallmadge Amendment was a proposed amendment to a bill regarding the admission of the Territory of Missouri to the Union, which requested that Missouri be admitted as a free state.
Battle of Fallen Timbers
The U.S. Army defeated the Native Americans under Shawnee Chief Blue Jacket and ended Native American hopes of keeping their land that lay north of the Ohio River
James Monroe (1817-1825)
The fifth President of the United States (1817-1825).His administration was marked by the acquisition of Florida (1819); the Missouri Compromise (1820), in which Missouri was declared a slave state; and the profession of the Monroe Doctrine (1823), declaring U.S. opposition to European interference in the Americas.
Republican Motherhood
The idea that American women had a special responsibility to cultivate "civic virtue" in their children
Empire of Liberty
The idea, expressed by Jefferson, that the United States would not rule its new territories as colonies, but rather would eventually admit them as full member states.
The Great Triumvirate
The name of the three most powerful politicians in the early 19th century. Clay, Calhoun, and Webster
Civilization Program
The policy adopted under President Thomas Jefferson that aimed to "civilize" Native Americans to the ways of Whites, thus incorporating them into the growing majority culture.
Gibbons v. Ogden details
This case involved New York trying to grant a monopoly on waterborne trade between New York and New Jersey. Judge Marshal, of the Supreme Court, sternly reminded the state of New York that the Constitution gives Congress alone the control of interstate commerce. Marshal's decision, in 1824, was a major blow on states' rights.
Treaty of Ghent
Treaty that ended the War of 1812 and maintained prewar conditions
election of 1804
Thomas Jefferson was the odds-on favorite to be reelected in 1804, gaining widespread popularity through the Louisiana Purchase, the repeal of the excise tax on whiskey and by standing up to the Barbary pirates. The president dropped Aaron Burr as his running mate, perhaps unfairly believing that Burr had tried to steal the presidency from him in 1800. A group of New England Federalists known as the Essex Junto (many lived in Essex County north of Boston) began scheming in advance of the election. incumbent Democratic-Republican President Thomas Jefferson against Federalist Charles Cotesworth Pinckney.
Who was concerned about Russia in the Americas?
US and GB
Old Ironsides
United States 44-gun frigate that was one of the first three naval ships built by the United States
Who was in support of the War of 1812?
War Hawks
American System Tariff opposition
West and South suffered through higher prices on manufactured goods Little to no tariffs on raw materials (cotton) increased foreign competition = less profits for Southern cotton producers and farmers Imported manufactured goods less expensive to ship than domestic manufactured goods = Southern states paid most of federal tariffs
South Carolina Exposition and Protest
Written in 1828 by Vice President Calhoun of S. Carolina to protest the the "Tariff of Abominations", which seemed to favor Northern industry; introduced the concept of state interposition & became the basis for S. Carolina's Nullification Doctrine of 1833.
What was Samuel White's reasoning for why the Louisiana Purchase should or should not be approved.
White thinks that the Louisiana Purchase will be a good thing for the United States because it will double the size and secure the United States as a nation but on the other hand the new land has never been explored and therefore could be dangerous.
Was Jefferson Jeffersonian in the Embargo Act of 1807?
Yes, because he kept neutrality in throughout the Napoleonic Wars and followed his Jeffersonian principles on Foreign Policy and avoiding entangling alliances.
Was Jefferson Jeffersonian in the Louisiana Purchase?
Yes, he was Jeffersonian in the Louisiana purchase because he followed his Jeffersonian principles on expanding territory and establishing a Agrarian Society.
What was a Renaissance man?
a man who excelled in many fields
assemblyman
a member of the lower house of a state legislature when that house is called the Assembly
agrarian society
a society in which people make a living from farming
Monroe Doctrine
an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers
American System
an economic regime pioneered by Henry Clay which created a high tariff to support internal improvements such as road-building. This approach was intended to allow the United States to grow and prosper by themselves This would eventually help America industrialize and become an economic power.
Necessary and Proper Clause
constitutional authorization for Congress to make any law required to carry out its powers
Battle of Lake Eerie
led by Oliver Hazard Perry fought in Ohio during the War of 1812. Nine vessels of the United States Navy defeated and captured six vessels of Great Britain's Royal Navy.
civic virtue
notion that democracy depended on unselfish commitment to the public good
Picture
portrays the U.S. merchants smuggling goods to Britain under the Embargo Act but being caught by officers
Tarrif of 1816
protected American industries and manufacturing from foreign competition
Chesapeake campaign
the British landed in Chesapeake in August 1814 & set on to Blandensburg where the American militia fled, & then set fire to the capitol; afterwards they went to Baltimore but were beaten back by defenders at Fort McHenry; the memory of this was kept alive when Francis Scott Key made "The Star-Spangled Banner"
Election of 1808
the Democratic-Republican candidate James Madison defeated Federalist candidate Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. Madison had served as United States Secretary of State under incumbent Thomas Jefferson, and Pinckney had been the unsuccessful Federalist candidate in the election of 1804.
Cumberland Road
the first road built by the federal government
How did the Election of 1808 lead to the increased Federalist congressional seats?
the unpopularity of the Embargo Act
Election of 1820
this election was James Monroe's re-election that was unopposed meaning nobody ran against it. Monroe toured the whole nation and got all but 1 electoral vote. Federalist party no longer existed.
Interstate Commerce
trade among the states
Burning of Washington
was captured and burned by the British in 1814
"positive good" argument
written by John C. Calhoun grounded in the belief that slavery was good for white southerners because it made the south prosperous and maintained social order and white supremacy and also good for slaves because it brought them out of africa and christianized the black people;
writ of mandamus
written order from a court to enforce the performance of some public duty