APUSH Unit 9

Occupy Wall Street (2011):

A protest by thousands of mainly unemployed young adults who met at a park in Lower Manhattan to "occupy" Wall Street, protesting the tyrannical power of major banks and investment companies.

DREAM Act:

Allowed 1.5 million undocumented immigrants (Brewers) brought to the US as children to remain as residents and pursue formal citizenship.

Affordable Care Act:

Also known as Obamacare, it was a way to make health insurance more affordable and health care more accessible for everyone. Included coverage for pre-existing conditions, slows rising healthcare costs and kids can stay on their parent's plans until they are 26.

Afghanistan War:

America invaded Afghanistan less than two months after the 9/11 attacks. Afghanistan was under the control of the Taliban, which supported the mastermind on the 9/11 attacks, Osama Bin Laden. Bin Laden escaped to neighboring Pakistan, and the Taliban was overthrown, but fighting remains to this day.

Black Lives Matter:

An international activist movement, originating in the African American community, that campaigns against violence toward black people. BLM regularly organizes protests around the deaths of black people in killings by law enforcement offers, and broader issues of racial profiling, police brutality, and racial inequality in the United States criminal justice system.

Phyllis Schlafly:

Anti-feminist Republican who prevented the Equal Rights Amendment from being ratified by creating the "STOP" organization which warned that the ERA allowed husbands to abandon their wives, and force women into military service, and allowed gays to marry - ultimately, it would "ruin" the family.

BREXIT:

Brexit was the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union at 23:00 GMT on 31 January 2020. The UK is the only sovereign country to have left the EU.

Hurricane Katrina:

Category 3 hurricane. Considered to be the one crisis of the Bush administration's second term and in is inefficiency to deal with the crisis. It destroyed 80% of New Orleans and more than 1300 people died, while the damages were $150 billion.

9/11 Attacks:

Common shorthand for the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, in which 19 militant Islamist men hijacked and crashed four commercial aircraft. Two planes hit the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, causing them to collapse. One plane crashed into the Pentagon in Washington, D.C., and the fourth, overtaken by passengers, crashed into a field in rural Pennsylvania. Nearly 3000 people were killed in the worst case of domestic terrorism in American history.

New Conservatism:

Domestic and International problems in the 70s and 80s made the appeal of Communism greater, including lowered taxes and reduced government regulation.

Inflation:

Elevated inflation has been driven by supply chain disruptions and pent-up consumer demand for goods as the Covid-19 pandemic wanes

Ronald Reagan

First elected president in 1980 and then again in 1984. He ran on a campaign based on the common man and "populist" ideas. His policy was known as Reaganomics: The four pillars of Reagan's economic policy were to reduce the growth of government spending, reduce the federal income tax and capital gains tax, reduce government regulation, and tighten the money supply in order to reduce inflation.

War on Terror:

Following 9/11, President GW Bush committed to a global war on terrorism to answer these attacks and rid the world of evils (terrorist groups). The US engaged with presumptive military action to defuse threats.

George Floyd:

George Perry Floyd Jr. was an African-American man who was murdered by a police officer in Minneapolis, Minnesota, during an arrest after a store clerk suspected Floyd may have used a counterfeit twenty-dollar bill, on May 25, 2020. His death lead to the George Floyd protests which were a series of protests and civil unrest against police brutality and racism that began in Minneapolis, Minnesota on May 26, 2020.

ISIS:

ISIS stands for Islamic State in Iraq and Syria and is an extremist militant group. ISIS's goal is to create an Islamic State in the Middle East and African Countries. They want to establish a caliphate (Muslim King)

Gulf War:

Iraq invaded its tiny neighbor, Kuwait, for increasing its oil production and thereby lower global oil prices which hurt Iraq's economy. As a result, the US invaded Iraq and sent forces to Saudi Arabia. The US (with 33 other countries) launched "Operation Desert Storm," causing Iraqi soldiers to quickly surrender. Hussein had been defeated but was allowed to escape and remained in power.

North American Free Trade Agreement:

NAFTA opened free trade between the US, Canada and Mexico and allowed for the flow of goods, jobs and services across the border by eliminating tariffs. Moved labor to other countries because it was cheaper.

January 6, 2021:

On January 6, 2021, insurrectionists stormed the US Capitol in an attempt to prevent the certification of the 2020 presidential election results. While the insurrection was not successful, it represented a dangerous threat to US democracy.

Obergefell v. Hodges:

On June 26, 2015, the U.S. Supreme Court held in a 5-4 decision that the Fourteenth Amendment requires all states to grant same-sex marriages and recognize same-sex marriages granted in other states.

Impeachment of Bill Clinton:

President Clinton was impeached for lying under oath and obstruction of justice in the case of denying his affair with Monica Lewinsky. While Clinton was not found to have committed the high crimes he was accused of, the scandal tinted his final 18 months in office.

New World Order:

President H.W. Bush spoke of a "New World Order" after the first Gulf War, referencing the sudden shift from a bipolar to a unipolar world of unquestioned prominence and dominance for America.

Ukraine War:

Putin invaded Ukraine because he feared that Ukraine was potentially joining NATO and the EU, because it would insulate Russia inside many countries with NATO - "an attack against one is an attack against all." Putin also believed that the Soviet Union should be reconstitution - wants Ukraine and Russia to be reunited.

Iraq War:

Saddam Hussain was accused of having stockpiles of weapons os mass destruction. President George W Bush convinced the congress to declare war on the dictator in 2003. Within a few weeks the dictator was overthrown but an insurgent war started that lasted until 2011.

Justice Jackson:

Senate Confirms Ketanji Brown Jackson as First Black Woman to Serve on U.S. Supreme Court in 2022

Strategic Defense Initiative:

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), byname Star Wars, was a proposed U.S. strategic defensive system against potential nuclear attacks. It was a system in space which would lazer down soviet weapons.

Me-Too Movement:

The #MeToo movement exploded on social media as a vehicle for survivors of sexual abuse, assault, and harassment to share their stories. The movement gained significant traction after news broke in 2017 about Hollywood producer Harvey Weinstein's decades-long abuse of women he worked with.

Bush Doctrine:

The Bush Doctrine holds that enemies of the US use terrorism as a war of ideology against the nation. The responsibility of the US is to protect itself by promoting democracy where the terrorists are located so as to undermine the basis for terrorist activities.

Great Recession:

The Great Recession, one of the worst economic declines in US history, officially lasted from December 2007 to June 2009. The collapse of the housing market — fueled by low interest rates, easy credit, insufficient regulation, and toxic subprime mortgages — led to the economic crisis

Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act (Welfare Reform):

The Republican welfare reform measure abolished the aid to families with dependent children program and replaced it with the temporary assistance to needy families program for two years to encourage unemployed people to get self-supporting jobs. Illustrated Clinton's efforts to move the Democrats away from longtime liberalism.

Mueller Investigation:

The Special Counsel investigation was an investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections, links between associates of Donald Trump and Russian officials, and possible obstruction of justice by Trump and his associates.

Tea Party:

The Tea Party movement was an American fiscally conservative political movement within the Republican Party. Members of the movement called for lower taxes and for a reduction of the national debt and federal budget deficit through decreased government spending.

Supply-Side Economics:

The economic theory of "Reaganomics" that emphasized cutting taxes and government spending in order to stimulate investment, productivity, and economic growth by private enterprise.

Fall of Berlin Wall:

The fall of the wall marked an end to Soviet influence in the country and allowed for Germany to become reunited. After the fall of the Berlin wall, with the approval of the victorious Allied powers of World War II, the two Germanys, divided since 1945, were at last reunited in October 1990. This event in 1989 marked the symbolic end of the Cold War and was the begining of the collapse of communism in eastern Europe.

USA Patriot Act:

The main purpose of the Patriot Act is to combat terrorism by tracing money that funds terrorist groups.

Donald Trump v. Hillary Clinton:

Trump appealed to voters fed up with conventional politics and appealed to working-class Americans. He vowed to "Make America Great Again" by ending Obamacare, cutting taxes, and putting American first by ending NAFTA. Clinton focused her candidacy on several themes, including raising middle-class incomes, expanding women's rights, instituting campaign finance reform, and improving the Affordable Care Act. Trump received 304 votes to Clinton's 227.

Glasnost:

a policy of the Soviet government allowing freer discussion of social problems

yay

apush

Citizens United v. FEC:

corporate funding of independent political broadcasts can't be limited

Globalization:

regional societies, economies, & cultures become joined together through international trade, transportation, and communication. It benefited American consumers because it offered new and varied products at low prices (from foreign countries).

Perestroika:

restructuring of the soviet economy by introducing free-market practices

Mikhail Gorbachev:

was the Soviet leader that was installed as chairman of the Soviet Communist Party in March 1985. He was amicable, energetic, and most of all committed to reforming the Soviet Union. He championed two policies: glasnost and perestroika. These measures would promote "openness" and "restructuring" of the economy. These measures, however, required that the Cold War be put to an end. His cooperation with Ronald Reagan has earned the two leaders great praises.