APUSH vocab chapter 8

Boston

American city where Evacuation Day is still celebrated to commemorate the dy in 1776 whne the British left

Benedict Arnold

American general who in 1775 was wounded in the colonists' attempt to capture Quebec

William Howe

British general who failed to crush Washington's army after soundly defeating him in the summer and fall of 1776

Richard Henry Lee

Virginian who made the motion which resulted in the first formal break with Britain on June 7, 1776

Trenton and Princeton

Washington was at his best in these 2 surprise victories in Dec. 1776

George Rogers Clark

colonial frontiersman who in 1778-1779 captured important British forts at Vincennes, Cahokia, and Kaskaskia

West Point

colonial moral suffered in 1780 when Benedict Arnold plotted with the British to sell out this key stronghold

Philadelphia

in 1777 British General Howe chose to capture this city instead of helping with the campaign to sever the colonies

France

in 1778 the colonies signed an alliance with this nation to help ensure a colonial victory

Armed Neutrality

in 1780 Catherine the Great of Russia organized the weaker maritime countries of Europe into this group in an attitude of passive hostility

Norfolk

in Jan. 1776, the British increased the fighting by burning this Virginia town

Ticonderoga and Crown Point

in May 1775, a tiny force of colonial soldiers seized these two British garrisons and as a result secured a priceless store of powder and artillery

Charleston, SC

one of the greatest British victories of the Revolution occured in 1780 in their southern campaign when they captrued 500 men & 400 cannons in this city

Treaty of Paris

settlement in 1783 where Britain formally recognized the independence if the US

Nathaniel Greene

the "Fighting Quaker" whose campaign of delay in the Carolinas in 1781 weakened Cornwallis's forces

Bunker/Breeds Hill

the 1775 battle in Boston in which 1,500 colonials withstood a frontal charge by 3,000 British soldiers but had to withdraw in defeat

Benedict Arnold

the American general whose efforts at Lake Champlain delayed a British campaign to sever the colonies in 1776-1777

Charles Cornwallis

the British general who lost the decisive battle at Yorktown in October 1781

John Burgoyne

the British general whose delayed campaign to sever the colonies ended in defeat at Saratoga in 1777

Gibralter

the British-held territory in southern Spain that became a pawn in the peace settlement of the American Revolution

Admiral de Grasse

the French admiral who aided the colonists during the American Revolution

Comte de Rochambeau

the French general of the forces that arrived in Newport, Rhode Island, in the summer of 1780

Richard Montgomery

the Irish-born former British general who pushed his colonial army northward in the fall of 1775 and captured Montreal

Baron von Steuben

the Prussian drill master during the American Revo who helped whip Washington's men at Valley Forge into shape

Long Island

the battle at which Washington was severely defeated in the summer and fall of 1776

Saratoga

the battle in 1777 at which General Gates' victory revived the colonial causes and opened the door to French aid

Monmouth

the battle which took place on a blistering hot day in June 1778 in which Washington attacked redcoats retreating from Philadelphia

Hessians

the colonials were shocked in 1775 when George lll hired these outsiders to put down the rebellion

Benjamin Franklin

the famous colonial leader in the Revolution who negotiated our alliance with France

Canada

the first offensive military move by the colonies in 1775 was when they unsuccessfully tried to capture this British colony

Second Continental Congress

the group that met in Philadelphia in May 1775 to appeal to the king for redress of grievances

John Paul Jones

the hard fighting young scotsman who was as famous as a naval commander during the Revo

Yorktown

the location of the last decisive American victory of the Revolutionary War which took place on Oct. 19, 1781

George Washington

the most important single action of the Second Continental Congress was to select this man to head the army besieging Boston in 1775

Loyalists or Tories

the name for 80,000 colonials who were driven out of or fled after the Declaration of Independence was issued

Common Sense

the pamphlet which some call the most potent pamphlet of the Revolution, its author outlined why the colonials should consider independence as their goal

John Jay

the peace negotiator of the Revo who became our first chief justice

Thomas Jefferson

the tall, freckled, sandy-haired Virginia lawyer given the job of defending and advertising the motion for independence by the 2nd Continental Congress on June 7, 1776

privateers

the term for people authorized by Congress to prey on enemy shipping during the Revo (legalized pirates)