APUSH Vocabulary Chapter 7 & 8

Proclamation of Neutrality

A formal announcement issued by President George Washington on April 22, 1793, declaring the United States a neutral nation in the conflict between Great Britain and France that had begun with the French Revolution. It threatened legal proceedings against any American providing assistance to warring countries.

Philip Freneau

Republican editor of National Gazette, associated with Jefferson and quickly became the leader of Republic press.

Charles C. Pinckney

Strongly advocated a powerful national government, involved in XYZ Affair (refused to pay bribe). He was an unsuccessful Federalist candidate for the vice presidency in 1800 and for the presidency in 1804 and 1808. , He was from South Carolina and was an advocate for slavery. He was an attendee of the constitutional convention.

Oliver Hazard Perry

"We have me the enemy, and they are ours." Naval hero during the War of 1812. Won battle on Lake Erie against the British. After the battle, he sent William Henry Harrison a note that said this famous quote.

James Madison

(1809-1813) and (1813-1817) The War of 1812, the US declares war on Great Britain. In 1814, the British (technically the Canadians) set fire to the Capitol. The Treaty of Ghent ends the war in 1814., The fourth President of the United States (1809-1817). A member of the Continental Congress (1780-1783) and the Constitutional Convention (1787), he strongly supported ratification of the Constitution and was a contributor to The Federalist Papers (1787-1788), which argued the effectiveness of the proposed constitution. Favored strict interpretation of the Constitution.

William Henry Harrison

(1841), was an American military leader, politician, the ninth President of the United States, and the first President to die in office. His death created a brief Constitutional crisis, but ultimately resolved many questions about presidential succession left unanswered by the Constitution until passage of the 25th Amendment. Led US forces in the Battle of Tippecanoe.

Convention of Mortefontaine

(also known as the Convention of 1800) ; negotiated with Napoleon; ended the Franco-American Alliance of 1778, removed some French restrictions on U.S. commerce, and ended the Quasi-War provoked by the XYZ Affair

Henry Clay

Distinguished senator from Kentucky, who ran for president five times until his death in 1852. He was a strong supporter of the American System, a war hawk for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and known as "The Great Compromiser." Outlined the Compromise of 1850 with five main points. Died before it was passed however.

John Pickering

In 1804 Jefferson used the impeachment power against Pickering, a partisan Federalist judge. District Judge Pickering of New Hampshire. Pickering was clearly insane and was given to profane and drunken harangues from the bench. Although insanity is not a high crime or misdemeanor, the Senate decided that the drinking on the bench was an impeachable offense and Pickering was impeached.

William Hull

US general and territorial governor of michigan who marched his troops into upper canada in an attempt to conquer montreal. His tactics were weak and he was forced to surrender Fort Detroit, leaving the midwest exposed to the British

Matthew Lyon

Was the first person to be put to trial for violating the acts on charges of criticizing Federalist president John Adams and disagreeing with Adams' decision to go to war against France. Lyon was sentenced to four months in jail and ordered to pay a $1,000 fine and court costs. While in jail, Lyon won election to the Sixth Congress. In the election of 1800 Matthew Lyon cast the deciding vote for Jefferson after the election went to the House of Representatives because of an electoral tie.

Alexander Hamilton

1789-1795; First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt.

Jay's Treaty

1794 - It was signed in the hopes of settling the growing conflicts between the U.S. and Britain. It dealt with the Northwest posts and trade on the Mississippi River. It was unpopular with most Americans because it did not punish Britain for the attacks on neutral American ships. It was particularly unpopular with France, because the U.S. also accepted the British restrictions on the rights of neutrals.

Treaty of Greenville

1795 Gave America all of Ohio after General Mad Anthony Wayne battled and defeated the Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. Allowed Americans to explore the area with peace of mind that the land belonged to America and added size and very fertile land to America.

Treaty of San Lorenzo

1795 treaty with Spain is also known as Pinckney's Treaty. It gave the US unrestricted access to the Mississippi River and established the border between the US and Spanish Florida.

Daniel Webster

A great American orator. He gave several important speeches, first as a lawyer, then as a Congressman. He was a major representative of the North in pre-Civil War Senate debates, just as Sen. John C. Calhoun was the representative of the South in that time., (7.4) 1782-1852, from New Hampshire. Massachusetts senator. Originally supported states' rights, but later supported a strong national government. Disagreed with John C. Calhoun.

Samuel Chase

A prominent political leader during the American Revolution, he was the only U.S. Supreme Court justice ever impeached. Despite his record of outstanding accomplishment on the Supreme Court, Congress voted to impeach him in 1804. His support of the Federalist-backed Alien and Sedition Acts and his overly zealous handling of treason and sedition trials involving Jeffersonians caused him to anger the president and his backers in Congress. While spared by only a narrow margin, he was acquitted, with the result that his trial discouraged future attempts to impeach justices for purely political reasons.

John Jay

American delegate who signed Treaty of Paris; New York lawyer and diplomat who negotiated with Britain and Spain on behalf of the Confederation; he later became the first chief justice of the Supreme Court and negotiated the Jay Treaty, 1st Chief Justice of Supreme Court

John Marshall

American jurist and politician who served as the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1801-1835) and helped establish the practice of judicial review.

William Marbury

Appointed by Adams as one of the midnight judges. Then, the Secretary of State under Jefferson, Madison, he sued to get it, claiming he was legally owed his commission. The case went to the Supreme Court, where Marshall denied it, on the grounds that the Judiciary Act, on which Marbury based his case, was unconstitutional. This then gave the Supreme Court final say over weather a law is constitutional or not, which had not been established up to that point., "Midnight Judge" appointed in the Judiciary Act of 1801. Sued government because he was never appointed, which resulted in Marbury v. Madison and Judicial Review.

Edward Pakenham

Commander of the British forces in North America in 1814, he was killed in the Battle of New Orleans.

Aarron Burr

Jefferson's first term vice president, but not the second term. Burr joined with with a group of federalist extremists to plan to secession of new England and new York. Hamilton foiled his plots so burr challenged him to a duel and killed him in one shot. He and general james wilinson plotted to seperate the west from the east, when burr and sixty followers went to carry out their plan wlikinson bailed and burr was tried for treason but was not convicted.

Andrew Jackson

The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers.