APUSH - WW2
D-Day
(FDR) , June 6, 1944, 160,000 Allied troops landed along a 50-mile stretch of heavily-fortified French coastline to fight Nazi Germany on the beaches of Normandy, France. General Dwight D. Eisenhower called the operation a crusade in which "we will accept nothing less than full victory." More than 5,000 Ships and 13,000 aircraft supported the D-Day invasion, and by day's end on June 6, the Allies gained a foot- hold in Normandy.
War Powers Act
1973. A resolution of Congress that stated the President can only send troops into action abroad by authorization of Congress or if America is already under attack or serious threat.
Pearl Harbor
7:50-10:00 AM, December 7, 1941 - Surprise attack by the Japanese on the main U.S. Pacific Fleet harbored in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii destroyed 18 U.S. ships and 200 aircraft. American losses were 3000, Japanese losses less than 100. In response, the U.S. declared war on Japan and Germany, entering World War II.
National War Labor Board
A board that negotiated labor disputes and gave workers what they wanted to prevent strikes that would disrupt the war
Winston Churchill
A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West.
Rosie the Riveter
A propaganda character designed to increase production of female workers in the factories. It became a rallying symbol for women to do their part.
A. Philip Randolph
Black leader, who threatens a march to end discrimination in the work place; Roosevelt gives in with companies that get federal grants.
Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936
Designed to keep us out of this war. Congress says no selling arms to either side. President says that if people want to visit these countries they are on their own, no one will accompany you.
War Production Board
During WWII, FDR established it to allocated scarce materials, limited or stopped the production of civilian goods, and distributed contracts among competing manufacturers
Neutrality Act of 1937
European democracies might buy American war materials on a "cash-and-carry basis"; improved American moral and economic position
Office of War Mobilization
Federal agency formed to coordinate issues related to war production during World War II
Executive Order 8802
In 1941 FDR passed it which prohibited discriminatory employment practices by fed agencies and all unions and companies engaged in war related work. It established the Fair Employment Practices Commission to enforce the new policy.
Zoot Suit Riots
In the 1940's - Riots that occurred mostly in Los Angeles, CA between white marines and young Mexican Americans. White marines thought that the dress of "zoot suits" of the Mexican Americans was un-patriotic, although about 300,000 Mexican Americans were in the armed forces. Some Mexicans thought that they would be the next "Japanese" and be taken to camps.
Yalta and Potsdam Meetings
Meetings held by the leaders of the US, UK, and USS
Lend Lease
allowed sales or loans of war materials to any country whose defense the president deems vital to the defense of the U.S
Arsenal of Democracy
Referred to America's Ability to supply its European allies with war supplies prior to the U.S. entry into WWII.
Election of 1940
Rossevelt (dem) vs. Wendell Wilkie (rep), Roosevelt wins ; FDR had to declare that he would not send Americans to war in order to win ; greatly plagued the years before WWII ; won in a landslide ; first time a president was elected for a third term
Korematsu vs US
Supreme Court ruled that internment of Japanese Americans was justified as the country's need for protection against espionage outweighed individual rights
Double V Campaign
The World War II-era effort of black Americans to gain "a Victory over racism at home as well as Victory abroad."
Quarantine Speech
The speech was an act of condemnation of Japan's invasion of China in 1937 and called for Japan to be quarantined. FDR backed off the aggressive stance after criticism, but it showed that he was moving the country slowly out of isolationism.
Cash Carry Policy
U.S. could sell arms to the Allies as long as the Allies paid for them in cash, and carried them in their own ships (was a way to get around the Neutrality Act)
Office of Price Administration
WWII Office that installs price controls on essential items to prevent inflation
Election of 1944
Year in which Republicans nominated Thomas E. Dewey for president and John W, Bricker (an isolationist senator) for vice president. Democrats renominated Roosevelt but changed vice president to Harry S. Truman. Roosevelt won with sweeping victory. 4th term for Roosevelt.
Office of Strategic Services
a United States intelligence agency formed during World War II. It was the wartime intelligence agency, and it was the predecessor of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
CORE
an organization founded by James Leonard Farmer in 1942 to work for racial equality
Manhattan Project
code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II
Office of War Information
established by the government to promote patriotism and help keep Americans united behind the war effort.
Executive Order 9906
1942, Authorizes the evacuation of all Japanese-Americans (122,000)over 6 months from the west coast to fenced and guarded relocation centers farther inland
Stimson Doctrine
1932, Hoover's Secretary of State said the US would not recognize territorial changes resulting from Japan's invasion of Manchuria
Destroyer Deal
1940 - U.S. agreed to "lend" its older destroyers to Great Britain. (Destroyers were major warships that made up the bulk of most countries' navies.) Signaled the end of U.S. neutrality in the war.
Atlantic Charter
1941-Pledge signed by US president FDR and British prime minister Winston Churchill not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII amd to work for peace after the war
American First Committee
Organization created by isolationists who argued that the United States should keep out of Europe's business.
