APWH Unit 6 ~ Industrial Revolution (Reading Checks)

A significant technology that transformed the lives of factory workers and expanded the work day past sunset was -gas lighting. -electricity. -indoor plumbing. -regulation of clocks. -public transportation.

gas lighting

In the cotton industry, what offered the twin advantages of increased productivity for the manufacturer and lower prices for the consumer -ionization -inebriation -mechanization -specialization -None of these are correct.

mechanization

The Second Industrial Revolution centered primarily on the use of electricity, petroleum and.... the use of chemicals mechanization coal production contracting railroad firms

mechanization

According to the chapter, what was not one of the five major innovations that spurred industrialization? -electricity -the steam engine -the division of labor -increased production of iron -All of these are correct.

All of these are correct

The first commercially successful steamboat was Robert Fulton's North River, which first sailed in this river. -St. Lawrence Seaway -Hudson River -Mississippi River -Ohio River -Erie Canal

Hudson River

This is the new social class between the nobility and the peasants...

The Middle Class

Steamships brought what disease to Europe from India? * -smallpox -cholera -rickets -shingles -bubonic plague

cholera

To have a working_____ meant you were 'low class' and the husband was considered a 'failure' as he was unable to support the family alone.

wife

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the role of population growth in the origins of the Industrial Revolution? * A) As food production became more efficient and yields increased, the population in the countryside began to grow larger. Many young men who inherited little or no land began to migrate to cities to find work. This steady stream of labor provided an industrial workforce. B) The ideals of the Enlightenment became more readily accepted by the nineteenth century, and fewer and fewer people practiced Christianity. This breakdown in traditional morals led to more births out of wedlock, increasing the population. C) As Europe's factories began to grow, people from outside Europe began to move there from North America, Africa, and the Middle East in search of jobs. This swelled Europe's population and provided an industrial workforce.

A

Which of the following statements about the impact of the Industrial Revolution on women and children are true? Check all that apply. A. In the early phases of the Industrial Revolution most women who worked, did not work in factories. B. Industrialization created many new opportunities for middle class women to work outside the home. C. Middle class women were increasingly encouraged to focus on their domestic lives. D. During the early phases of industrialization, children were seen as an important part of the labor force.

A,B, D

Who wrote The Wealth of Nations? Adam Smith Thomas Malthus Jeremy Bentham Friedrich Engels

Adam Smith

The agricultural revolution was a change in farming methods and crops that resulted in... -the creation of a large class of landless farm laborers. -wealthy landowners taking over communal lands. -European population growth as a result of new crops such as potatoes and corn. -the introduction of better livestock, soil improvement, and crop rotation. -All of these are correct

All of these are correct

Which of the following best describes the appeal of Chartism in England? -universal male suffrage -the secret ballot -salaries for members of Parliament -annual elections -All of these are correct.

All of these are correct

Which of the following was true of poor urban neighborhoods? -They were often filled with overcrowded tenements. -There was an atmosphere of filth, pollution, and sewage. -The danger of typhus, smallpox, dysentery, and tuberculosis was very high. -Houses were often mixed in with factories. -All of these are correct.

All of these are correct

Which of the following were factors that gave Britain a "head start" on the Industrial Revolution? -It was the world's leading exporter of tools, guns, hardware, and other crafts. -It had the largest merchant marine. -It was highly commercial, and many people were involved in production and trade. -It enjoyed a high standard of living and a "fluid" society. -All of these are correct.

All of these are correct

Women with small children tried hard to find work that could be done at home such as laundry. embroidery. millinery. taking in lodgers. All of these are correct.

All of these are correct

Which of the following enhanced the production of steel during the second Industrial Revolution? Use of sulfric acid in smelting Carnegie Process Bessemer Process The Zollevrin Process

Bessemer Process

His (Muhammad Ali) efforts were stopped by the_________ who did not want Egyptian finished products to compete with their own. Americans Ottoman Jannisaries British Greeks

British

Which of the following best describes the impact of the British control of India on Indian economic development? A. The introduction of British technology strengthened the textile industry and brought increased prosperity for the average worker. B. The British encouraged the production of finished textiles but made sure that India imported most of its raw materials from Britain. C. The British destroyed the Indian textile industry and India was reduced to exporting raw materials to British factories.

C

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the role of the government in fostering the Industrial Revolution? A) Government regulations in Britain were heavier than in other countries, but more conducive to the development of business. B) Britain was one of the least mobile societies in Europe, which stifled innovation. C) The lack of central political power in Britain created fewer obstacles to manufacturing and trade than in other countries.

C

Which of the following factors were the main reasons that China did not industrialize in the nineteenth century? Check all that apply. A. China was economically devastated after a long war with the Japan. B. China was content to buy finished industrial goods from Britain. C. The British used force to take over parts of China and prevented industrialization. D. China was much more focused on the domestic economy than it was on foreign trade.

C and D

Which of the following was not a type of protest or call for reform during the Industrial Revolution? Luddites Captain Swing riots Grand National Consolidated Trade Union United Briton Enclosure

Enclosure

When Muhammad Ali became the ruler of Egypt in the early nineteenth century he began to industrialize the country by bringing in experts from Europe USA China Ottoman Empire

Europe

How did industrialization change China's relationship with the West? -China's industrialization put it on an equal footing with the West. -Industrialization caused Chinese and Western workers to unite. -European steam-powered gunboats humiliated China's military. -European nations "shared the wealth" with China. -Europe demanded massive Chinese immigration for factory work

European steam-powered gunboats humiliated China's military

True or False: Although the Enclosure movement had a negative impact on industrialization, it generally improved the lives of the rural poor.

False

True or False: One result of the mechanization of the cotton industry was that fewer workers were needed and many slaves were freed in the United States. -True -False

False

What small English town became the fastest-growing city in history as a result of the Industrial Revolution? -Liverpool -Sheffield -Birmingham -Manchester -Irwell

Manchester

Whose Egyptian reform efforts ran afoul of the British? Attaturk Muhammad Ali Cowasjee Nanabhoy Davar Emperor Wu British East India Company

Muhammad Ali

Why was industrialization of continental Europe more difficult than in Britain? -Ongoing wars slowed the diffusion of British technologies and discouraged investment in industrial production. -Nationalism prohibited trade with other countries. -Tariffs (taxes on goods between countries) made transportation very expensive. -Europe lacked rivers. -Continental Europe had no colonies from which to get raw goods.

Ongoing wars slowed the diffusion of British technologies and discouraged investment in industrial production

Which of the following were efforts that European governments made to stimulate their economies? -Opening of technical schools -Promotion of private investment in industry building -Elimination of internal tariffs -Encouraging joint stock companies -All of the above.

Promotion of private investment in industry building

This connects the British to trade routes in the east and was constructed in Egypt Panama Canal Erie Canal Trans-Siberian Railroad Suez Canal

Suez Canal

True or False... After investing heavily in Industrializing.. Germany was able to catch or pass Great Britain in several fields True False

True

The first Industrial Revolution takes place in Great Britain.. The Second Industrial Revolution takes place in Germany and... China Prussia United States Italy

United States

As a result of industrialization, the relationship between western Europe and the non-Western world -improved through increased communications. -worsened through the savagery of the slave trade. -remained the same. -became based on Western dominance. -became dominated by the non-Western world through their monopoly of raw materials.

became based on Western dominance

England began importing raw cotton and making cloth domestically -because the English Parliament banned importation of cotton cloth. -because there was no other source of cheap clothing. -because it badly needed the raw material for its mills. -because its export was stopped by other countries. -in order to support the southern states during the American Civil War.

because the English Parliament banned importation of cotton cloth

In the early years of industrialization, most women worked in -laundry and sewing. -coal mining. -textile factories. -nursing and teaching. -domestic servant positions.

domestic servant positions

Britain's main strategy to eliminate competition in trade, especially in India, was to -flood the market with cheap goods and drive competitors out of business. -start a war, which Britain could win because of its superior navy. -suppress all unionist activity that might cause an interruption of productivity. -send all the Chartist reformers to Australia. -send in saboteurs to destroy other countries' factories.

flood the market with cheap goods and drive competitors out of business

A significant contribution to the mass manufacture of cheap metal items, such as Eli Whitney's production of firearms, was the development of -interchangeable parts. -lost wax casting of iron. -individual fitting together of parts by hand. -molded metal. -amalgamations of metal known as pig iron.

interchangeable parts

The laissez-faire argument challenged the prevailing economic model of the time, which was mercantilism. positivism. communism. Keynesian. anarchosyndicalism.

merchantilism

To address the misery of the poor, French socialists proposed that workers form communities under the protection of business leaders and that social and economic problems could be solved by application of the scientific method; their views were known as totalitarianism. humanism. positivism. Darwinism.

positivism

In the cool and humid regions of Europe, what new crop brought from the Americas contributed greatly to the agricultural revolution? -potato -wheat -rice -rye -oats

potato

As a result of industrialization of Britain, the most valuable crop in America was -coal. -lumbar. -steel. -cotton. -potatoes.

potatoes

According to the text, which industry offers a good example of mass production? -cotton -pottery -iron -steam -railroad

pottery

The 18th and 19th centuries would be defined by a struggle for _______ between the old elites (land-owning nobles) and the new elites (the Middle Class)

power

The Factory Act of 1833.... -prohibited textile mills from employing workers under the age of nine. -increased wages for all workers of Great Britain and Scotland. -granted women equal pay for equal work. -created separate guilds for male and female workers. -enacted safety laws.

prohibited textile mills from employing workers under the age of nine

The most revolutionary invention of the Industrial Revolution was James Watt's -cotton gin. -steam engine. -saddle. -bicycle. -light bulb.

steam engine

Many of these working class families were forced to live in small,dirty neighborhoods, usually in single-rooms known as apartments tenements dorms slums

tenements

Friedrich List's ideas helped lead to the formation of communism. utopias. the proletariat. the Zollverein. the Raj.

the Zollverein

What invention, which was developed simultaneously in England and America, revolutionized communication during the Industrial Revolution? -the phonograph -radar -the electric telegraph -the battery -the telephone

the electric telegraph

The real beneficiaries of the early Industrial Revolution, according to the text, were -landed gentry. -recent immigrants who were able to obtain jobs in industry. -rural farmers and sharecroppers who were in demand for food supply. -the middle classes. -women who had greater social mobility and earning power.

the middle classes

Larger and more complex machinery allowed for the elimination of which of the following the demand for British steel the need for human workers the need for water in the creation of electricity the need for complex banking institutions such as the Bank of England

the need for human workers

Urbanization had the greatest impact on.... * -the elite, who came to the cities to attend fashionable events. -the bourgeoisie, who developed a professional class. -the factory owners, who came to the cities to keep an eye on their businesses. -the poor, who came to increasingly overcrowded cities from rural areas for work. -children, who attended schools in cities.

the poor, who came to increasingly overcrowded cities from rural areas for work

Thomas Malthus' explanation of workers' misfortunes was that -the population was outgrowing the food supply and leading to falling wages. -the weak would perish and the strong would survive. -workers needed to work harder and longer hours. -the government was uncaring.

the population was outgrowing the food supply and leading to falling wages

Among the new inventions developed to weave cotton textiles was (were) -the steam engine. -the spinning jenny and the water frame. -the power loom and the thread "genie." -the fulling press and the iron "foot." -the rotary weaving engine.

the spinning jenny and the water frame

New forms of energy were important for industrialization, such as... -horse power. -wind and water energy. -the steam engine and electricity. -hydroelectric power. -gas turbine engines.

the steam engine and electricity

North Americans changed their environment on a ____ scale. -minimal -vast -medium -minor -None of these are correct.

vast

Industrial work had an enormous effect on the family because -it provided a steady income for families. -work was now removed from the home and family members were separated all day. -children were happier in factories than on farms. -factory work was safer than farm work. -the move to the city made families happier and more stable.

work was now removed from the home and family members were separated all day