AQ final Exam - Spine

4) Superior Articular Process

1) spinous process 2) Transverse process 3) Inferior articular process 4) Superior articular process

1) Lumbosacral joint

A Male patient is positioned supine on the x-ray table. The central ray is angled 30 degrees cephalic and enters the patient's body two inches distal to the anterior superior iliac spine. Which anatomy is demonstrated by this projection? 1) Lumbosacral joint 2) Vertebral foramina 3) zygapophyseal joint 4) intervertebral foramina

2) 8 degrees caudal

A female patient's spine is not horizontal for a lateral projection of the L5- S1 joint interspace. On average how much should the central ray be angled and in which direction? 1) 5 degrees caudal 2) 8 degrees caudal 3) 5 degrees cephalic 4) 8 degrees cephalic

3) tip the patients head forward

An Anteroposterior (AP) open mouth demonstrates the upper incisors superior to the base of the skull. What should the radiographer do? 1) accept image 2) tip the patients head back 3) tip the patient s head forward 4) increase the milliampere-seconds (mas)

4) 45 degree posterior oblique

An image of the cervical spine demonstrates the Intervertebral foramina farthest from the image receptor. which projection is described? 1) Lateral 2) Anteroposterior (AP) 3) 45 degree anterior oblique 4) 45 degree posterior oblique

1) 90 degrees

At what angle is the zygapophyseal joint of the 2nd to the 7th cervical vertebrae located? 1) 90 degrees 2) 45 degrees 3) 15 degrees 4) 75 degrees

3) 1 1/2 inches inferior to the iliac crest

At what level should the central ray be projected during the examination of an injured patient with a dislocated L5 - S1? 1) 4 inches inferior to the iliac crest 2) 2 inches superior to iliac crest 3) 1 1/2 inches inferior to the iliac crest 4) 4 1/2 inches superior to the iliac crest

3) T7

At which vertebral level does the central ray enter for an Anteroposterior (AP) projection of the thoracic spine? 1) T4 2) T6 3) T7 4) T9

Where does the central ray enter for an anterposterior (AP) projection of the cervical spine? 1) C3 2) C4 3) C7 4) Mid-Mouth

C4

3) ask the patient to elevate head

The radiographer evaluates the image of a 45-degree anterior oblique projection of the cervical spine and observes the mandible superimposed over the upper cervical spine. What should the radiographer do next? 1) Accept the image 2) Increase degree of patient rotation 3) Ask the patient to elevate the head 4) Use a 15 - 20 degree caudal angle

4) 90

The zygapophyseal joints of the 2nd through 7th cervical vertebrae are located at what angle to the midsagittal plane? 1) 15 2) 30 3) 45 4) 90

4 ) 15 to 20 degrees cephalic

What are the angle and direction of the central ray used for a standard Anteroposterior (AP) image of the cervical spine? 1) perpendicular 2) 45 degrees caudal 3) 15 to 20 degrees caudal 4) 15 to 20 degrees cephalic

2) very short spinous process 3) it is a ring like structure with no body

What are the characteristics of the atlas? select all that apply 1) Its long and prominent 2) very short spinous process 3) it is a ring like structure with no body 4) its spinous process is horizontal in position 5) A strong conical process arises from its body

4) vertebra prominens

What is the 7th cervical vertebra of the vertebral column called? 1) Axis 2) Atlas 3) Odontoid process 4) vertebra prominens

4) Sacral Promontory

What is the prominent ridge present at the base of the superior anterior margin of the sacrum called? 1) Ala 2) Sacral horn 3) Sacral Canal 4) Sacral Promontory

2) L3

Where should the central ray enter for an oblique projection of the lumbar spine? 1) L2 2) L3 3) L4 4) L5

1) Vertebrae contains Dens 2) Vertebrae contains 3 foramina 3) More dominant articular pillars are present

Which are characteristics of cervical vertebrae? select all that apply 1) Vertebrae contains dens 2) Vertebrae contains three foramina 3) More dominant articular pillars are present 4) Vertebrae contains facets for rib articulation 5) Vertebrae contain demifacets for rib articulation 6) Vertebrae contain single facet for rib articulation

1) Gonion

Which are external landmark corresponds to C2 and C3? 1) Gonion 2) Mastoid Tip 3) Hyoid Bone 4) Thyroid Cartilage

2) Atlas and the occipital bone

Which bones articulate in an atlanto-occipital or occipitoatlantal articulation? 1) Sacrum and the two ilia 2) atlas and the occipital bone 3) anterior arch of the atlas and the dens of the axis 4) tubercles of ribs and transverse process of thoracic vertebrae

1) Odontoid Fracture 2) Jefferson Fracture

Which can be identified by performing an antero posterior (AP) open mouth projection of the 1st and 2nd cervical spine? Select all that apply 1) Odontoid Fracture 2) Jefferson Fracture 3) Shoveler's fracture 4) Compression fracture 5) Herniated nucleus purposes

4) 30 to 35 degree cephalic angle

Which central angulation is required to demonstrate the L5/S1 joint space in the Anteroposterior projection of the sacroiliac joints? 1) 0 to 10 degree cephalic angle 2) 10 to 15 degree cephalic angle 3) 15 to 20 degree cephalic angle 4) 30 to 35 degree cephalic angle

4) 15 degrees cephalic

Which central ray angle and direction is recommended for an Anteroposterior (AP) projection of the sacrum? 1) 10 degrees caudal 2) 15 degrees caudal 3) 10 degrees cephalic 4) 15 degrees cephalic

4) Anteroposterior (AP) open mouth

Which cervical spine projection demonstrates the zygapophyseal joint between C1 and C2? 1) lateral 2) anteroposterior (AP) 3) 45 degree anterior oblique 4) Anteroposterior (AP) open mouth

2) Intervertebral foramina are seen in profile

Which image criterion determines that rotation is not present on a lateral projection of the thoracic spine? 1) Zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated 2) Intervertebral foramina are seen in profile 3) Asymmetrical appearance of sternoclavicular (SC) joints 4) Spinous Processes are demonstrated in middle of vertebral bodies

4) Spinous processes are demonstrated in middle of vertebral bodies

Which image criterion determines that rotation is not present on an Anteroposterior (AP) projection of the thoracic spine? 1) Zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated 2) Intervertebral foramina are seen in profile 3) Asymmetrical appearance of sternoclavicular (SC) joints 4) Spinous processes are demonstrated in middle of vertebral bodies

lateral projection of the lower cervical spine

Which image does this depict?

2) Xiphoid Process

Which is the landmark for locating the 9th and 10th thoracic vertebrae 1) Iliac Crest 2) Xiphoid Process 3) Lower Costal Margin 4) Anterior Superior Iliac Supine

2) Zygapophyseal

Which joints are found between the articulation processes of the vertebral arches? 1) Intervertebral 2) Zygapophyseal 3) Costovertebral 4) Costotransverse

4) vertebra prominens

Which landmark is used for locating the first thoracic Vertebra? 1) sternal angle 2) jugular notch 3) ensiform process 4) vertebra prominens

2) pedicle

Which part of the cervical vertebra is indicated in the image? 1) body 2) pedicle 3) vertebral foramen 4) transverse process

4) 25 degree right posterior oblique (RPO)

Which projection best demonstrates the left sacroiliac joint? 1) left lateral 2) right lateral 3) 25 degree left posterior oblique (lpo) 4) 25 degree right posterior oblique (rpo)

3) Odontoid process

Which projection uses the occlusal plane as a positioning landmark? 1) lumbar spine 2) thoracic spine 3) odontoid process 4) sacrum and coccyx

Lateral Anteroposterior (AP) Axial

Which radiographic positions are recommended for imaging the sacrum and coccyx in a patient? Select all that apply 1) Lateral 2) Posteroanterior (PA) axial 3) Anteroposterior (AP) axial 4) Posteroanterior (PA) oblique 5) Anteroposterior (AP) oblique

1) The spinal cord is a slender elongated structure 3) the spinal cord is part of the central nervous system 5) the spinal cord ends in a pointed extremity called the conus medullaris

Which statements are true regarding the spinal cord? select all that apply 1) The spinal cord is a slender, elongated structure 2) the spinal cord is connected to the pins at one end 3) the spinal cord is part of the central nervous system 4) The spinal cord is connected to 30 pairs of spinal nerves 5) The spinal cord ends in a pointed extremity called the conus medullaris

3) intervertebral foramina

Which structures are most clearly demonstrated on an optimal 45-degree oblique cervical spine radiograph? 1) transverse foramina 2) zygapophyseal joints 3) Intervertebral foramina 4) Intervertebral disk spaces

C3 through T1 or T2 interspace

Which structures are shown in an Anteroposterior (AP) axial projection of the cervical spine? 1) C7-T1 2) C1 and C2 vertebrae 3) Intervertebral foramen 4) C3 through T1 or T2 interspace

3) T1-T10

Which vertebrae contain facets on transverse processes for rib articulation 1) C1 2) T1-T12 3) T1-T10 4) T11-T12

Answer : D

identify the spinous process in the posterior superior view of the axis

1) pedicles

which part of the bone forms the anterior portion of the vertebral arch? 1) pedicle 2) laminae 3) spinous process 4) transverse process

2) Lamina

which part of the typical vertebra is indicated in the image? 1) pedicle 2) lamina 3) spinous process 4) Transverse process