ARCH 215 - Sustainability
Which of the following establishes minimum standards for ventilation?
ASHRAE 62.1
Which of the following refers to the dominant development pattern of the second half of the twentieth century?
Conventional development or sprawl
Which of the following refers to a test where air is blown over a material or assembly of materials and then tested for chemical compounds?
Emissions Chamber Test
Part of the process of enhancing an ecosystem involves restoring it to its natural, pre-developed state. Which of the following is a procedure that would likely help restore the ecosystem?
Establish wildlife rehabilitation programs.
One of the benefits to collecting Greywater is that it can be stored for long periods of time without having to worry about bad odors caused from decomposing. (T or F)
False
Which of the following is not an effective resource consideration for land use, buildings, and sites?
Manage water as an unlimited-supply resource.
Which of the following is not one of the five elements used to meet energy goals in residential design?
Maximum use of thermal bridging to increase heat transfer.
Which of the following is not considered an element towards generative design?
New buildings should use new resources.
Which household appliance uses the most electricity, about one-sixth of all the electricity used in American households?
Refrigerator
Which of the following testing programs covers architectural coatings?
SCAQMD Rule 1113
Which of the following testing programs covers caulks, sealants, and adhesives?
SCAQMD Rule 1168
What are the six performance areas of the Living Building Challenge?
Site, energy, materials, water, indoor quality, beauty/inspiration.
What does the acronym VOC stand for?
Volatile Organic Compound
In today's context, a charrette is a brainstorming session that promotes the exchange of ideas with immediate feedback to all team participants. Who are the participants involved within this process? (select all that apply) hint- there are multiple answers
-Builder -Stakeholders -Design Team -Owner
Which of the following are reasons as to why the federal government and other private sectors like the U.S. Green Building Council have implemented standards and mandates for buildings? (select all that apply) hint - there are multiple answers
-Continuing health problems due to poor indoor environmental quality. -Buildings are responsible for high percentages of greenhouse gases. -The amount of safety and security related expenditures.
Since January 1st, 1994, the EPA has required all new residential toilets must use no more than __________ gallons per flush.
1.6
Which of the following is the original use of the term charrette in architecture?
A wooden-wheeled cart used by architecture students to turn in assigned drawings.
Which of the following testing programs covers composite wood products?
CPA 2-06
__________ lighting became commonplace in commercial buildings by the early 1950s, using less energy and producing less heat than __________ lighting.
Fluorescent, incandescent
Which of the following was developed in 1998 by the USGBC?
Green Globes
In regard to materials emissions testing, which of the following is the best indicator of a product's potential health and odor effects?
Individual VOCs
Which of the following represents grouping small industries in proximity so they share heating and cooling through each other's waste streams and heat losses?
Industrial Ecology
Which of the following is not a factor the integrated building design process depends on in order to be successful.
Optimal climate conditions.
Which of the following refers to the energy standards developed by the State of California in the 1070s?
Title 24
A LEED credit cannot be earned if the project site is on land identified as habitat for species on state or federal lists of threatened or endangered species. (T or F)
True
One order of business in a design charrette is to set goals for the project as a whole system. Which of the following questions would not typically be asked to assist in setting these goals?
What is the carbon footprint of the developed land?
The term __________ refers to the historically most common method/attitude towards design; designing for only one lifetime then discarding as waste, disregards interconnectivity, assumes resources are for present use only, and not sustainable.
degenerative design
Green roofs are simply roofs with living plant ecosystems serving to protect the inner space of a building. Generally, we can separate green building roofs into two classifications, __________ and __________.
extensive, intensive
IAQ stands for __________.
indoor air quality
Which of the following refers to the technology that converts waste into a solid, liquid, or gas?
pyrolysis
The building industry accounts for __________ percent of all raw material use in the United States.
40
Who of the following is most closely tied to the ecology movement?
Aldo Leopold
Which of the following refers to the amount of heat needed to raise one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit?
British Thermal Unit (BTU)
Which of the following refers to previously developed sites that have been contaminated through industrial use, storage or disposal of toxics, or other uses?
Brownfield
Which of the following is not a major component of creating a sustainable community?
Build on steep slopes and floodplains.
Which of the following is another name for Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)?
Building Ecology
Which of the following is not one of the factors that building commissioning ensures a building performs in accordance with?
The structural engineer.
The three major steps in the Life Cycle Assessment process are inventory analysis, impacts assessment, and interpretation of the impacts. (T or F)
True
Which of the following refers to designing for equal access by all people, regardless of physical disabilities, social class, ethnicity, or background?
Universal Accessibility
One of the prerequisites for the Living Building Challenge involves a responsible site selection. According to the Living Building Challenge, which of the following locations would be responsible to build on?
Vacant lot.
Which of the following is a landscaping strategy that focuses on using drought-tolerant native and adaptive species that require minimal to no watering?
Xeriscaping
Which of the following is a job of the LEED-Accredited Professional regarding a design charrette? (select all that apply) hint - there are multiple answers
-Educate all participants on the concept of a high-performance building. -Conduct reviews of the building program. -Lay out the owner's goals and requirements of the project. -Meet with members of the design team, beforehand, to discuss information needs.
Another of the prerequisites for the Living Building Challenge involves a habitat exchange. For each acre of land developed, an equal amount of land must be set aside for at least __________ years.
100
One of the prerequisites for the Living Building Challenge involves net-zero energy. What percentage of the building's energy needs must be supplied by on-site renewable energy on a net annual basis?
100%
Buildings use __________ percent of all potable water.
12.2
Which of the following testing programs covers office furniture systems?
BIFMA
Which of the following is among the oldest and most extensively used ratings systems and was developed in the United Kingdom in 1990?
BREEAM
Which of the following refers to measuring substances in blood, urine, breast milk, hair, organs, and tissues?
Biomonitoring
Within a rainwater system, which component is usually the largest single required investment?
Cistern
Which of the following acts were passed by congress in 1972 to regulate the discharge of pollutants into oceans, bays, rivers, lakes, and streams?
Clean Water Act
Which of the following is not one of the goals of a charrette?
Completing a finite design solution.
Which of the following is not a natural resource?
Concrete
Which of the following refers to the movement of heat from lower to higher locations within an enclosed space?
Convection
Which of the following would be classified as night ventilation?
Cool outside air is drawn over a thermally massive concrete floor slab overnight so it has increased capacity to absorb heat the next day.
Which of the following was largely responsible for eradicating malaria in certain parts of the world?
DDT
Which of the following is one of the simplest and most effective methods to reduce the use of electricity in nonresidential buildings?
Daylighting
Which of the following refers to where chemicals and pollutants end up in the air, water, soil, and food we consume?
Deposition
Which of the following is not a technique used in a well-designed residence to delay using mechanical systems to cool a building?
Designing spaces with low ceilings.
According to the 2010 Imperative Challenge, which requirement should all design education add as a solution to design problems that engage the environment?
Dramatically reduce or eliminate the need for fossil fuel.
Which of the following is not one of the four elements of good IAQ design?
Dust control at the site during construction
Which of the following represents the triple bottom line?
Economic, environmental, and social sustainability
Any lighting control strategy should be employed in a building for conserving both electricity usage and money, regardless of the abilities of the building occupants to understand, operate, and maintain the equipment. (T or F)
False
Building product off-gassing will produce a similar effect in every building occupant. (T or F)
False
Which of the following household elements should not be used to make your own cleaning products?
Formaldehyde
Which of the following terms is used to describe blighted or obsolete buildings sitting on land that is not necessarily contaminated?
Grayfield
The __________ focuses on the problems of affluence and over-consumption, whereas the __________ focuses on the problems of poverty and underdevelopment.
Green Agenda, Brown Agenda
Which of the following is a building rating system that is used as an alternative to LEED?
Green Globes
Which of the following should be considered equivalent to integrated building design?
Green design
Which of the following refers to isolated areas within cities where the ambient temperature is much higher than surrounding areas?
Heat Island
Which of the following is not a factor as to why metals are considered green construction materials and work well in high-performance applications?
High embodied energy.
__________ is a project delivery approach that integrates people, systems, business structures, and practices into a process that collaboratively harnesses the talents and insights of all participants to optimize project results, increase value to the owner, reduce waste, and maximize efficiency through all phases of design, fabrication, and construction.
Integrated Building Design Process
What is the purpose of an air barrier?
It helps reduce air infiltration.
Which of the following is true concerning the ISO 14000 category of Environmental Management?
It seeks to provide conforming standards for organizations that help them minimize harmful effects on the environment.
Who convinced Theodore Roosevelt to protect wilderness areas from development?
John Muir
What does LEED stand for?
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
Which of the following attempts to deliver quantifiable predictions of sustainable strategy performance, economics, or operation of an integrated building?
Life Cycle Assessment tools
Which of the following is not an advantage of a business selecting green buildings over conventional buildings?
Low initial costs for technology and controls.
Which of the following was added in 1987 to regulate polluted storm-water runoff?
NPDES
In regard to passive solar heating, which of the following is not a thermally massive material that will store the sunlight during the day and re-radiate the heat to the building's occupants and interior spaces in the evening?
Plants
Which of the following is not considered a pollutant of concern?
Potable water
Another part of the process of rebuilding an ecosystem involves providing an enhancement for wildlife. Which of these is not a procedure that would likely enhance wildlife?
Provide non-edible landscaping.
What is the main priority when selecting building materials and products?
Reducing the quantity of materials needed for construction.
Which of the following was a 1950's commission which urged private enterprise with governmental oversight to engineer new technology such as solar hot water and solar energy technology?
The Paley Commission Report
__________ provides comprehensive project analysis and ratings. However, rather than develop a certification based on the best products in the green category, they try to define what an environmentally sustainable product should be and compare existing products to that ideal.
The Pharos Project
Which of the following is true concerning the relationship between cool roofs and heat island effect?
The light-colored materials in a cool roof help reflect the sun and decrease heat island effect.
During the preparation phase of a project, the client/user will complete a needs assessment. Which of the following is not part of this process?
The project is sent out to be bid by multiple contractors.
From an energy performance perspective, in all climates of North America, why is it preferable to elongate residential and small commercial buildings on the East-West axis?
This increases the percentage of building walls that face North and South.
Blackwater is classified as water that not only contains human waste but it may sometimes include wastewater from the sink because it may contain elements (grease, oil, food scraps) that are very difficult to process in treatment plants. (T or F)
True
Carbon footprint is a measure of the impact our activities have on the environment with the analysis limited to emissions that affect climate change. (T or F)
True
Commissioning is the process in which the construction management team, or third party, evaluates the building's success at meeting the requirements of the original program. (T or F)
True
The 2030 Challenge guidelines as for the fossil fuel reduction standard to be increased to __________ for all new buildings and major renovations by 2030.
carbon-neutral
Products and processes will be tested and evaluated to see that they will meet standards through __________ programs.
certification
According to the EPA, which material provides the most construction and demolition waste?
concrete and mixed rubble
Which of the following refers to the systematic disassembly of a building in the reverse order of construction?
deconstruction
There are __________ levels of LEED certification. The highest level of certification is __________ and the lowest level is __________.
four, platinum, certified
Pollutants are organized into groups by how they affect an IEQ. The __________ group contains pollutants that originate from things inside of living spaces.
second
A __________ certification is the most strongly supported because a reputable and non-biased party conducts product testing and awards the certification.
third-party
According to the EPA, the largest single use of water in residential and commercial building is __________.
toilet flushing
Which of the following is not an Integrated Waste Management technique?
weighted oceanic nets
Of the following construction materials, which would be the most appropriate to incinerate?
wood products
