archaeology final

What can archaeologists infer from sites such as Stonehenge and Gobekli Tepe?

Large labor forces indicate hunter-gatherers had complex sociopolitical structures

How do seeds of domesticates differ from those in the wild?

Larger with thinner seed coats

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of institutionalized leadership?

Leaders related to followers through kinship ties

Which of the following statements best describes Great Zimbabwe's origins?

Center of a local, formally organized state

Which of the following are threats to cultural resources?

Climate change Housing booms Archaeology

What likely led to the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization?

Climate change including a substantial drought

Which of the following is the best example of collaborative archaeology?

Community members help archaeologists write the research design

In North America, which is NOT a sub-field of anthropology?

Geology

The presence of large vats at this site may indicate alcohol production was one reason that hunter-gatherers in Anatolia intensified seed exploitation.

Gobekli Tepe

Which characteristics best describe the anthropological approach?

Holistic and integrative

Which statement about human evolution is true?

Hominins diverged from other apes more than 6 million years ago

Archaeologists know that early hominids were obtaining meat (and marrow) based on stone artifact cut and percussion marks on animal bones. Which of the following statements about this meat consumption is true?

Homo erectus is the first hominin species to actively hunt for their food

Liaua Cave is an archaeological site on the island of Flores that yielded some of the only evidence for this particular species of hominin in Indonesia. Which species was it?

Homo floresiensis

Which of the following statements about the Paleolithic is NOT accurate?

Homo sapiens were the sole hominids living in Europe at the time

What is the definition of absolute dating?

Methods that obtain calendar dates for archaeological sites

Who was Tutankhamun?

Minor pharaoh who began famous only because his tomb was found unplundered

Propaganda technologies do NOT include the following?

Monumental architecture Iconography on pots Murals

How do we see evidence for domestication in animal species populations?

Most males are slaughtered at a young age, while most females live to adulthood

Which of the following best describes the settlement of the Americas?

Multiple waves of people along the Pacific Coast and through the midcontinent

What challenges led to the development of complex societies?

Need to increase agricultural output Water control (e.g., irrigation) External threats (e.g., powerful neighbor)

Which of the following conditions help to preserve organic materials?

None of these

The Indus Valley or Harrapan Civilization was founded by colonists from which region?

None, the civilization developed in situ

Archaeological evidence suggests builders used Durrington Walls periodically for hundreds of years. What purpose did it serve?

Occupation settlement, at least during pilgrimages to the monuments

Homo habilis utilized which type of stone tool technology?

Oldowan choppers

Which of the following statements best describes Çatalhöyük?

One of the oldest and largest complex settlements in the Neolithic

How do anthropologists recognize complex hunter-gatherers?

People intensifying collection of a few productive resources

What did genetic evidence reveal about the relationship between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens?

The two species interbred

Which of the following characteristics describe Clovis points?

They had a basal flute Once believed to be produced by the first inhabitants of North American Often found in association with mammoth and mastodon remains

Which of these characteristics is true about Australopithecines?

They had smaller brains than modern humans

Why are index artifacts useful in cross-dating?

They have a restricted temporal range and distinct morphology

Piltdown Man was a hoax presented in the early 20th century to persuade people that the first hominins lived in Europe.

True

During the Uruk Period (5500 - 5000 years ago), what city became known for its complex political organization, secular rulers, priestly elites, large temples, and vast trading networks?

Uruk

Which trait was the first to evolve in the human line?

Bipedalism

Based on the stratigraphy in the figure above, did A (hearth) or B (strata) occur first?

A

What was the key paleoanthropological discovery made at the site of Laetoli?

A 23-meter-long trackway of human-like footprints dating to more than 3.5 million years ago

Stonehenge lies within an area of densely packed mortuary monuments. Which statement best describes this built landscape?

A ceremonial route from recreating the cycle of life

What is the significance of the Rosetta Stone?

Allowed for the translation of Egyptian hieroglyphs

How do archaeologists interpret the clay tokens found in Mesopotamia?

Amounts of commodities like grain

What is the Pompeii Premise?

Assumption that the archaeological record is an exact representation of how people in the past left it

Which of the following statements about Ancient Egypt is incorrect?

At least 75% of the population resided in the city centers

What is the opposite of ethnocentrism?

Cultural relativism

Which of the following statements about culture is NOT true?

Culture is uniform throughout a community

Which of the following is a reason for urbanization?

Defense Elites can monitor/control nonelites Centralized technology (e.g., irrigation)

Generally, which group of people were responsible for the construction of ancient pyramids?

Egyptian citizens

What did excavations at the "Royal Tomb of Ur" tell us about ancient Mesopotamian society?

Elite burials have symbolic importance

What is the difference between states and empires?

Empires are larger and often include multiple states

What technique can be described as the systematic uncovering of archaeological remains through removal of deposits of soil and other material?

Excavation

As related by Richard Lee in Eating Christmas in the Kalahari, the Kung! San people readily accepted and were thankful for Lee's gift of Cow to them.

False

Like Egypt, Mesopotamia was unified as a stable and long-lasting state.

False

Poverty Point demonstrates great income inequality and social stratification during the Mississippian time period.

False

The Uluburun shipwreck is significant, because it demonstrates how extensive trade networks were throughout China.

False

Which of these demonstrates the principle of uniformitarianism?

Floodwaters always rise to the same height each year, allowing us to reconstruct seasonality

Discovered in 1908, Folsom was the first site to unequivocally prove that Native Americans had been in the Americas for at least 10,000 years. What did they find at the site?

Fluted spearpoint in association with ribs of bison

Which evidence suggests that Neanderthals showed compassion for each other?

Fossils that show some Neanderthals survived severe trauma or chronic disease

Archaeologists can examine wear or damage patterns on stone tools using a high powered microscope. What can they determine with this information?

How the artifacts were used

Which feature best distinguishes humans from Neanderthals?

Humans are less robust

Why did the residents of Abu Hureya switch to cultivating rye?

In response to drought and the Younger Dryas climate change

Which statement best characterizes cultural development during the early Holocene?

Increasing cultural diversity across the globe

When archaeologists excavated Dmanisi, they found a Homo erectus camp site underneath a 9th century town. What is significant about the site?

It is the earliest hominin site outside of Africa

A small group of people abandon the remains of their picnic lunch on the grass in the South Oval on campus. What might you ask them to pick up?

Primary refuse

This summer, archaeologists were excavating a house in Eastern Oklahoma and discovered a pit with burnt bone and charcoal. Which dating method should they use to determine the age of the site?

Radiocarbon dating

What does the Koster site in Illinois tell us about early occupants in North America?

Reflects some of the first semi-permanent occupation in a resource rich areas

The end of the Pleistocene marked environmental changes that caused many cultures to shift their subsistence strategies. How would you best characterize this shift for most populations?

Replacement of megafauna by smaller animals, fish, shellfish, and birds

What dating method relies on the assumption that artifacts that looks alike were produced at the same time?

Seriation

Which of the following events could be seen by an examination of a geological time scale?

Soil formation

Which of the following statements about subsistence strategies during the Upper Paleolithic is true?

Subsistence strategies broadened to include a greater range of plants and animals.

Which entity formed the physical and ideological center of Mesopotamian States?

Temple

Archaeological indicators of social stratification do NOT include which of the following?

burial treatment Distinctive housing Quantity and quality of foods