Army Training & Leader Development AR 350-1
What is a battle drill?
A battle drill is a collective action rapidly executed without applying a deliberate decision-making process
What is a crew drill?
A crew drill is a collective action that the crew of a weapon or piece of equipment must perform to use the weapon or equipment
Commanders select a particular training exercise or combination of exercises based on what?
Commander select a particular training exercise or combination of exercises based on specific training objectives and on available resources.
How do commanders determine their units' METLs?
Commanders determine their units' METLs based on war and external directives.
What unit is the lowest level to have a METL?
Company
Give some examples of simulators.
Conduct-of-fire trainer (COFT); for examples, M2 BFV and M1 Abrams. Flight simulators. Weaponeer. Simulations networking (SIMNET).
Which FM covers Battle Focused Training?
FM 7-1.
How are FTXs (Field Training Exercise) conducted?
FTXs are conducted under simulated combat conditions in the field.
Are training meetings negotiable at battalion and company level?
No. Training meetings are non-negotiable at battalion and company level.
When are informal AARs usually conducted?
Informal AARs are usually conducted for soldiers and crew, squad, and platoon-level training, or when resources are not available to conduct a formal review.
What does NCODP stand for?
Non commissioned Officer Development Program
What are pre-execution checks?
Pre-execution checks are the informal planning and coordination conducted prior to training execution.
Where may the CPX (Command Post Exercise) be conducted?
The CPX may be conducted in from garrison locations or in between participating headquarters.
NCODP is typically managed by whom?
The CSM Senior NCO in the organization.
As with all leader training and leader development, who is responsible for NCODP?
The command.
How should units train during peacetime?
Units should train in peacetime, as they will fight during war. Peacetime training must replicate battlefield conditions. All training is based on this principle.
What are STXs (Situational Training Exercise)?
STXs are mission-related, limited exercises designed to train one collective task, or a group of related tasks and drills, through practice.
What are two keys to success in combat?
Night training and adverse weather training are keys to success in combat.
What four skills does challenging training build?
1. Builds competence and confidence by developing new skills. 2. Instills loyalty and dedication. 3. Inspires excellence by fostering initiative, enthusiasm, and eagerness to learn. 4. Builds aggressive, well-trained soldiers.
What are the ten principles of training?
1. Commanders are responsible for training 2. NCOs train individuals, crews, and small teams. 3. Train as a combined arms and joint team. 4. Train for combat proficiency Realistic conditions Performance-oriented 5. Train to standard using appropriate doctrine 6. Train to adapt 7. Train to maintain and sustain 8. Train using multi-echelon techniques 9. Train to sustain proficiency 10. Train and develop leaders.
Primarily, there are three methods used to present training. What are they?
1. Demonstration (Most Preferred Method) 2. Conference 3. Lecture (Least Preferred Method)
The CSM and key NCOs review and refine the supporting tasks for two things in each unit. Name those two things.
1. Each skill level in every MOS within the unit 2. CTT
What are the five basic fundamentals that commanders and leaders must use?
1.Move 2.Shoot 3.Communicate 4.Sustain5.Secure.
The unit leader development program consists of what three phases?
1. Reception and integration 2. Basic skills development 3. Advanced development and sustainment.
Name the four elements of TADSS.
1. Training aids 2. Devices 3. Simulators 4. Simulations.
What two things does sustainment training do?
1. Trains on tasks, which build on skills mastered by the soldier, leader, and units. 2. Uses opportunity training to constantly hone proficiency on known tasks.
What is a low density MOS?
A MOS within an organization or unit that is required but applies to a very small amount of soldiers
A leader may use information in the leader book to provide what?
A leader may use information in the leader book to provide input on his unit during daily "huddles" and company training meetings.
What is the battlefield operating systems (BOS)?
A tool that the TF commander may use to organize his battle tasks is the battlefield operating systems (BOS).
What Army Regulation covers NCODP?
AR 350-1 Chap 4
Why aren't AARs critiques?
AARs are not critiques because they do not determine success or failure.
Who do AC commanders brief the QTB to?
AC commanders brief the QTB to the commander's two levels above.
Historically speaking, more casualties occur in combat due to what?
Accidents.
What does AAR stand for and what does it provide?
After Action Review. An AAR provides feedback to units by involving participants in the training diagnostic process in order to increase and reinforce learning. The AAR leader guides participants in identifying deficiencies and seeking solutions.
What is the FCX (Fire Coordination Exercise)?
An exercise that can be conducted at platoon, company/team, or battalion/taskforce level. It exercises command and control skills through the integration of all organic weapon systems, as well as indirect and supporting fires. Weapon densities may be reduced for participating units, and sub-caliber devices substituted for service ammunition.
What begins the training planning process?
Assessment
At battalion level, how does long-range planning start?
At battalion level, long-range planning starts with unit assessment and is the basis for the long- range training calendar.
What does battle focus drive?
Battle focus drives METL development allowing the commander to narrow the scope of his training challenge to make it manageable.
In the military structure, what is the lowest level that has battle tasks?
Battalion
What drives the M.E.T.L. development process?
Battle focus
A successful NCODP will result in NCOs who can what?
Demonstrate the skills of current skill level and duty position per AR 611-21 and DA Pam 600-25. Accept the duties and responsibilities of current rank and duty position per AR 600-20, AR 611-21, and FM 7-22.7. Enhance combat performance for the current and next higher rank and duty position per AR 600-20 and FM 22-100 (being revised as FM 6-22). Enhance combat leadership competencies for the current and next higher rank per FM 22-100 (being revised as FM 6-22). Train themselves and subordinates to be proficient in METL tasks and associated critical tasks per FM 7-0, FM 7-1, and FM 7-22.7. Coach subordinates to be totally committed to U.S. Army professional ethics, Warrior Ethos, and the Soldier's Creed per FM 22-100 (being revised as FM 6-22).
What are some objectives of NCODP?
Develop and strengthen the skills, knowledge, and abilities to train, deploy, and lead soldiers in combat through battle focused training. Develop NCOs who are self-aware, adaptive, competent, and confident. Realize the full potential of the NCO support channel. Foster a unit environment that enhances continued NCO leader development and encourages self-development as part of a lifelong learning process.
Training schedules are developed at what level and approved by whom?
Developed at company level and approved by the battalion commander
What does effective training require?
Effective training requires the personal time, energy, and guidance of commanders.
For non-commissioned officers, who are the key players in the reception and integration phase?
For non-commissioned officers, the CSM and 1SG are key players in the reception and integration phase
When are formal AARs usually conducted?
Formal AARs are normally conducted at company level and above
What does the company commander do after he develops the METL?
He briefs the battalion commander
What is the LCX (Logistical Coordination Exercise)?
LCXs allow leaders to become proficient at conducting unit sustainment operations such as supply, transportation, medical, personnel replacement, maintenance, and graves registration.
What is lane training?
Lane training is a technique for training primarily company team-level and smaller units on a series of selected soldier, leader, and collective tasks using specific terrain
What needs to be identified at the appropriate level to support the accomplishment of the units mission essential tasks?
Leader and soldier tasks must be identified.
What do leaders list in the leader book?
Leaders list in the leader book the common tasks found in the Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks that support the METL.
What do leaders use to assess soldier, leader, and unit proficiency?
Leaders use evaluations and other feedback to assess soldier, leader, and unit proficiency.
In order to accomplish battle-focused NCO development, commanders and unit NCOs should follow what procedures?
Link NCO development to the current skill level and duty assignments Establish a viable unit level NCODP using unit METL as the vehicle to incorporate the following into each NCO's daily activities. Synchronize battle-focused NCODP as a component of operational assignments (experience) with the other two pillars of leader development (institutional training and self-development) Establish a systematic and continuous program Integrate the use of leader books (FM 25-l01, app B) to track individual NCO progress Emphasize coaching to achieve commitment to excellence in performance
What is a Battle Roster?
Listing of individuals, crews, or elements that reflects capabilities, proficiencies of critical tasks, and other information concerning war-fighting capabilities.
What is long-range planning based on?
Long-range planning is based on unit assessment.
What is multi-echelon training?
Multi-echelon training allows simultaneous training and evaluation on any combination of individual and collective tasks at more than one echelon. Multi-echelon training is the most efficient and effective way to train and sustain proficiency on mission essential tasks within limited periods of training time.
What may NCOs use is assessing squad, crew, and soldier proficiency?
NCOs may use a leader book is assessing squad, crew, and soldier proficiency.
What does near-term planning define?
Near-term planning defines specific actions requires to execute the short-range plans. It is the final phase of planning prior to the execution of training.
What is the next step for the battalion commander once the METL is developed?
Once the METL is developed, the battalion commander briefs his next higher wartime commander who approves the METL
What is the number one principle of peacetime training?
Replicate battlefield conditions
What is risk assessment?
Risk assessment is the thought process of making operations safer without compromising the mission.
What are simulations?
Simulations provide leaders effective training alternatives when maneuver and gunnery training opportunities are limited.
What are simulators?
Simulators are a special category of training devices that replicate all or most of a systems functions.
Why must the entire METL development process be understood by NCOs?
So that NCOs can integrate soldier tasks
What must soldiers, leaders, and units be proficient in to perform their missions under battlefield conditions?
Soldiers, leaders, and units must be proficient in the basic skills required to perform their missions under battlefield conditions.
Why is it particularly important to train and monitor low-density MOS soldiers?
Sometimes their hours are different and they get lost in the shuffle and therefore remain untrained if not monitored and included in training
What is a TEWT and where is it conducted?
Tactical Exercise Without Troops. The TEWT is conducted on actual terrain with unit leaders and staffs, without soldiers. A TEWT allows the battalion TF or company commander to train his staff and subordinate leaders.
What are post operation checks?
Tasks a unit accomplishes at the conclusion of training.
What is the AAR?
The AAR is a structured review process that allows training participants to discover for themselves what happened, why it happened, and how it can be done better.
Where does the CFX (Command Field Exercise) lay?
The CFX lies on a scale between the CPX and the FTX.
What does the MAPEX portray?
The MAPEX portrays military situations on maps and overlays.
What does the advanced development and sustainment phase involve?
The advanced development and sustainment phase involves sustaining those tasks already mastered and developing proficiency in new tasks.
What begins the training planning process?
The assessment begins the training planning process.
What does the basic skills development phase ensure?
The basic skills development phase ensures that the new leader attains a minimum acceptable level of proficiency in the critical tasks necessary to perform his mission.
What does the battle staff consist of?
The battle staff consists of the battalion staff and battalion slice (CS and CSS elements that are tasked-organized).
What does the combat training center program provide?
The combat training center program provides the most realistic environment available for corps and subordinate units during peacetime.
The evaluation of collective training is critical to assessing what?
The evaluation of collective training is critical to assessing a unit's capability to perform its METL tasks.
When does the greatest combat power result?
The greatest combat power results when leaders synchronize combat support (CS) and combat service support (CSS) systems to compliment and reinforce one another.
What is training strategy?
The method used to attain desired levels of training proficiency on METL
What do principles of training provide?
The principles provide direction, but are sufficiently flexible to accommodate local conditions and the judgment of commanders and other leaders
What is band of excellence?
The range of proficiency within which a unit is capable of executing its wartime METL tasks
What is the Army training standard?
The standard for the Army is to train and maintain to the published standards in Technical Manuals (TMs) -10 and -20.
Once soldiers and units have trained to the standard, how do they maintain proficiency?
They maintain proficiency through sustainment training.
How can commanders insure that training is effective?
They must personally observe and assess training at all echelons
What is the purpose of AR 350-1?
This regulation prescribes policies, procedures, and responsibilities for developing, managing, and conducting Army training and leader development.
What is the most difficult task for an AAR leader?
To avoid turning the discussion into a criteria or lecture
What are training aids?
Training aids are items that assist in the conduct of training and the process of learning.
What are training devices?
Training devices are three-dimensional objects that improve training.
What type of training excites and motivates soldiers and leaders?
Training that is tough, realistic, and mentally and physically challenging.
Give some examples of training aids.
Visual modification (VISMOD) sets; for example, BRDM-2 mock-up. Graphic training aids (GTAs); for example- GTA 10-2-2, Fuel System Supply Point GTA 6-5-2, Fire Direction Kit GTA 3-6-3, NBC Warning and Reporting System Models; for example, inert munitions. Displays; for example, 35-millimeter slides on training topics. Books; for example, documentation on training aids. Pictures to support briefings and presentations. Magnetic media; for example, training films.
When used properly, simulations can create what?
When used properly, simulations can create the environment and stress of battle needed for effective command and battle staff training.
When selecting exercises, commanders must consider what key questions?
Who will be trained (soldiers, leaders, teams, or units)? What are the training objectives? Which, if any, of the training exercises are most suitable to accomplish each objective? What are the available resources (time, training areas, equipment, money)? Which of the training exercises or combination will help meets the training objectives within the available training resources?
Do soldiers have a legal responsibility to attend scheduled training?
Yes
Should all maintenance be on the unit's training schedule?
Yes
What is the goal of NCODP?
overarching Army Non commissioned Officer Professional Development Program.