ART 100 Final Exam
humanism
A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements
Style
A basic and distinctive mode of expression.
Dorothea Lange
A famous photographer who wanted to be one at a young age, and, when the Depression started, landed a job to photograph the Dust Bowl, which have been recognized as showing the desperation and bravery during this time. She didn't stop documenting the suffering of people until her 1965 death, but her 1930s pictures are the most well-known.
fixed arch
A fixed frame structure having an arched form.
drawing pencils
A graphite pencil that comes in a variety of hardness, in order from hard to soft (light to dark) 5H, 4H, 2H, HB, 2B, 3B, 5B, 6B
one point perspective
A method of realistic drawing in which the part of an object closest to the viewer is a planar face, and all the lines describing sides perpendicular to that face can be extended back to converge at one point, the vanishing point
variety
A number of different kinds; assortment
Monotypes
A printmaking process in which only one impression results
two point perspective
A realistic way of drawing objects in three dimensions using a horizon line, a key edge, and two vanishing points.
Mandala
A religious symbol associated with meditation, usually created with geometric patterns and shapes
Rhythm
A strong, regular, repeated pattern of movement or sound.
Assemblage
A three-dimensional composition in which a collection of objects is unified in a sculptural work.
three-hinged arch
A three-hinged frame structure having an arched form.
two-hinged arch
A two-hinged frame structure having an arched form.
B
According to the host of the video, Simon Schama, Bernini's most significant sculpture was: Select one: a. David b. The Ecstasy of St. Theresa c. Apollo and Daphne d. Bust of Louis VIV
Assemblage Art
An art form in which the artist mixes and/or assembles "found objects," such as scraps of paper, cloth, or junk, into a three-dimensional work and then adds paint or other decorations to it.
true
Artemisia Gentileschi painted Judith and Holofernes multiple times.
apollo and daphne
Artist: Bernini Era: Aristocratic Baroque Subject: Apollo struck with Cupids love arrow and Daphne struck with hate arrow, Daphne's father turns her into a tree to rescue her from Apollo's advances Characteristics: hair and hands turning to branches, legs becoming tree trunks, toes becoming roots, emotion and movement Significance: considered Bernini's masterpiece, mythology popular subject
C
Because of Bernini's love and loss for his mistress, Costanza, he: Select one: a. fled to Florence in despair b. killed her husband c. had her face cut and almost killed his own brother d. lost his attraction to art
C
Bernini managed to make marble: Select one: a. more manageable b. an acceptable medium c. look real: carnal and flesh-like d. look more Classical and divine
16
Bernini was _____ when he sculpted his depiction of St. Lawrence being burned alive.
true
Bernini was a prodigy; he was tapped by the Pope as the next Michelangelo.
false
Bernini was an alcoholic who was unable to control his addictions.
true
Bernini was an alcoholic who was unable to control his addictions.
Rome
Bernini was primarily active in:
Borromini
Bernini's major rival was:
false
Caravaggio always did a series of practice drawings before he embarked on a painting.
true
Caravaggio often depicted himself in his work as the sinner rather than the saint.
false
Caravaggio painted his subjects as perfect and God- like; without flaw.
D
Caravaggio related most with: Select one: a. Priests and monks b. Popes and cardinals c. Other painters d. Everyday street people
Rome
Caravaggio was primarily active this city:
D
Caravaggio's paintings were revolutionary because: (Please choose all that apply, there is more than one answer) Select one or more: a. His use of religious themes b. His attention to detail c. His use of everyday people as models d. His use of dramatic lights and darks to create a stage like appearance
true
Caravaggio's temperament can best be described as passionate, volatile and unpredictable.
horizontal lines
Carry eye left and right; convey a feeling of calm or peacefulness
psychology of color
Color evokes understanding and emotion based upon learned, cultural, and human perceptions
atmospheric perspective
Creating the illusion of depth of space by fading colors and eliminating detail in objects that are further away.
Las Meninas
Diego Velazquez
chip carving
Early primitive carved decoration of Northern European oak furniture, executed with a chisel and gouge, until about the 16th century.
radial balance
Everything radiates outward from a central point
Fallingwater
Frank Lloyd Wright, 1936
true
Gentileschi used dramatic tenebrism in her paintings.
false
Gentileschi's Judith and Holofernes seems somewhat inspired by Caravaggio, yet her Judith seems less powerful.
D
In his spare time, Caravaggio could be found in: Select one: a. A church praying b. Working on sculpture c. Traveling to spread the message of Christianity d. In one of the rougher taverns in town
texture in art
In the visual arts, it is the perceived surface quality of a work of art. It is an element of two-dimensional and three-dimensional design and is distinguished by its perceived visual and physical properties. Use of texture, along with other elements of design, can convey a variety of messages and emotions.
Iconographic Analysis
Interprets objects and figures in the artwork as signs or symbols, often based on religious or historical contexts that would have been understood at the time when it was made.
B
Judith murdered Holofernes: Select one: a. because she could not seduce him b. to save her city c. to keep him away from her sister d. because he had cheated on
The Assyrians
Judith spared her city from:
true
Judith was viewed and depicted as an allegory by many other historic artists.
pigment
Light-absorbing molecule
curved lines
Lines moving in a circular or semi-circular direction; used to soften a design.
diagonal lines
Lines positioned between horizontal and vertical lines. They are often used to emphasize or minimize facial features.
vertical lines
Lines that are straight up and down; create length and height in hair design.
Artemisia Gold
One color she used in her paintings is now known as: Select one:
Detroit
One of Gentileshi's Judith paintings is located in this American city:
Caravaggio
One of the most famous images of Judith and Holofernes painted during the Baroque period was by:
false
Picasso lacked self-confidence in his early career.
Paris
Picasso lived and practiced art in this European city in the 1920's:
true
Picasso often used the image of a bull in his work.
true
Picasso revolted against themes of beauty and resemblances in art.
false
Picasso was a faithful husband who remained married to the same woman his entire life.
true
Picasso was at one point sympathetic to the Communist party.
false
Picasso was interested in pleasing his critics as well as the public.
Cubism
Picasso was one of the creators of:
Sally Mann
Pictures of her children, often nude, much debated uses primarly black and white referenced in text
School of Athens
Raphael, 1510
bas-relief
Sculpture whose ornament or figures are somewhat raised above the background
emphasis
Special importance, value, or prominence given to something.
Rome
The Ecstasy of St. Theresa is located in:
true
The book of Judith was once included in the Bible.
focal point
The center of interest on a page or set of facing pages, created by using color, contrast and proportion.
Installation Art
The combining of elements into a singular artwork that is specifically located in one place; an artwork that exists only in the place in which it was/is installed, and is not able to be relocated like a painting or print.
Texture
The feel, appearance, or consistency of a surface, substance, or fabric.
value
The lightness or darkness of a color
foreground
The panel closest to the viewer
bone carving
The process of carving a bone into an object or adding decorative elements to a bone
Foreshortening
The use of perspective to represent in art the apparent visual contraction of an object that extends back in space at an angle to the perpendicular plane of sight.
Dali
This Spanish artist created paintings that were considered to be premonitions of the Spanish Civil War.
Guernica
This painting by Picasso is considered to be one of the most powerful anti-war paintings in history
contextual analysis
Trying to identify unknown words by the sense of the sentence, search for the meaning of an unknown word through an examination of its context.
symmetrical balance
Two halves of a style; form a mirror image of one another.
C
Who did Caravaggio use as a model for the Virgin Mary? Select one: a. A Medici woman from Florence b. A bar maid at his favorite bar c. A drowned prostitute from the morgue d. A local girl from a brothel
Cardinal
Who noticed Caravaggio's talent and helped make him famous?
high relief
a carved panel where the figures project with a great deal of depth from the background
camera obscura
a darkened enclosure in which images of outside objects are projected through a small aperture or lens onto a facing surface
registration art
a horizontal level in a work that consists of several levels arranged one above the other, especially where the levels are clearly separated by lines
paint
a liquid that dries to form a thin colored layer
still life
a picture depicting an arrangement of inanimate objects
Photomontage
a picture made of a combination of photographs
golden selection
a preferred ratio of objects, equal to 1.62 to 1.00
implied lines
a series of points that the viewer's eyes automatically connect (an illusion)
charcoal
a stick of black carbon material used for drawing
actual texture
a surface that can be experienced through the sense of touch
Performance Art
a work involving the human body, usually including the artist, in front of an audience
Kollowitz's
ability to communicate visceral aspects of her inner life through her outward appearance, leaving the viewer with a vivid impression of her state of mind.
How Artist Create Rhythm
achieved through repetition of lines, shapes, colors, and more.
additive
adding more color leads to white
Contrapposto
an asymmetrical arrangement of the human figure in which the line of the arms and shoulders contrasts with while balancing those of the hips and legs.
lines (art)
an identifiable path created by a point moving in space. It is one-dimensional and can vary in width, direction, and length.
aperture
an opening
secondary source in art analysis
anything that describes, interprets, evaluates, or analyzes information from primary sources(books)
kinetic art
art that moves
Baroque art
art that originated in Rome and is associated with the Catholic Reformation, characterized by emotional intensity, strong self-confidence, spirit
Judith Decapitating Holofernes
artist: Artemisia Gentileschi
The Bedroom
artist: Van Gogh
starlight
artist: agnes martin uses broad emphasis to draw attention to this part of the work: composition as a whole
collage
artistic composition of materials pasted over a surface; an assemblage of diverse elements
Suboridination
as minimizing or toning down other compositional elements in order to bring attention to the focal point.
The Taj Mahal
beautiful mausoleum at Agra built by the Mogul emperor Shah Jahan (completed in 1649) in memory of his favorite wife
monoprints
can be made using any print process
ice carving
carved in ice
sanguine
cheerful; optimistic
gestalt unity
complete order and indivisible unity of all aspects of an artwork's design
Different colors express
emotions
abstract
existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence.
different types of shapes
geometric organic implied
photography
had to fight hard battle to be known as high form of art considered art form in 1940
Brunelleschi
invented linear perspective
Importance of Steel
is an attractive building material. It resists mold and mildew, a plague that sometimes afflicts wood frame buildings. Steel is sturdy enough that it resists the damage caused by natural disasters, such as tornadoes, hurricanes, and earthquakes.
zigzag lines
lines made from a combination of diagonal lines
contour lines
lines that connect points of equal elevation (can suggest volume)
bas relief
low-relief sculpture
subtractive
more of pigment mixture being subtracted
different types of patterns
motif
wood carving
n. the process of cutting into the surface of wood to create a decorative shape or pattern khắc lên gỗ
compositional unity
organizing all the visual aspects of a work
Impasto
painting that applies the pigment thickly so that brush or palette knife marks are visible
Frescos
paintings done on wet plaster walls
life drawing
practice of drawing from a live model
geometric shapes
precise shapes that can be described using mathematical formulas
Renaissance
rebirth
low relief
sculptural relief that projects very little from the background; also called bas-relief
implied shapes
shapes created by our eyes and mind; the shapes are created by visual cues
organic shapes
shapes found in nature
subversive texture
texture chosen or created by the artist to subvert or undermine our ideas about the objects they depict.
Mass
the amount of matter in an object
Conceptual Unity
the cohesive expression of ideas within a work of art
Dorothea Lange, Migrant Mother
the great depression
Stylistic Analysis
the process of analyzing the characteristic way in which an artist or group of artists use visual language to give a work an identifiable form of visual expression
Scale
the size relationship between an object and the human body is significant. In experiencing the scale of an artwork we tend to compare its size to the size of our own bodies.
Chiaroscuro
the treatment of light and shade in drawing and painting
asymmetrical balance
the type of balance when both sides of the central axis are not identical, yet appear to have the same visual weight
photography
the use of light to record an image using a camera
Formal Analysis
the visual analysis of artistic form
Similarities in Gothic Churches and Roman Churches
they both rely heavily on the column for vertical emphasis, and repetition of units to achieve a perfected form.
stone carving
to be carved or set in stone
Leonardo
used molten wax to define the anatomical cerebral ventricles, and made a model glass aorta to study the flow of blood across the aortic valve, using water containing grass seeds to observe patterns of flow.
Pattern
when events reoccur