ART 329 Midterm Soren

Romanticism

(1750-1900) Revival of earlier styles: middle ages, Romanesque, gothic and styles during ancient Greece and Rome; taste for exotic & ancient: love of middle ages, Romanesque & Gothic mixed up together & love of ancient Greece & Rome; Bougerrou Reaction to Rococo (less frilly and elaborate on designs)

William Henry Fox-Talbot

(1800-1877) English photographer and optician. Inventor of the negative film. & chemist, soaks paper in salt & silver nitrate, creates "positive"? image. Daguerre steals his inventions too.

Gustave Courbet

(1819-1877) Realistic art, Man of the people, anti-church bureaucracy, heroism of common man; Painter of The Stonebreakers, The Interior of my Studio (religious art in dark, naked lady in light) Man of the people, was anti church. Political activist, wanted to tax rich not poor.

Manet

(1832-1883) French Realism painter. Impressionism, reacts to photography, optical sensation of light and color; Dejeuner Sur L'Herbe 1863: shocking! Not idealistic: ambiguous size and depth. Painted Olympia-1865.

Vera-Ellen

(1921-1981) She was a movie actress and dancer. She was the dancing partner of Danny Kaye in "Wonderman". The film made her a hit with the public but the studio never saw her as the leading lady. She received more fan mail than the leading ladies. Her dancing style rivaled Fred Astaire, combined multiple dance styles into single routines.

Characteristics of Romanesque style

11th and 12th centuries- Western Europe Big enough for influx of pilgrims Structurally sound and illuminated Latin-cross shapes ambulatory, stone barrel vaults, transverse ribs, cluster iers, bays- thick walls, dark Relief sculptures at entrance

F.W. Murnau

12/28/1889 - Westphalia German director of the 1920s ~ fantasy Dad: textile industrialist; mother: swedish Jew -Wealthy living -> broke Had a good education, worked for Reinhardt and developed as a theater director -> film director UFA with little technical ability Eye for visual imagery

Reims Cathedral Sculptures

13th century- Reims, France more naturalistic figures turn to face each other early example of mmonumental christian art with relationship between drapery and the human form Annunciation scene & Visitation scene west facade

Arnolfini Wedding

1434- western europe jan van eyck early renaissance couple in a bedroom- but sacred because barefoot potential fertility- fruit and saint margaret Dog- fidelity and erotic assoc.

Mona Lisa

1503-5 Da Vinci sfumato Francesco del Giocondo "the smiling one" atmospheric perspective synthesis of nature, architecture, human form. geometry and character

Francesco Borromini

1599-1667 - italian architect Bernini's rival in Rome San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane undulating walls baroque

Medici Family and the Imp. of Early Renaissance Florence

15th century- Florence Dominant banking family leading supporters of humanism wanted to reconcile Christianity with Platonic philosophy Pursuit of humanism and revival of Classical texts translations of plato and others

San Carlo Church in Rome

1638-41 Borromini- Baroque Four fountains in each corner three bays undulating walls Above door is a statue of San Carlos pointed gable dome that appears higher than actually is- illusion

Rococo

1700-1775 Rock and shell Expression of wit and volity Shows aristocracy World of fantasy and grace Chinoserie w/ chinese influence

Jean-Honore Fragonard

1732-1806 The swing 1766 light/delicate, pale women's clothing, cluttered look, putti or cherab figures, love themes, playful, contrast with baroque Stature of Harpocrates - Egypt Hieroglyph for child, personifies newborn sun each day as if baby Date: 18th Century Artist: Jean-Honore Fragonard Culture: French Style: Rococo Fact 1: Lots of light and nature are used Fact 2: The picture was sort of risqué

Van Gogh

1853-90 Greatest Dutch office Realism, moved to Paris - met impressionists and color palette expanded Bedroom at Arles (1888) - moved to South France, isolation and tension, made by the color The Starry Night (1889) - genius for intense, expressive color; landscape -impressionist passion Influence on German cinema Exploitation of color to show emotion In Night Cafe (1888), exaggerated and forced colors to achieve emotional feeling Layout a groundwork for expressionism

Munch

1863-1944 Influence on German cinema Influenced by Van Gogh Dad scared him with the fear of the devil Paintings - depict primitive forces that exist within all of us (The Scream 1893) Abandons naturalism for feeling emotion Went to Paris in 1889 and met w/ impressionism and post-impressionism Mental aguish and suffering Pictures show symbolism and show mind, emotions, and ideas, not physical reality The Scream (1893) - own sense of disintegration, bright colors intensify sunset, shows anguish

Walter Gropius

1883 - 1969 Leader of the German Craft Association First director of Bauhaus Wanted to set an institution that integrated arts and industry Wanted the new institutions w/ courses in design, architecture, and industry Muthesius successor and protoge Son of an architect and studied in Munich Worked w/ LeCorbusier - Guiding spirit of Bauhaus Favored mass produced housing - low cost units and combinations of several forms Cubic units or cells, transparent, to show a classless society

Enlightenment

18th Century Philosophical ideas -> political movements "I think, therefore I am" - Rene Descartes Cogito, ergo sum Empiricism: all knowledge of matters of fact derives from experience Scientific method

Die Brucke

1905 - 1913 4 German architecture students formed a group called Die Brucke (The Bridge) Wanted to create a bridge or leak between their art and modern revolutionary ideas The idea of "bridging" came from Frederick Nietzche - civilized society continually wavers between progress and decline Forming link between nature and emotion Comprises expressionism

Weimar Republic

1918 - socialists, communists, and democrats fought for the rule The Weimar Republic - Democratic constitution Everyone had a vote in an effort to make a parliamentary government, but problems weren't solved Could not curb inflation, violence, rebellion, strikes, sex offenses, bureaucratic war hawks

Polykleitos

440 BC- Argos- now in Naples Embodiment of Classical style Spear Bearer Rib cage and veins Original sculpture in bronze Dome shaped head- Hair lies flat

Kritios Boy

480 BC- Athens Contrapposto- head turn, shift in weight Marks change from archaic to Early Classical Not smiling Neutral expression Dome shaped head- hair stylization decreased

Pericles

500-429 BC Athens Greek General and statesman Initiated architectural projects for the Acropolis Justified war money on art and architecture Provided employment

Artemisia Gentilleschi

Date: 1593-1656 Artist: Female Culture: Italian Style: Baroque Fact 1: Many of her paintings were of woman suffering Fact 2: Progressive and expressionis Caravaggio follower Daughter of painter Orazio Painting: Judith slaying Holofernes (1614-1620) Holofernes: Assyrian general 6th century BCE Agostino Tassi - sexual harrassment, put on trial for telling the truth - tortured

Conversion of St. Paul

Date: 1601 Artist: Caravaggio Culture: Tenebrism Style: Chiaroscuro Fact 1: Forced Perspective, Contrast of light and dark Fact 2: Religious energy and drama

Rembrandt van Rijn

Date: 1606-1669 Artist: Male Culture: Dutch Style: Baroque Fact 1: Return of the Prodigal Son 1665 Fact 2: Influence on cinema

Return of the Prodigal Son

Date: 1665 Artist: Rembrandt Culture: Dutch Style: Dutch Baroque Fact 1: Used the psychology of light Fact 2: Used Caravaggio models

Joseph Nicephore Niepce

Date: 1776-1833 Artist: Male Culture: French Style: Photography Fact 1: Took the first photograph in 1826 Fact 2:

Louis Daguerre

Date: 1787-1851 Artist: Male Culture: French Style: Inventor Fact 1: Stole Niepce's claim to fame Fact 2: Dagguerrrotype (photograph)

Robert Houdin

Date: 1805-1871 Artist: Male Culture: French Style: Academic Art Fact 1: Famous Magician Fact 2: Influenced Houdini

George Melies

Date: 1861-1938 Artist: Male Culture: French Style: Magician and Filmmaker Fact 1: Created the first narrative film Fact 2: A trip to the moon

Lumieres Family

Date: 1862 & 1864 Artist: Male Culture: French Style: Filmmakers Fact 1: Associated with Realism Fact 2: First to screen movies in a theater

Max Reinhardt

Date: 1873-1943 Artist: German Director Culture: German Style: Director Fact 1: Master of stage imagery Fact 2: Embraced Anti Realism Head of German theater from 1907-1919 Filmed: Conrad Veidt, Werner Krauss The Kammerspiel was designed to acommodate 300 viewers Admired Munch's work - did a mural for Kammerspiel, and sets for a play (Ghosts) Admired the sets' exuded atmosphere

Cabinet of Dr. Caligari

Date: 1919 Artist: Robert Weine (director) Style: German Culture: Expressionist Fact 1: Began the German Expressionist Movement Fact 2: Based on the social views about WWI

Metropolis

Date: 1927 Artist: Director Fritz Lang Culture: German Style: Expressionist Fact 1: Depiction of Dystopia Fact 2: SciFi and full length movie

Jan van Eyck

Early 15th century- painter in north Christian symbolism Ghent Altarpiece in Saint Bavon Refined oil painting technique Man in Red Turban and Arnolifini Portrait

Hermann Muthesius

Early defender of typisiersung (standardization) Sent to London by Prussian board of trade to study British architecture - 1896 Controlled who got appointed to art schools Standardizing with steel, iron, concrete, & ture

Baroque Art

End of 16th to 1750 Pejorative term - irregular and imperfect, convoluted medieval style of academic logic relatively unrestrained, overtly emotional and more energetic- chiaroscuro Study of Nature- naturalism St Peters

Ottonian

End of 9th century Germany and northern italy St. Michael's at Hildesheim

Saint-Sernin

Date: 1070-1120 Artist: Style: Romanesque Culture: French (Toulouse) Fact 1: Scary, Dark, cross shaped, no windows Fact 2: Transept, narthex (keep out unpure people)

Notre Dame

Date: 1163-1250 AD Artist: Culture: French Gothic Style: Gothic Fact 1: Pointed Arches, Flying Buttresses, Amiens Fact 2: Gargoyles, inspired a book

Colosseum

72-80 Rome Built for public spectacles Arcades (outside) with 3 stories of round arches

Chronology of Ancient Rome

753 BC Romulus and Remus- First King Etruscan 509 BC Roman Republic 27 BC Early Roman Empire 96-192 High Empire 193-337 Late Empire then Constantine was 1st Christian Emperor Roman sculptors followers of Greeks Roman- blend of Etruscans and Greeks- used a lot of concrete- arch, vault and dome--> developed basilica and amphitheater

Mannerism

After death of Raphael in 1520 ambiguous human body- elongated, exaggerated, elegant crowded and provocative positions

Counter Reformation

Against reformation- eliminate internal corruption Council of Trent style was attacked for exaggerated taste

Bauhaus

Artist: Walter Groupius Year: 1919 A college of Fine Arts in Weiner, Germany made in the international style Germany's school of design avant garde of a futuristic egalitarian world We'll prepare the way for a future architect who will make gardens out of deserts and let miracles rise to the sky

Antoine Watteau

Attoine Watteau (1684-1721) Rococo Painter Most of Pro life in France Like voluptuous nudes Fetes galantes - festive gatherings for elegant aristocrats Pilgrimage to Cythera - amorous couples

Catacombs in Rome

Before 6th century Christ as the Good Shepard- catacomb of Priscilla Early Christian Art

John Nash

Brighton 1815-1818 Designs for Prince Regent (King George IV)- Islamic minarets, dome, cast iron frame, interiors by Frederic Grace & Robert Jones echo Britain in 19th c, inside: Chinese Islamic Resort designed in Indian gothic style for King George

Early Christianity

Constantine Divergence of East and West Sarcophagi- Church of S. Maria Antiqua Basilicas- St. Peters

Le Corbusier

German architect Designing house which were perfectly suited to the occupant Savoye house (1929) looks like a box floating on sticks - machine structure, non-traditional, custom designed Influenced in Germany's school of design, the bahaus

Fritz Lang

Gothic director influenced by Caligari The Gothic was the hope for the spiritual brotherhood of man, freeing man from base desires and flfilling his primitive yearning for the logos Fantasy film: Metropolis (1926) - lots of criticism Criticized by Kracauer and Lang wasn't fond of him - saying his books were false and idiotic

Michelangelo

Late 15th and 16th century -Architect painter and writer and sculptor talent recognized by Medici at 16 Pieta 1498-1500 in St. Peter's- pyramid David 1501-1504 contrapposto Sistine Chapel in the vatican

High Renaissance

Late 15th and early 16th century- Italy "high" reflects esteem of the period tension and turbulence Da Vinci, Bramante, Michelangelo, Raphael Giorgione and Titan

Caravaggio

Late 16th-early 17th Baroque Painter went to rome in 1590- violent propensity painted directly on canvas homoerotic nature Boy with a basket of fruit Calling of St Matthew 1599

Characteristics Gothic Period and Style

Mid 12th century-16th century Western Europe "Pre-Reinaissance" Style- coined by italians Credit for invention is Abbot Suger Rib Vaults, piers, flying buttresses, pointed arches Stained glass windows

Parthenon

Mid 5th century (447-438) BC Athens Temple to Athena Expresses Classical balance, proportion and unity Straight lines actually curve upward Narrative content proclaims greatness of Classical Athens Steps of the Doric Order

Saint Michael's Church at Hildesheim

Ottonian Period- End of 9th Century Commissioned by Bernward- bishop bronze doors at entrance - 1st large scale works cast in one piece Old Testament and New Testament scenes High relief

Raphael

Painter and architect 8 Years after Michelangelo's birth- but died before Hired scholars to translate greek and roman texts Madonna of the Meadow 1505- no sfumato calm harmonious and restrained style Julius II- 1511-12 School of Athens

Madonna in the Meadow

Raphael- 1505 High Renaissance Style Pyramid form landscape lacks sfumato calm harmonious and restrained Christ in her embrace

Acropolis

Second half 5th century BC "High City" Supports temples, precincts and other buildings Classical Period Age of Perikles- Greek general who initiated projects Financing came from the Delian League

Hans Poelzig

Set designer/architect Designed Grosses Schauspielhaus in Berlin for Max Reinhardt in 1919 Converted market hall to expressionisitic playhouse Poelzig - Romantic expressionist, designed to surround the audience with magic Enjoyed taking a basic theme and repeating it

Parts of Greek Temple

Temple plan derived from megaron But embellisehd with exterior colonnade God's cult statue in main room looks east Outdoor altar

Abbot Suger & Saint Denis

end 11th century- 12th century France Educated in the monastery school of Saint Denis-Wanted to rebuild and enlarge church Mathematical ratios- liked this from "his" teachings new narthex, twin towers and three portals inventor of Gothic Style

Chartres Cathedral

end 12th- early 13th century- Chartres, France Best preserved early Gothic Architecture with High Gothic clergy gave up 3 years stipend to help rebuild it 1194- fire, most intensive work after this nobility would pay for certain sections of it repetition of triple elements- holy trinity Tympanum: second coming of christ

Gianlorenzo Bernini

end of 16th to 1680- baroque architect St Peters interior decoration- official architect High altar above st peters tomb- 4 twisted columns Piazza San Pietro- impressive entrance 1656 Obelisk imported from Egypt during Roman Empire David sculpture 1623 Ecstasy of St Teresa

Filippo Brunelleschi

late 14th mid 15th century- sculptor and architect Lost contest for baptistery doors Dome of Florence Cathedral died before lantern was completed Used ribs in dome- Parthenon technique would not work Ongoing rivalry with Ghiberti

Leonardo Da Vinci

mid 15th-early 16th century painter, sculptor and architect, writer Vitruvian Man Scientific drawings- fetus Last Supper 1495-98 Mona Lisa sfumato