ART 3&4
What are three principles that control the visual weight and balance of form?
-A large form is heavier, more attention-getting than a small form-A form gathers more visual weight as it nears the edge of a picture.-A complex form is heavier than a simple form.
What three principles that control the visual weight of color can overturn those which control the visual balance of form
-Warm colors are visually heavier than cool colors, because warm colors advance toward the viewer, while cool colors recede.-Intense colors are visually heavier than weak or pale colors.-The intensity, and therefore the weight of a color increases as the background color approaches its complementary hue.
What are the three basic variables that are used to identify colors? Briefly explain each.
1. Hue 2. Value 3. Intensity
What are the three basic color groups? Name an example of a color from each.
1. Monochromatic 2. Analogous 3. Complementary
Regardless of the "rules" and "principles" of design, what do artists rely upon in order to arrive at a dynamic balance?
A work of art is balanced when it feels balanced is characterized by the movement of the eye that flows smoothly from one area of the composition to another, guided by continuations of line or form, and by gradations of color or form.
What type of colors are white, black and gray? Briefly Explain
Achromatic, or neutral
In additive color mixtures, what do you get when you combine the three light primaries redorange, green, and blue violet?
Additive color mixtures
In what three ways is depth created with atmospheric or aerial perspective? Briefly explain each.
Aerial perspective, also called atmospheric perspective , method of creating the illusion of depth, or recession, in a painting or drawing by modulating colour to simulate changes effected by the atmosphere on the colours of things seen at a distance. Is a nonlinear meant for giving an illusion of depth. In atmospheric perspective, the illusion of depth is created by changing color and detail. In visual experience of the real world, as the distance increases between the viewer and faraway objects such as mountains, the increased quantity of air, moisture, and dust causes the distant objects to appear increasingly blue and less distinct. Color intensity is diminished, and contrast between light and dark is reduced.
Complementary color schemes emphasize opposite hues. What are analogous color schemes?
Analogous colors are any three colors which are side by side on a 12-part color wheel, such as yellow-green, yellow, and yellow-orange. Complementary colors are any two colors which are directly opposite each other, such as red and green and red-purple and yellow-green.
What is another name for the achievement of equilibrium in a visual composition?
Balance
In Still Life with Apples (1890), how does Cezanne create an absorbing and unstable visual experience?
Cezanne also flattened the overall space by placing patches of parallel brushstrokes in both background and tabletop; this encourages us to read both spaces as "surface." Finally, the space behind the table top is unclear; it could be a fraction of an inch deep, or several feet. These suggestions and denials of space create an absorbing and unstable visual experience, a set of subtle optical illusions.
Briefly explain how Michelangelo altered proportion to create a serene composition in his famous Pieta (1501).
Change in proportion can make a major difference in how we experience a given subject He altered the size of the heads to be the same and enlarged marys body Making her lap much larger and showing a solid place in Christs limp
What is Contrast? Name three examples.
Contrast often means "opposite" is the juxtaposition of stronglydissimilar elements such as dark againstlight, large against small, bright colorsagainst dull
What type of motion is exemplified by the following two artworks from the text?
Dancing Krishna (c. 1300):portrays the Hindu god as a playful child who just stole his mother's butter supply and now dances with glee. Untitled (1972):, in which she installed light boards on the inner edge of the spiral ramp in the Guggenheim Museum in New York.
How do artists create "paths" for the eye to follow in a composition?
Directional forces
How do artists keep us from being distracted from areas of emphasis? What is the term for this?
Draw our attention to an area. Specific point is called focal point. Through Subordination and artist creates neutral areas of lesser interest that keep us from being distracted from the areas of emphasis.
What is the name of the position in the linear perspective system from which the entire picture is constructed?
Fixed position
Artists use Emphasis to draw our attention to a specific area of a composition. What is the name for that area?
Focal point
In the Linear Perspective system, what is "eye level"? Briefly explain.
Horizon line/eye level refer to a physical/visual boundary where sky separates from land or water. ... It is also a reference line, in linear perspective, that extends parallel (left or right) on the format.
What is the meaning of the term "design" or "composition"?
In art refer to the planning and/or arrangement of form and/or color, in two- or three-dimensional work. Design/composition is one of the "formal" elements used in art, along with space, color, value (lights and darks), and other elements.
What is meant by the term format?
Is traditionally used to describe the shape or proportions of the support, for example, the canvas, of a painting, or other essentially flat work of art such as a relief.
What is tenebrism?
Is used to describe a certain type of painting in which significant details such as faces and hands are illuminated by highlights which are contrasted with a predominantly dark setting.
. Briefly explain the meaning of the idea that line is a "mental concept."
Linear forms in which length dominated width; a pure line is one dimensional, does not exist in nature, mental concept; in art and nature we can consider lines as paths of action - records of the energy left by moving points
What Italian Renaissance technique is used to create the illusion that objects depicted on a flat surface are three-dimensional?
Linear perspective
What is the name for the color that appears to our eyes as the actual color of an object?
Local color
Name three basic color schemes?
Monochromatic Analogous Complementary
In what ways can the impression of time be manipulated in film and television?
Moving forward in time Reading frames from left to right like a comic book The impression of time need not to be linear but can be manipulated
What are background areas of a composition commonly referred to as?
Negative shapes.
What does the repetition of visual elements contribute to a composition?
One can almost hear the music from his piece
What type of color mixture do artists use when dots of pure hues are placed together so that they blend in the eye and mind?
Optical color mixtures
List three ways of creating implied depth in a composition.
Overlapping. Location & Placement. Scale & Proportion. Surface Detail. Linear Perspective. Atmospheric Perspective.
What is the fundamental difference between the visual arts and music?
Performing arts is a form of art where artists use their voices, and bodies to convey a message or artistic expression. It is different from visual arts, in which an artist use paint, canvas and various materials to create art objects. Visual Arts gives a way to express feeling, emotion, opinion, or taste through visual means, for instance, photography, painting, sculpting and drawing.
What type of color mixtures are produced when pigments of different hues are mixed together?
Subtractive color mixtures
What type of texture is evident in Meret Oppenheim's Object (Breakfast in Fur)?
Subversive Texture
How do implied lines serve as an underlying organizational structure in a work of art?
Suggest visual connection; line can indicate direction, define boundaries, imply volumes, suggest motion or emotion, etc.
What causes the effect of color on our eyes?
The effect of light waves w/ diff. wavelengths or frequencies
How do artists avoid the boredom of too much sameness in a composition? Briefly explain.
The sameness of too much unity can be boring and uncontrolled variety can be chaotic.Balance between unity and variety must be achieved to yield interesting compositions.
What two aspects of 3-D form are represented in the following two sculptures?
The visual element in both of these paintings compare and contrast between mass. In "The Horse", the sculpture used closed form because of the thick, close together legs. The position of the legs shows it is in a state of rest and his head is facing down, not openly interacting with those viewing it.In "Man Pointing", the figure is thin and fragile. It shows open form because of its stance. The figure is reaching out, interacting with the public, showing open form.
In hierarchical scale, what does the size of the figures represent?
This means that larger figures are more important than you are Praying mantis acts as he is much larger than he really is
Optical color mixing creates the most vibrant color sensations.
Three primary colors Yellow, cyan, and magenta Mixes tiny dots of intense color
What type of texture is evident in Jan van Eyck's painting, The Arnolfini Portrait?
Tiny brush strokes Smooth texture
How can art act as a "time capsule"?
Transmits across time The feeling of individuals and the collective worldviews of cultures
How is color intensity (or saturation) different from value?
Value is the lightness or darkness of a hue and it is changed by adding black or white to a color. Intensity is the brightness or dullness of hue and is changed by mixing a color with its complement
What term is used to refer to the relative lightness and darkness of surfaces?
Value. Technique that creates the illusion that figures and objects depicted on a flat surface have roundness and bulk
How do artists use directional lines to create a sense of stability in a composition
Vertical and horizontal lines
How do artists use directional lines to create a sense of stability in a composition?
Vertical and horizontal lines
How do traditional Chinese depictions of landforms differ from Western representations?
Washing of ink black paint on white paper They present traditional Chinese landscapes into the painting that show poetic symbols of landforms rather than them being real
What is the fundamental difference in the perception of time between traditional Asian culture and Western culture?
Westerners - are considered more individualistic, thinking more of themselves and their own needs and objectives. They are comfortable making decisions and taking actions without the advice or support of others. Asians - feel more comfortable as part of a group.
What is the difference between mass and volume?
a. Mass:How much space an object or substance takes up b. Volume:Measurement of the amount of matter in an object or substance.
What is the difference between scale and proportion?
a. Scale: is the size of one object in relation to the other objects in a design or artwork b. Proportion: refers to the size of the parts of an object in relationship to other parts of the same object.
What is the fundamental difference between symmetry and asymmetry in a composition?
a. Symmetry: the near or exact matching of left and right sides of a 2-D or 3-D work of art b. Asymmetry: the left and right sides are not the same. Asymmetrical paintings are balanced by the visual weights of forms and colors.
In architecture, how do we experience the following
a. The outside of the building: b. The inside of a building
We generally associate rhythm with temporal arts such as music or dance. How is rhythm created in the visual arts?
based in repetition- typically associated with music, poetry, & dance (seasons, moon, waves- natural rhythms measure out the passing of waves) artist use to structure our experience- allows for greater variation, more so than with pattern (repetition of a motif)- uses lines, shapes, colors - pattern with variationa relationship, either of time or space, between recurring elements of a composition.Through repetition any visual elements can take on rhythm in a work Balance
What phenomenon is illustrated in Escher's Sky and Water I (1938)?
figure-ground reversal
What defines the actual space of a two-dimensional artwork?
is a measurable distance on a surface which shows length and width but lacks thickness or depth.
List five of the basic visual elements.
line, shape, color, texture and space.
What spatial system was developed by Italian architects and painters in the fifteenth century?
linear and atmospheric perspective