ART APP 1301-0409 FINAL
Often working in tempera and creating many narrative works, the painter ______________ studied at the Harlem Art Workshop.
Jacob Lawrence
The king who exemplifies "absolute monarch," reigning for a total of 74 years_______________, made France the literary and artistic center of Europe.
Louis XIV
Two French brothers named __________ built the first workable film projector in 1895.
Lumiére
__________________________, __________________________, and __________________________, - these characteristics seem to be part of our nature as human beings.
Making Meaningful Images and Forms, Creating Order and Structure, Exploring Aesthetic Possibilities
Brazilian painter Beatriz Milhazes developoed an unusual technique for her use if acrylics. It can be seen in works such as __________.
Mariposa
_____________ sought to present the scene of Trinity with the Virgin, St. John the Evangelist, and Donors in as convincing an illusion as possible that the sacred scene was really present before the viewer.
Masaccio
The Vietnam Veterans Memorial, created by ________________ is an example of what artists do in creating places for human purpose, in this case, specifically for contemplation and remembrance.
Maya Lin
The first cultures of the ancient Mediterranean world to meet the conditions that foster the preservation of art arose in ______________ and _____________.
Mesopotamia and Egypt
The additive process of sculpture includes what techniques?
Modelling and Assembling
Which art movement grew out of Dada and was influenced by Freud's theories of the unconscious?
Surrealism
_____________bridges came into their own in the 19th century, but the principle can be traced back in time to people such as the Inca of Peru.
Suspension
The _________________ was built in the mid-17th century by the Muslim emperor of India, Shah Jahan, as a tomb for his beloved wife.
Taj Majal
_______________ in Granada, Spain, was a royal city of gardens, palaces, mosques, baths, and quarters or artisans, all built within the protective walls of an older hilltop fortress.
The Alhambra
______________________________ spread quickly through Europe and the United States, where its most vocal proponent was Gustav Stickley.
The Arts and Crafts Movement
Auguste Rodin 's _______________________________ was commissioned in 1884 to honor six prominent townsmen of the 14th century who had offered their lives to ransom the town from the English.
The Burghers of Calais
While Michelangelo was working on the Sistine Chapel ceiling, Raphael was painting his fresco, ________________ in the private library of Pope Julius II.
The School of Athens
Although Vincent van Gogh suffered emotionally throughout his life, he was able to give his emotions tangible form in works such as _________________.
The Starry Night
The most important art form of art in Japan during the Heain period was poetry, and ________________________ is considered by many the greatest work of Japanese literature.
The Tale of Genji
A ______________ results when two barrel vaults are crossed at right angles to each other.
groin vault
Muhammad's emigration from Mecca to Medina is known as the ___________.
hijra
The greatest honor that could be bestowed on a Roman ruler was a portrayal in bronze on ______________.
horseback
The Africa that Islamic and Christian travelers found south of the Sahara was and is home to _______________________________, each with its own distinctive art forms.
hundreds of cultures
The Embarkation for Cythera demonstrates the use of ____________ lines to draw our eyes through the picture.
implied lines
The Death of Marat tells the story of a man who was murdered _________________
in his bath
Mixing a primary and a secondary color produces a tertiary or _______________ color.
intermediate
The Greeks had many standard pottery shapes, with the _______ being used to store wine.
krater
In the series Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji, Hokusai left behind ukiyo-e in favor of ______________
landscape
Romanticism had many sides and in the Americas it expressed itself most clearly in an attitude toward ______________
landscape
The most honored mask of the Igbo people of Nigeria, ______________ appears at the funeral of an especially important man
The most honored mask of the Igbo people of Nigeria, ______________ appears at the funeral of an especially important man
Bas-relief, often called _______________ is a technique in which figures project only slightly from the background, while _____________ describes sculptures that project more boldly from the background.
low relief, high relief
Mosque comes from the Arabic ____________, "place for bowing down.
masjid
In Africa ____________________ is never displayed in public as an isolated, inert object. It appears only in motion, only as the head or face of a spirit being that has appeared in the human community.
masquerade
Lithographers use a grease-based crayon or greasy ink called ____________.
tusche
The high-key colors, agitated brushwork and emotional intensity of _____________________ painting would be enormously influential on the next generation of artists.
vna Gogh's
The Church of St. George at Lalibela has a central plan in the shape of a cross and was cut directly into ____________________ in the 12th century.
volcanic rock
In weaving, the set of fibers that is held taut on a loom or frame is called ___________.
warp
The ancestor of the graphite pencil, especially popular during the Renaissance, is _____________.
metalpoint
Dan Flavin was associated with the movement called ____________ , part of an ongoing argument about the appropriate purpose, materials and look of art in the modern era.
minimalism
The people of Kongo use containers called ______________ to hold materials that aid in rituals for harnessing the powers of the dead in the service of the living.
minkisi
Minkisi that are shaped like fierce hunters, believed to seek out and punish wrongdoers, are called minkondi.
minkondi
Casting involves a __________ of some kind, into which liquid or semiliquid material is poured and allowed to harden.
mold
The exception to the rule of multiples in printmaking is ______________.
monotype
The floors of the finer houses in Rome were decorated with ______________.
mosaics
When images tell a story, we say they are ___________, as is the image by William Hogarth depicting A Harlot's Progress
narrative
The reconciliation between Classical culture and its relationship to Christianity gave rise to a philosophy known as ________________.
neo-platonism
The Countess du Berry commissioned one of the last masterpieces of Rococo art, a series of paintings called The Progress of Love. She rejected them, considering them too _________________________ and ______________________
old fashioned and sentimental
Chartres Cathedral contains __________ stained-glass windows.
over 150
Caravaggio painted The Entombment of Christ to hang ____________.
over an altar
Egyptians journey into the afterlife was guided by texts known as books of the dead which were written on ___________ scrolls.
papyrus
The word for paper comes from the Latin word _____________.
papyrus
Degas created The Singer in Green using __________, blending the tones for the girl's face and upper torso, while applying the strokes of the dress and background more freely.
pastel
The philosophy of Confucianism is pragmatic, its primary concern the creation of a ____________________
peaceful society
Encased in wood, made of a mixture of graphite and clay, ______ is the most common drawing media.
pencil
Film depends on a phenomenon called ______________ in which the human eye retains an image for a fraction of second longer than the eye actually records it.
persistence of vision
Toward the end of the ____________________________, images of Buddha began to appear in northern India, influenced by interaction with Greek culture.
1st century AD
____________ championed Pure or Straight Photography. His photo, The Steerage pointed the way forward for photography's change as an art form.
Alfred Stieglitz
_________________ serves to mark the entry to a reception hall in Persian palaces.
An iwan
Built in the early 12th century under the patronage of the god-king Suryavarman II and dedicated to Vishnu, _________________ consists of five shrines on a raised, pyramidal stone "mountain."
Angkor Wat
Like the rulers of ancient Egypt, the kings of _______________ are viewed as sacred beings.
Benin
___________________ monks spread news of paper-making techniques the 2nd century BC.
Buddhist
The Roman architect Vitruvius associated the perfected male form with the perfect geometry of _____________ and the _____________.
Circle and Square
Which painter's work led to the naming of Impressionism?
Claude Monet
In the Early Renaissance _______________ sculpted his David, which was the first full-round nude sculpture to be made since antiquity.
Donatello
The great artistic event of the ________________ was the popularity of woodblock prints, a new form that made art available to everyone.
Edo period
An example of Politics and the Social Order, what culture built the pyramids for their dead rulers?
Egyptian
The mummy of Artemidoros, from Fayum, shows the influence of what cultures?
Egyptian, Greek and Roman
One of Queen Marie-Antoinette's favorite portrait painters was _______________________?
Elizabeth Vigee-Lebrun
In 2010, what did Wafaa Bilal do to make art?
Embedded a camera in the back of his head
What name was given to Matisse and others who sought to free color from its role in describing objects?
fauves
Indian artists typically depicted women as soft, round and voluptuous to symbolize
fertility and abundance
The Tang dynasty was viewed as the the age of _____________________ while artists of the Song dynasty cast their own long shadow over the future with landscape.
figure painting
What painting technique involving wax, dates back to Egypt, Greece, and Rome?
Encaustic
____________ was used to help compensate for visual effects/distortions in Greek architecture.
Entasis
Papered covered sliding doors that define spaces within all kinds of structures are called ___________.
fusama
In Hindu architecture a garbhagriha, (a small, dark, cavelike chamber) houses a statue of a deity.
garbhagriha
Unlike clay, _______ doesn't change chemically as it moves from a soft, workable state to a rigid, hard one.
glass
An Expressionist group called ________________ was organized by Vasili Kandisnky in 1911
Der Blaue Reiter
What 20th-century master of the fresco technique created the work Mixtec Culture?
Diego Rivera
Lines can be used in art to indicate _____________ and _______________, as seen in Hidden Relief by Sarah Sze.
Direction and Movement
Because symbols serve as focal points for associations of ideas and emotions, one of the most effective ways for a company to change it image is to ____________________.
redo its logo
__________ is the technique of shaping metal by hammer blows after it has been heated to high temperature.
Forging
When discussing the way a work of art looks, its physical appearance, we are discussing what?
Form
The principal ingredient of glass is __________, or sand.
silica
The 17th and 18th centuries in Europe has often been called _________________ as some of the most powerful rulers in history occupied the thrones of various countries during this time.
the Age of Kings
Pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, flying buttresses, and large stained glass windows are characteristic of ___________ architecture.
Gothic
Cassidy Curtis created a website called __________________ that compiles photos and reassembles them as photo-collages for people to view layers of graffiti as it has been applied over time.
Graffiti Archaeology
As a movement, The Harlem Renaissance only lasted a decade: It's momentum was sopped by the stock market crash of 1929 and the ___________________________ of the 1930s.
Great Depression
The Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian styles are known as the ____________________.
Greek Orders
According to oral tradition, the current dynasty of Benin rulers was founded by a prince from the Yoruba city of Ife.
the Yoruba city of Ife
Graphic design today, has its roots in two developments. They are __________________ and the industrial revolution
the printng press
Although bronze was the favored material for freestanding sculpture in Greece, most bronze statues have not survived, because ___________________________.
they were melted down
Muslims are followers of Muhammad's teachings, and their name means ______________________
those who submit
Followers of Daoism hoped to occupy a world filled with ___________ and ____________on attaining immortality.
tigers and chimeras
What is Watercolor's primary characteristic?
transparency
Four revolutions took place toward the end of the 18th century. They are the American, French, Haitian and ___________________ revolutions.
Industrial
________ is a pattern or patterns formed by intricately interwoven ribbons or bands.
Interlace
The era known as the High Renaissance encompasses a time period of about ________ years.
25
The Sistine Chapel ceiling took Michelangelo and his assistants ______________ to complete.
4 years
What was the New York School?
A convenent label for the Abstract Expressionists
What did Eadweard Muybridge conclusively prove in 1878, when he photographed a galloping horse to help settle a $25,000 bet.
A running horse does gather all 4 feet off the ground at certain times
Who staged events he called "happenings" which looked to the living art of theater for renewal?
Allan Kaprow
What was the Salon of Paris?
An annual, juried art exhibition
___________ is a process of bringing together individual pieces, segments, or objects to form a sculpture.
Assembling
_______________________ perspective is represented by John Frederick Kensett's Lake George
Atmospheric
_________________ was the Christianized continuation of the Roman Empire.
Byzantium
_________ cloth is an example of an artist creating an extraordinary version of an ordinary object.
Canvas
Artimesia Gentileschi was a female artist whose work followed the approach of _____________________ in works such as Judith and Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes.
Caravaggio
___________ is a subtractive process where material is taken away until only the desired form remains.
Carving
What did George Eastman introduce in 1888 that made it possible to string images together?
Celluloid film
______________ had a relatively easy time finding a place in the system of fine arts because clay had a long history as a sculptural medium.
Ceramics
Until the discovery of the _________________ in 1994, the images at Lascaux were the oldest known paintings in Europe.
Chauvet Cave
Janine Antoni used ____________ and __________ to create Gnaw, a counterpoint to Rodin's Kiss.
Chocolate and Lard
In his painting _________________, the artist Duccio pioneered the use of architecture to define space and direct movement.
Christ Entering Jerusalem
In sculpture, what is the most common modeling material?
Clay
From the French word for glue, ____________ is the practice of pasting shapes cut from various media.
Collage
The style known as ______________ used abstraction and geometric shapes that emphasized the formal elements of line, color and texture.
Constructivism
The artist ______________ depicted the psychological and emotional reactions of his subjects in his painting, The Lamentation.
Giotto
The ______________ have been commenting on the figures and institutions of the art world since 1985.
Guerilla Girls
__________________ embody a taste for simple forms and natural materials that is one of the themes of Japanese art
Haniwa
What modern work utilized optical color mixing and was created by Deborah Sperber using spools of thread?
Hendrix
The Greek term for image breaking is ________________.
Iconoclasm
With __________________ , art moved outdoors, not the artificial outdoors of Manet, but the true outdoors.
Impressionism
Why is much of the artwork from Africa lost to us?
It was made of perishable materials
_________________________________ converted a wine press to serve as a printing press, and invented the small metal letters that could be combined to make words. His Biblia Latina was the first major book to be printed using this new process.
Johannes Gutenberg
In creating __________________, Mike Kelley left a text relating how the work of art came into being, enabling us to see part of the creative process in action
Kandors Full Set
The most famous Nubian kingdom was __________, which lasted over 1,400 years.
Kush
_________________ is how text and images appear on the page.
Layout
Which of the visual elements can best be defined as a "path traced by a moving point?"
Line
Late in the 7th century BC the ________________ kingdom came into being and they are among the greatest architects of the ancient world, developing a true arch before the Romans.
Neo-Babylonian
_____________ is a Yoruba word meaning "one who knows honor."
Olumeye
Chris Ofili drew ____________________ using a variety of soft and hard pencils.
Prince Amongst Thieves with Flowers
The artist _____________ created a print of an x-ray of his mother's skull on confetti.
Pepón Osorio
_______________________ was introduced into Indian culture by the British colonial authorities and studios run by both foreigners and natives were opened.
Photography
What 20th-century artist dated and saved most of his drawings, leaving us an almost complete visual record of his creative process?
Picasso
____________ embraced labor-intensive printing techniques that allowed them to blur unwanted detail, enhance tonal range, soften focus and add highlights and delicate veils of color.
Pictorialists
Florentine Codex: Feather Workers and Windward are examples of the theme ___________________.
Picturing the Here and Now
____________ is the name for a representation of Mary holding Jesus after he was taken down from the cross. Käthe Kollwitz borrowed from this tradition for her print Woman with Dead Child.
Pietá
What process did Georges Seurat develop by laying down his paint in tiny dots, or points, of pure color?
Pointillism
What style of painting is A Burial at Ornans?
Realism
Throne of the Third Heaven of the Nation's Millennium General Assembly is an example of __________ art
Renaissance
The art of the High Middle Ages is generally divided into two periods, the ____________ and the ____________
Romanesque and Gothic
________________________ is not a style so much as a set of attitudes and characteristic subjects.
Romanticism
What exhibit was formed after the "Salon de Paris" rejected nearly two-thirds of the works of art submitted in 1863?
Salon des Refusés
__________ means size in relation to a standard or "normal" size.
Scale
Of all the Post-Impressionists, ______________ was the most faithful to the idea of painting modern life.
Seurat
Bernini transformed the Cornaro Chapel into a a sort of theater with sculpted spectators to display his creation, _________________________.
St. Teresa in Ecstasy
_______________ is the complementary concept to Emphasis
Subordination
The center panel of a triptych, ________________________________, is the best-known work of the bizarrely inventive Hieronymus Bosch and an example of the theme of Invention and Fantasy.
The Garden of Earthly Delights
Marcel Duchamp's LHOOQ uses a found object as a ready-made. The work is an ordinary postcard of ____________________.
The Mona Lisa
One of the most celebrated 19th-century artists, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, created posters for the famous dance hall called _____________________________.
The Moulin Rouge
Possibly the most famous of all surrealist works is _____________________________________, often called "The Melting Watches."
The Persistence of Memory
What is the name of the holy book of Islam?
The Qur'an
Key elements of The Last Supper by ____________, the dramatic use of light, the theatricality, the heightened emotionalism and the diagonal composition, became part of a style soon to be taken up during the Baroque
Tintoretto
___________________ occupies an area of about 200 acres, including extensive formal gardens and several grand châteux and was redesigned and enlarged over over many years.
Versailles
In the 1960s, what other technology emerged that could record and playback images in motion?
Video
Jackson Pollock created abstract expressionist paintings in the style called _________
action painting
Romanesque architects modified church design to accommodate large crowds of pilgrims. The aisle they created around the apse is called an ______________, which is Latin for walkway.
ambulatory
In the year 313, the Roman emperor Constantine issued ___________________________ for all religions, after having converted to the Christian faith following a victorious battle in 312.
an edict of tolerance
While the Greeks know how bodies looked on the outside, Michelangelo knew how they looked on the inside, how they worked, because of his study of ____________ and dissecting corpses.
anatomy
Until the mid-nineteenth century, most houses were of shell construction. In 1833, the technique of _______________ construction was introduced.
balloon-frame
The most familiar way to shape a hollow glass vessel is by ______________________.
blowing
In fresco painting, a drawing called a __________ may be transferred to the prepared surface using pigment pushed through holes before applying pigment.
cartoon
Charcoal is ___________________ and techniques for making it have been around since ancient times.
charred wood
Serpent Mound and Spiral Jetty are examples of ______________?
earthworks
While the Renaissance stressed the calm of reason, Baroque art is full of ___________, ___________ and _________
emotion, energy and movement
Religious art of the Northern Renaissance could be harsh in it's ___________________.
emotionalism
Structural materials must possess both _____________ and ___________ strength.
compression and tension
Wedge-shaped marks called __________ served as the writing system of Mesopotamia for around 3,000 years.
cuneiform
Developed during the 1990s, _____________ use no film but, instead, store photographs as data.
digital cameras
Developed in the 19th century, _________ is an etching technique for printing photographic images.
photogravure
Most media is manufactured, usually by combining powdered _________ with a ________, a substance allowing it be shaped into sticks or suspended in a fluid, and to adhere to the drawing surface
pigment and binder
With the development of color lithography in the 19th century __________________ came into their own as the most eye-catching form of advertising.
posters
The fastest method of creating a hollow, rounded form in ceramics is by means of the ________________.
potters wheel
Relief describes any printing method in which the image to be printed is ________ from a background
raised
Rhythm is based on _______________, and is a basic part of our world, easily seen in the seasons, cycles of the moon and the way waves flow and ebb on the shoreline.
repetition
If a work of art presents the visible world in a way that we recognize a likeness, that work is
representational
A beaded display piece from the Yoruba shows male power as based in strength, whereas female power, greater and more mysterious, generates ________________
ritual and new life
The word _____________ has come to mean elaborate and profuse.
rococo
Ed Ruscha's Standard Station was made using what printmaking technique?
screenprinting
Mosaic is made of small, closely spaced particles called__________ embedded in a binder like mortar or cement.
tesserae
The goal of graphic design is the communication of a ____________ message to a group of people.
specific
In addition to group portraits and genre scenes, Dutch artists made many _____________ paintings, which were very popular with Dutch patrons. These gained in popularity in part due to the declining role of religious art in Protestant society.
still life
In addition to hatching and cross-hatching which suggest value with lines, _____________ can suggest value by using dots.
stippling
After Buddha's death, his cremated remains were distributed among eight memorial mounds called ____________
stupas
Lacking stone, ancient Sumerians built their cities of _______________ using load-bearing construction.
sun-dried brick
The sculpture Akhenaten and His Family is an example of the ______________ technique
sunken-relief
Art in the Roman empire changed by the time of Constantine the Great. The beauty of the human body was no longer important. Art began to emphasize ____________ and narrative clarity, with signs borrowed from pagan art but repurposed with Christian meaning.
symbolism
A _____________is a stylized animal or monster face, which is the most famous and mysterious of Shang decorative motifs.
taotie
The first Qin emperor, Shihuangdi, ordered the crafting of a ____________________________
terra-cotta army
A __________ is ink diluted with water and applied with a brush.
wash
A temple or shrine on a monumental stepped base is called a ________________.
ziggurat