Art Appreciation unit 2 (Chap 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)

True or false: The goal of photojournalism is to get a photograph to illustrate an article.

False

When tempera is painted on a wood panel, how is gesso used?

To prepare a surface on to which pigments can be applied

High quality charcoal that is light weight and easily broken is made from ______.

Willow

Which are ancient painting techniques?

Encaustic Fresco

What inspired Georgia O'Keeffe to use simple forms and compositions?

European modernism

What media are known to be the first to record and project movable images?

Film and Video

What made the computer arts appealing to a variety of industries?

Ability to communicate images digitally

What probably attracted Ed Ruscha to use screenprinting to create Standard Station?

Ability to create consistent color and bold shapes

Chemist developed what 20th-century industrial paint using synthetic plastic resins?

Acrylic

What techniques did Man Ray use to create his rayogram?

Adjusting the directions of light sources Moving objects around and above the paper

Cassidy Curtis uses the website Graffiti Archeology to do what?

Allow visitors to view progressive photos of graffiti work

Who is credited with inventing lithography?

Alois Senefelder

How was Eadweard Muybridge able to capture images of a running horse?

A series of cameras attached with thread

Which artist used Campbell's soup cans as a subject matter?

Andy Warhol

What characteristics of painting did early photographers seek to mimic?

Blurry details Wide range of value Delicate highlights

When specific guidelines are used to control the appearance of business marketing material, such as layouts and color, this is known as what?

Brand Identity

What device was developed during the Renaissance to harness the principles of light as observed by the mathematician Alhazen?

Camera Obscura

When color photography became widely available, it was mostly used by whom?

Commercial Photographers

What is the main goal of graphic design?

Communicate a specific message

What is Honoré Daumier poking fun at in his piece Nadar Elevating Photography to the Heights of Art?

Comparing Nadar's aerial photography with his attempt at elevating photography artistically

What do modern day graphic designers use to create their finished pieces?

Computer

How are artists changing their approaches to printmaking?

Considering non-traditional surfaces Using them in three dimensional pieces

What issue did daguerreotype face when it came to the photographs produced?

Continued exposure to light caused the image to deteriorate.

Which are attributes of graphic design?

Controlled interpretations Organized layouts

What makes Pepón Osorio's piece You're Never Ready unique to printmaking?

Creating an installation

Which are parts of the rayograph technique?

Darkroom Light-sensitive paper Various light sources

Which artist critiqued photography's effects on society?

Hannah Höch

How did Man Ray discover the darkroom technique, rayograph?

He exposed an object on light-sensitive paper.

Which developments brought about the concept of photojournalism around 1900?

Photomechanical reproduction

Some artists use ______ to generate initial compositions for paintings.

Photoshop

Because of the proliferation of ______ versions of many printmaking technologies, printed images are quite common in modern everyday life.

Industrial

What do logos and trademarks generally represent?

Information Products Corporations

The digital revolution added what new element to graphic design?

Interactivity

In what ways did photography impact traditional art media?

It allowed for the exploration of abstract and nonrepresentational works. Painters no longer had to record events.

How did George Eastman's invention of celluloid film enable the development of commercial motion pictures?

It allowed multiple images to be strung together.

How does May Ray's rayogram change the expectations of photography?

It caused the viewer to question the images seen in the photograph.

Graphic design shares what attribute with art?

It communicates information.

What camera made it easy to travel and take multiple photographs?

Kodak

What invention is credited with the rapid expansion of photography beyond professional photographers?

Kodak Camera

The Great Art of Light and Shadow depicts a portable camera obscura arrangement developed by ______.

Leonardo Da Vinci

How does Toulouse-Lautrec unify text and image in his poster?

Line Color

Who was the first person to develop a photographic technique that could record a clear and sharp image, using a method that others could easily duplicate?

Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre

What aspects made digital cameras appealing to photographers?

Manipulation of photos could be done on a computer. Images could be transmitted digitally.

What is the key difference between inkjet and other print processes?

Matrix

What does the split fountain screenprinting technique do?

Meticulously blend two colors on a single screen

Which photo captured the emotion felt by those suffering during the Great Depression?

Migrant Mother

What was innovative about George Eastman's Kodak camera?

Portable and Easy to Carry Came Pre-loaded with Film

Early photography owed its popularity to what?

Portrait Studios

In what ways can different effects be created in rayograph?

Moving objects during exposure Changing the light sources Adjusting the height of objects

The earliest photographs needed to be exposed to light for extended amounts of time which led to which results?

Moving objects not appearing Studios requiring controlled environments

Which artist used publicly available images from the internet to create works of art?

Mungo Thompson

Which photographer first developed technology to capture an object in motion?

Muybridge

What made it possible for early photographers to produce multiple images?

Negatives

What print technology made it possible to create multiple photographs of a single image?

Negatives

In whose laboratory was the first genuine motion picture created in 1894?

Thomas Edison

To keep ink from passing through certain areas on the screen the printmaker does what to those areas?

Stops out

How did Shepard Fairey help promote presidential candidate Barack Obama in 2008?

Street Art

Which of the following does Shepard Fairey use in his art practice?

Street Art Graphic Design

What is a typeface?

Style of type

Why did newspapers from the 19th century use wood engravings instead of photographs?

Technology did not allow the mass production of photographs.

Why would some argue graphic design is similar to fine art?

The designer seeks to communicate information.

Why was the daguerreotype considered to be a technological dead end?

The image was unique. The image could not be reproduced.

What did Dorthea Lange's photograph Migrant Mother document?

The plight of migrants during the depression

The success of a logo or trademark is up to whom?

The public

Fiona Rae creates what kind of digital print?

Whimsical

What did Albrecht Dürer focus on when designing well-balanced letterforms such as these?

Visual weight Line thickness

Barbara Kruger combined which two aspects of graphic design to influence how viewers interpreted her work?

Word and image

The invention developed in 1837 that used a copper plate coated with silver iodide is known as a ______.

daguerreotype

Mosaic is made up of small particles called ______.

tesserae

The small rocks or stones placed in cement close together to create an image, are known as ______.

tesserae

What makes the drawing Three Mile Island, Night I a unique drawing?

Aerial depiction of a landscape

How is A Goldsmith in His Shop by Petrus Christus different from Amy Sillman's piece Nut?

Christus uses the slow process of glazing.

In graphite, ______ controls the lightness and darkness of the drawing material.

Clay

What qualities drew Käthe Kollowitz to use the woodcut method in her piece The Widow II?

Coarse and unrefined

Woodcut became popular in the 20th century due to what characteristics?

Coarse and unrefined

What are some of the advantages of the linocut printing process?

Cuts are easier to make in any directions since it does not have a grain. The soft material linoleum is made from makes it easier to cut.

What is a limited number of print impressions known as?

Edition

Which statements describe encaustic paintings?

It is created by mixing pigment with wax and resin. It is named after the Greek word for "burning in."

Collage is different from papier collé in what way?

It uses any kind of material

What artist is known for the painting technique of placing canvas on the ground so as to drip and splatter paint from above?

Jackson Pollock

Although the characteristics of brush and ink are classified as drawing, in what countries are they classified as painting?

Japan China

How is a brush and ink drawing different from a pen and ink drawing?

Line characteristics

How can the brush technique used to create No Title (Not a single...) be identified?

Lines swell in the middle

Which are dry media?

Metalpoint Charcoal Pastel

Which aspects make acrylics desirable to work with?

Mimics effects of other paints Dries quickly

Raphael connects the Golden Age of the Renaissance with what other golden age in School of Athens?

Greece

How did Pablo Picasso use drawing in creating his painting Guernica?

He created a rough sketch of the composition.

How does Chris Ofili create depth in his piece Prince among Thieves with Flowers?

He uses pencils that vary in hardness and softness.

An impression is made from what kind of surface?

Matrix

Traditional oil paints are diluted with what items?

Mineral spirits Turpentine

What steps occur during the relief printing process?

Negative spaces are carved away. Line work stays raised from the matrix.

Look at this image. True or false: The process of wood engraving, which was used to create Jose Guadalupe Posada's Skeletons as Artisans, allows for less detail than woodcut.

Raised

What printing process aligns all the blocks in a multi-block print?

Registration

\What processes are used in Kunisawa's Artisans?

Registration Color

A woodcut falls under which type of print process?

Relief

In what ways did modern artists redefine easel painting?

Removed the canvas from support systems Used unconventional surfaces

Easel paintings first became popular during the ______ period.

Renaissance

How does Amy Sillman use oil paints in the painting Nut?

Rework the piece using different techniques

When very little water is added to gouache, what effect can be expected?

Saturated, opaque color

Generally, if there are six colors in the design of a screenprint, how many screens will be used in the production of the final image?

Six screens - one for each color

What is the technical term for the surface artists paint on?

Support

A mixture of powdered pigments and a wax or oil based binder results in what medium?

Crayon

What distinguishes commercial prints from artists' prints?

Mass-production

Why is a mosaic considered a "painting for eternity?"

They are extremely durable.

An aqueous media is diluted with ______.

Water

How is a wash created using pastels?

Water

A work that uses medium other than paint must have what characteristics to be considered a painting?

Obvious recognition of painting history and traditions The scale and force of a painting

How does the viewer recognize that this is an engaged couple in A Goldsmith in His Shop?

The girdle sitting on the counter

The light value of the flowers in Prince among Thieves with Flowers indicate what about the pencil used?

The graphite consists of lots of clay.

What are the advantages of using charcoal in Yvonne Jacquette's Three Mile Island, Night I?

The value range Easy to smudge Its ability to create detail

What makes wood engraving appealing to artists?

The ease at creating fine white lines

Which set of threads on a tapestry creates the image?

Weft

What kind of line does Jose Guadalupe Posada use in Skeletons as Artisans?

Contour

Watercolor and similar types of paints that are diluted with water are considered ______.

Aqueous

When water is added to pastels, what happens?

Beomce thin, Treated like paint

The process of wood engraving, which was used to create Jose Guadalupe Posada's Skeletons as Artisans, allows for less detail than woodcut.

False

The School of Athens, a painting by the Renaissance artist Raphael that is featured in the Vatican Palace, exemplifies which painting method?

Fresco

What painting technique has the pigment mixed with water, and then applied to dry plaster?

Fresco secco

In oil paint, a ______ is a thin veil of translucent color, achieved by thinning the paint with medium.

Glaze

Dated to 868 C.E., where do scholars believe this work was first used?

PRINTED BOOK

Which medium characterizes Edgar Degas's artwork The Singer in Green?

Pastel

With fresco, pigments are mixed with water and applied to a ______ support.

Plaster

Easel paintings are ______, unlike paintings executed on walls, such as frescoes or murals.

Portable

When melting the wax for the encaustic method, the artist adds what?

Powdered Pigment

In relation to drawing media, what is pigment?

Powdered coloring material

How was Georges Seurat able to vary the values of Café Concert using conté?

Pressure Application

Which statement describes the unique qualities of printmaking as an art form?

Prints can be quickly and inexpensively reproduced to reach a broad public.

The colors used in tempera cannot be blended easily because tempera dries ______.

Quickly

Before metal tipped pens, artists used what types of pens?

Quill Reed

Why does Georges Seurat use textured paper to create Café Concert?

To recreate the visual effect of pointillism

How does Honoré Daumier create tones in his piece Nadar Elevating Photography to the Heights of Art without the use of line?

Tusche

What is the technique of using a brush to apply ink diluted with water to a drawing surface?

Wash

The process of making paper that is used today was invented where?

China

How is gouache is different from watercolor?

Contains inert pigment to make it opaque

By making series of paintings within a particular theme, what did Jacob Lawrence accomplish?

Create a narrative

Jose Guadalupe Posada's Skeletons as Artisans uses what to critique everyday life?

Death Humor

Petrus Christus most likely used what painting technique with A Goldsmith in His Shop?

Glaze

What influenced the works Jacob Lawrence created?

His personal experiences Mexican muralists Poor black neighborhoods

What does brushing a soft cloth over charcoal create?

It blends to create soft transitions. It can erase drawn lines.

Oil paints are considered what kind of medium?

Nonaqueous

Which qualities define the tempera medium?

Uses egg yolk or milk products as a binder Retains brilliance and clarity of colors for centuries Aqueous medium (uses water as a vehicle)

What painting technique has the pigment mixed with water, and then applied to wet plaster?

Buon fresco

Graphite is a form of what mineral?

Carbon

To create the cross-hatching and prevent smudging, Yvonne Jacquette would have used what?

Charcoal

Which crayon uses pigment mixed with clay and a small amount of binder?

Conte Crayon

Because artists sometimes use sketches to create early versions of their finished works, examining a drawing can give us a unique view of the ______ process.

Creative

What subject matters did Georgia O'Keeffe primarily paint?

Desert landscapes objects in nature

For paint to be brushed easily on a surface what needs to be done to it?

Diluted

Which best describes the painting technique called alla prima?

Does not use a preliminary drawing or plan and is done directly on the ground

______ is fabricated of durable material that could be used on ceilings, walls, or floors.

Mosaic

Which is a planographic technique?

Lithography

What are the basic printmaking methods used to create a print?

Lithography Intaglio Relief

When acrylics are applied in thick, heavy layers, it is known as ______.

Impasto

Why is Raymond Pettibon's No Title (Not a single...) classified as a drawing and not a painting?

Line is mostly used. It is drawn on paper.

A copper plate, a wood block, and a silk screen are each a type of printing ______ that can be pressed against a receiving surface, such as paper, to create an image.

Matrix

What group of artists began exploring "off the wall" painting techniques that moved beyond traditional easel paintings?

Modern

During the Renaissance, why was mosaic largely abandoned in favor of fresco?

Mosaics were considerably more expensive. Frescoes created more naturalistic compositions.

Ed Ruscha's Standard Station was inspired by what?

Movie title marquee

What material is commonly used in the relief method?

Wood block

A linocut is most similar to which other printing process?

Woodcut

To create the small text in No Title (Not a single...), what did Raymond Pettibon use?

a fine Brush