Art Exam 3
Dada Artists:
Hugo Ball Duchamp
Autum Salon:
A direct opposite to the spring salon. (The Fauvists made them)
Minimalist artists:
1: Judd 2: Morris
Expressionist artists:
Kandisky
Harold Rosenberg
"Action painting" More about creating kinetic movement and taking things out of still life through passion.
What did Kandisky claim he could do?
"Hear colors"
How is warhal depicting pop art?
"Marilyn Diptych": religious connotations implying that we saw her, and pop culture, in a religious context, how we have become to desensitized to death ad disaster by the constant repetition of images on TV.
Marcel Duchamp, L.H.O.O.Q., 1919
"Modified readymade"
What was Picasso inspired by:
"Primative" masks, other cultures,
Post modern artists
-Serra -Whiteread -Paik
Earth artists:
-Smithson
Abstract Expressionism:
To create an emotional rather than an illustration--- the painting is alive he's just releasing it
Components of fauvism:
1: Bright and cheery brushwork 2: Color is NOT SUBTLE, almost overpowering.
Artists Fauvism (2)
1: Derain 2: Matisse
Impressionist Artists (3):
1: Edward Volker 2: Claude Monet 3: Berthe Morisot
Surrealist artists:
1: Ernest 2: Oppenheim 3: Dali
Technical Manifesto:
1: Glorify the love of danger 2: Wish to exalt the aggressive movement, 3: the beauty of speed 4 There is no more beauty except in struggle. No masterpiece without the stamp of aggressivenes 5: We will glorify war—the only true hygiene of the world—militarism, patriotism 6: We will destroy museums, libraries, and fight against moralism, feminism, and all utilitarian cowardice....
Pop artists:
1: Hamilton 2: Warhol 3: Lichenstein
Realism/Impression Artists:
1: Manet 2: Caillebotte
Romantiscm artists:
1: Peña 2: Géricault 3: J.M.W. Turner 4: Friedrich
Cubism artists:
1: Picasso 2: Braque
Furturism artists:
1: Servini 2: Boccioni
Elements of the sublime (6):
1: Terror (nothing evokes reason as much) 2: Obscurity (clearness and sense calms the mind) 3: Power 4: Vastness 5: Infinity 6: Colors (avoid pale, neutral light.)
Two levels of this:
1: Updated the practice that not all art had to be designed and could be mass produced. 2: Calling art not a craft but the conceptualization of what is or is not art.
Post Impressionist artists:
1: van Gogh 2: Seurat 3: Cezanne
What was this?
A cast of in concrete that used to be a house: about the memories in a place can be destroyed. She took out the stuff, dismanted, and left it nothing but a ghost of what it used to be.
What kind of technique is this?
A collage: work composed of stuff pasted together.
What did both Kandinisky and Arnold Schönberg eliminate?
A place of repose and problonging the expressive tension.
Law of the simultaneous Contrast of Colors (Optimitcal mixture"
Adjacent objects not only cast reflections of their own color, but also create the effect of their complementar color. when a blue object is set next to a a yellow one, the yell will appear orange to a viewer.
Advante-Garde:
Artists who saw themselves as working in advance of an increasingingly bourgeois socity. Would help other artists move foward into the industrial society. They were paying attention to what was happening around them. (Interchangable with avante guard)
What does this art piece do?
Ask what constitutes a work of art. How much can be stripped away until art disappearers. --Art is purely concecputal
What did this 120 wall cause?
Inconvience and loss in concerts/money. It soon got covered with graffi. It was eventually moved which got people more upset.
Analytic Cubism First stage of cubism:
Breaking things apart and analyzing them. Begins to resemble the actual process of percetion, but they shatter subjects not according TO THE PROCESS OF PERCEPTION BUT CONFIRMING TO PRINCIPLES OF ARTISTIC COMPOSITION: Communicate meaning rather than reality. PICKED APART AND REARRANGED TEIR COMPONENTS.
How does this show impressionism?
Brush strokes are prominent- shows upper middle class wealth engaging in leisurely activities.
How does this show dada?
Challenges perceived notions about what constitutes art and itnroduces riducle and crude bodily functions as viable artistic content--- "Dada was born from disgust"
What questions does this raise?
Clearly he'd changed a plaza intentionally. He did not attempt to say it was 'artistic' but that the piece had been planned and approved. 1: Does the institution of public safeguards lead to better sculpture? 2: Do they merely guarantee that it iwll be bland, offensive and decorative.
Apart from the salon:
Could not afford to wait for France to accept their work.
Paranoid Critical method:
Cultivated the paranoid's ability to misread, mangle and misconstrue ordinary appearancel thus liberating himself from the shackles of conventional rational thinking (Dali)
Techniques in this painting:
Deliberate and controlled- brushrstrokes are short and parallel and weave together into unified (though flat) space. Creates an illusion of 3D. --Complete depth is challenged by INTENSE COLORS IN BOTH FOREGROUND AND BACKGROUND!
How did fauvism differ from post impressionism?
Did not have scientific intent that the post-impressionists did. They emphasized the expressive potential of color, employing it arbitrarily, not based on an object's natural appearance.
Sublime:
Edmund Burke-- when we witness something that instills fascination mixed with fear, or when we stand in the prescence of something far larger than ourselves, our feelings transcend those we encounter in normal life. Such savage grandeur strikes awe and terror into the hart of the viewer, but there is no real danger --Because ithe sublime is experienced vicariously, it is thrilling and can evoke the transcendent power of God.
What did romantics see nature as?
Ever-changing, unpredictable and uncontrollable, and they saw it as an ANALOGY TO THE CHANGES IN HUMAN EMOTIONS.. They found nature awesome, fascninating, owerful, domestic and delightful--- the landscape became very important.
How is this favuism?
Expressive color. It is meant to be an expression of emotions and celebritory indulgence.
Key attributes of Impressionism:
Fast, open brush strokes, painting outside, directly catching light.
How did they differ from most other artists:
Fauves adopted a painterly approach to enhance their work's emotional power, not to capture fleeting effects of color, light or atmosphere on their subjects. Their preference for landscapes, carefree figures and lighthearted subject matter reflects their desire to create an art that would appeal primarily to the viewers' senses.
Silkscreen:
Fine mesh silk screen is used as a pencil stencil.
Clement Greensberg:
Formalist urged the Abstrat Expressionists: completely self-referential that did not have prior narrative and were their own event, moving away from classical antiquity. "Autunmous" No self-referential objects.
What technique is used here:
Frotagge--- rubbing a pencil or crayong over a piece of paper on a textured surface-- inspired him to see new things such as creatures, plants, etc. He called his new technique GRATTAGE!
Pop Art:
Fueled by increase mass media. Critiquing, but also celebrating, the superficiality of popular culture's fiction of the perfect home and perfect person.
What about this painting stood out?
Has an asymmetrical composition with a tipped perspective. The Broad, wet streets create the subject of the painting. Space becomes juxtaposed by umbrellas.
Why did Cezanne challenge his own structure:
He created a scene according to the harmony that he felt the scene demanded, rather than reproducing in detail the landscape itself ---Not a representation of nature, "a construction after nature"
Emile Zola on Manet:
He did not want to copy the masters or view natures IN A WAY THAT WAS DIFFERENT FROM HIS OWN PERSPECTIVE! Felt he should look at Nature as it really was, not just what other people told him it really was. ---Art critics suppress new and upcoming art and "Tell you what is right!" original style based on his own personality. Instead of striving for perfection, he painted as if he were really there. He depicted Olympia in her human form, stripping away any mysticism or idealism.
How much effort did Géricault put in?
He reconstructed the ship, visited the body.
How is this a rendition of the semiotic theory?
He uses a photograph of a chair, a dictionary definiton of a chair and an actual chair. Demonstrates the IMPOSSIBILITY OF PRECISE REPRESENTATION AND COMMUNICATION OF AN IDEA!
What did Kandisky try to achieve with this painting?
He wanted to eliminate the tonal center-- can a painting exist without a subject matter? -Would be entire autonmous and make no reference to visble world. --Instead of trying to correspond with the world, he tried to reply to it instinctevely through direct emotions and a total experience.
How does this display minimalism:
IT FORCES OBJECTS TO AGGRESSIVELY BE THEMSELVES!! No complexity or messiness of the real world.
How did Dali claim he painted this?
In his paranoid critical mind, thereby releasing conjuring up nightmares. Free from reason or moral purpose. Can cause feelings of anxiety, regression, etc.
How does this show abstract expressionism?
In it's intensity, "mistakes" blatant sexism.
Impressionism:
Instead of challenging society like Realists, pretty pictures outside (en plein air) in an EFFORT TO DIRECTLY RECORD THE LEEING EFFECTS OF LIGHT AND ATMOSPHERE BY APPLYING FLAT EXPANSES OF PURE COLOR DIRECTLY ONTO THE CANVAS! ---Wanted to catch light quickly before it changed. ---pictures of the upper and middle class leisure in the countryside and in the city.
Richard Mutt Case:
Is it art if you make it or if you decide it to be art? When does art stop being art?
What is interesting about this painting?
It is a contemporary painting given a religious format. It was also an indictment of the monchary. Has elements of baroque (Caravaggio) --No patriotism or heroism:
What did Kandinsky think was evident?
It is evident therefore that color harmony must rest ultimately on purposive playing upon the human soul.
How is this dada?
It literally means nothing--- mocking to traditional poetry and music and art. Abandoned THE RATIONALITY OF ADULTHOOD AND CREATED A NEW AND WHOLLY INCOMPREHENSIBLE PRIVATE LANGUAGE OF RANDOM SOUNDS!
How is this surrealist?
It transposes to objects from their orindary reality, recontexutalizes them, an transform them into something without any prior connotation that is deeply disturbing. Disparate realities.
Futurism (Italien):
Italien Cubism. Its emphasis on portraying technology and a sense of speed. Express their love of machines, speed, and war.
Expressionism:
Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it radically for emotional effect in order to evoke moods or ideas.
Realist Artists (2)
Jean-François Millet, Gustave Courbet,
Georges Seurat, A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte
Mixture of classes? Blurring distinctions
Dada
Mocked the senselessness of rational thought and the foundation of modern society (art). "Mocking iconoclasm". notorious and controversial modern art movements. It not only confronts but outwardly overturns all prevailing assumptions about what constitutes a work of art, often blurring the boundaries between art and object, thoughtfulness and randomness.
How are things formated in analyetic cubism?
Knitting together multiple things (violin, sheet music) together in a single shiffting surface of colors and forms -- Fragmenting them to facilitate their integration into the compositional whole.
Conceptual artists:
Kosuth
What did impressionists like to paint?
Landscape and contemporary life. Middle class leisure activities
Realism:
Less of a style and more of a commitment to paint the modern world honestly, without turning away from the brutal truths of life for all people, the poor as well as the priveledged
Benday (or Ben-Day) dots
Like commic books. , color and optical illusion needed, small colored dots are closely-spaced, widely-spaced or overlapping. Magenta dots, for example, are widely-spaced to create pink. ---Used by Lichstein
The biomrophic forms:
Living organisms, not still shapes
Earth art:
Making art out doors that is usually site specific. They manipulate raw materials and use the earth as a canvas, letting nature do most of the work.
What is the relationship in this picture?
Man and nature Man and man
What did Van Gogh believe?
Modern life alienated people from one another and themselves. HIS PAINTINGS ARE EFFORTS COMMUNICATE HIS EMOTIONAL STATE BY ESTABLISHING A DIRECT CONNECTION BETWEEN THE ARTISTS AND VIEWER-- BREAKING DOWN WALL CREATED IN MODERN SOCIETY!
Arnold Schönberg
Muscisan who inspired Kandisky because he would make music that did not follow and notes or scales and were chosen by compososeres for SPECIFIC REASONS! -ELIMINATED THE TONAL CENTER AND TREATED ALL TONES EQUALLY
What was Monet's intent?
NOT A RELIGIOUS DEPICTION- BUT FASCINATION OF HOW LIGHT PLAYED ONE STONE. The lgiht changed constantly throughout the day.
Man vs. Nature in Abbey in an Oak Forest:
Nature is eternal but man has an expiration date.
How does this show realism:
No sense of the afterlife. No promise of happiness. Capturing the awkward blundering, numbess of a real funeral and emphasis on the brutality of phyiscal reality. No falseness/away from romantics.
How does this show realism?
No visual beauty, dirty clothes, showing grime, exhaustion--- showing the boy's inevitable future. --They are faceless because they are not members of society -Realistically gloomy and degrading.
Is impressionism a compliment?
No, it means unfinished.
What does Burial at Ornans depict?
Rural brutal in life size form. People are bored and distracted, except for the heros weap in genuine grief. All the distractions of a real life
En plein air:
Outdoors, in the open air painting.
Cubism
Painters sought to deconstruct the visible world in ways that allow for insightful explorations into the psychology of perception. For instance, how much of a cohesive whole must be portrayed for the subject to remain recognizable and identifiable? -style and movement in art, especially painting, in which perspective with a single viewpoint was abandoned and use was made of simple geometric shapes, interlocking planes, and, later, collage
Surrealism:
Playing into the battleground of the unconscious with violent instincts, fears, and sexual desires.
Salvador Dalí and Luis Buñuel, Un chien andalou, 1928
Plays into fear, desire, lack of linearity.
How is this futurism (Boccioni):
Portraying striding and power through space. Elements of gold FLYING ENERGETICALLY BEHIND IT!
Another definition:
Post-Impressionist artists were not unified in what they were trying to accomplish. Instead, we will see how Seurat, Van Gogh, and Cézanne each used the techniques of Impressionism as a starting point from which to explore, each in their own way, further aspects about the act of vision and imagination.
Helpful Post Impression definition:
Post-Impressionists extended Impressionism while rejecting its limitations: they continued using vivid colours, often thick application of paint, and real-life subject matter, but were more inclined to emphasize geometric forms, distort form for expressive effect, and use unnatural or arbitrary colour
George Seuart:
Preferred structure and structure from Classical art, but liked to us color by optics and color theory. WANTED TO CORRECT IMPRESSIONISM!
How was this an example of Impressions:
Pursuit of capturing the fleeting effects of light and atmosphere, but his extensive reworking of the paintings in his studio produced pictures that were more carefully orchestrated and labouriously executed that his earlier, more spontaneous, plein air works.
What did Marcel use?
Readymade materia;--- like Monia Lisa, etc. He wanted to shock people with a statement--- in Dada fashion
What did Judd think art should consist of?
Real 'specific' objects. NO BASE BELOW OR GLASS CASE AROUND THEM.
Automatism:
Realasing the subconscious to create the work of art WITHOUT RATIONAL INTERVENTION IN ORDER TO PRODUCE NEW IMAGERY!
What did Manet combine/how did he get famous:
Realism and modernity- he got famous through scandal, but not really out of praise
Post-Impressionism:
Reinterpretation of art as an expression of an interior world of the imagination or imposed a new scientific rigor on reporesentations of the world around them. ---NON SHARED A UNIFIED APPROACH, BUT WERE ALL POST IMPRESSION BY USING IMPRESSIONISM AS A SPRINGBOARD TO DEVELOPING THEIR OWN INDIVIDUAL STYLES.
How is this impressionistic?
Rendered almost entirely through quick color strokes. The foreground is ambigous and the horizon line disappears among the shimmering shapes. ---Registers intensiing and shifting forms of FIRST SKETCH and submits it as a FINAL WORK! --Records the emphermal play of reflected light and color and its effect on the eye.
Synthetic Cubism:
Second majorphase of Cubism is Syntehtic cubism because of the way artists created complex compositions by combining and transforming individual elements LIKE IN CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS (Kind of like a collage
Vasily Kandinsky, Concerning the Spiritual in Art (1910) Second effect of color:
Second result of colors: Psychological effect--- correspond with the spiritual vibration. Generally speaking, color directly influences the soul. Color is the keyboard, the eyes are the hammers, the soul is the piano with many strings. The artist is the hand that plays, touching one key or another purposively, to cause vibrations in the soul.
How does this show impressionism:
Serves as a symbol between life and death. The painting is a riot of brushwork, as rail-like strokes of intense color writhe across its surface. Immiate, expressive, intense, PAINTED MORE WHAT HE FELT THAN WHAT HE SAW!
What did Courbet mean to do through this:
Set out to make a political statement. HE INTENDED TO PROVKE. He wanted them to be seen as heros for all the work and suffering that goes into the brutality of modern life
Berthe Morisot, Summer's Day, 1879
She was only allowed to paint women.
What was similiar/different about Cezanne and impressionists?
Similiar: He liked to paint lanscapres and depict the senseations of nature. Different: He did not seek to capture light, instead he wanted to create highly structured paintings through a methodical application of color that merged drawing and modeling INTO A SINGLE PROCESS!!! --Make impressionism something 'sturdy'
Why did Oppenheim want it to be an 'object'
So that no prior association was with it and people had to imagine what the experience would be like, thereby allowing their deepest anxieties, etc. to be released.
Post Modernism SCULPTURES:
Some challenge sculptural orthodoxy while tohers raise questions about the scultors to create deliberately confrontational pieces of art, especailly on public domain
Miminalist Art:
Sought to dematerialize the art object. Allowing the simplicyty of the work's energy to guide. Eliminating all non-essential forms, features or concepts. No focal point. s extreme simplification of form, as by the use of basic shapes and monochromatic palettes of primary colors, objectivity, and anonymity of style.
Post Modernism
Strategy of making art. Its manifestations are many and varied. They reject the seriousness of MOdernism, creating art that mocks the rules of high art.
Why is this pop art?
That TV standards are what define the current idea of 'beauty.' Critiquing the marketing strategies and how the warm perception of the real world
How is this post impressionism:
Wanted to bring science, ways of making the painting seem brighter. Imposing on the earlier uses of impressions with visual colors. --Rigours technique, the stiff formality and the calculated technique.
Salon des Refusés ("Exhibition of the Rejects")
Was created due to a large number of artists being rejected by the Salon Jury. It featured "Édouard Manet, The Luncheon on the Grass"
What are other problems?
The colors mesh and mess with the spacing: there is no proportional sense. Collapsing of scale and space. SEEMS LIKE HE'S DOING IT ON PURPOSE!!
Realism/Impression/Modernity:
Themes of modern life in the industrialized world. Artists using modern urban subjects and new approaches to the visual world. Linked to the changes in the city. THE BREAK WITH THE PAST WAS CRITICAL IN ORDER TO COMPREHEND AND COMMENT ON THE PRESENT!
How is this minimalist:
There is no meaning behind any of it. It's showing that there is no meaning to art, just let things exist as their own.
How is this synthetic cubism:
This exemplifies synethic because it takes apart objects and reconstructs them to create a new whole. OFFERS A NEW PERSPECTIVE!
Paik was one of the pioneers of:
Video Art-- a collage that replaces paint and canvases.
What was shocking about this painting:
The fact that the women were assumed to be prostitues, since they were naked. They were also real looking, or unattractive. HUGE: That it called to important arts in the past, like the Birth of Venus (nudity that was okay because it was an idealized form, referencing mythology.) --Composition borrowed for Raphael NOT A MYTHICAL SETTING-CONTEMPORARY
Conceptual art
The idea or form is seperable from art. Thus, at times a physical object is an appropriate vehicle for a work of art, sometimes perforamnce is more appropriate, and at other times form of written word is necessary. THE CATALYST FOR A WORK OF ART IS THE CONCEPT- AND THE MEANS BY WHICH THE CONCEPT IS COMMUNICATED CAN VARY.
What did Kosuth study?
The imperfect possibilities of communication., either visual or verbal
How does this display romantiscm?
The men are heroic and healthier, strong. Mixture of the real and unreal. Structured by a pyramid of optimision. The pyramid of optimism is an example of romatniscm. TRIUMPH OF EMOTION!!
What do stone breakers represent?
The peasants who were disenfranchised on who backs MODERN LIFE WAS BEING BUILT!
What does Smithoson say this is?
The perpetual coming and going of things.
What about this is ANALYETIC CUBISM:
The still life items are not arranged in measured progression but push up close to the picture plane (shallow space). Knitting together multiple things (violin, sheet music) together in a single shiffting surface of colors and forms ---HAVE LOST SPACIAL AND COHERENT RELATIONS
What were traits about this that are cubism:
The women are somewhat disturbing, in that they are flattened and their bodies are distored. Is aggressive sexually, not passionate. Women are not gentle creatures men want them to be. ---Space shatters orderly perspective.
Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
This was MOST LIKELY a red light district.
How does this painting use the sublime?
Through blazing colors, nature as the tragedy. Brilliant light and color that spirals across the cnavas in the explosive energy and loose brushwork. Makes it obscure.
What does it appear to be referencing to?
Titian's previous painting. However, Manet's was ANGULAR AND FLAT. The model has a COLD gaze--gazes down at viewers as if they're inferior. --Having an African American women in a painting was very uncommon.
Light and Color:
Tried to arrest a particular moment in time by pinpointing specific atmospheric conditions—light flickering on water, moving clouds, a burst of rain. Their technique tried to capture what they saw. They painted small commas of pure color one next to another. When viewer stood at a reasonable distance their eyes would see a mix of individual marks; colors that had blended optically. This method created more vibrant colors than colors mixed as physical paint on a palette.
What is Lichtenstein doing?
Tries to enshrine the work of a comic book in high art.
Claude Monet, Impression: Sunrise, 1872
Triump of the optical over the physical.
What does the coloring do?
Undermines any atmospheric perspecitve. Viewers can remain unaware that they are looking at a flat canvas, not an illusion rendering of the natural world. TENSION between image and painting- along with the explosive effect of color- generates a visual energy that positively pulses from the painting.
How is this futurism:
Using jagged forms and splintered overlapping surfaces of cubism to describe a tumultuous scene of smoke, violence and cannon blasts from the speed train ---Disorienting (movement)
How does this show romantisicm:
Using lanscape to depict somber human landscape. Showing the passage of time and the death of humans/death of winter. Very somber. ---Setting sun makes dark silhouttes
Why did this painting attrack critiscm?
When it came to the Salon, the painting was attacked because of the elevation of a provincial funeral (the sculpture of God) and the lack of respect/referencing the afterlife. --Courbet did this on purpose to attract attention.
Fauvism:
Wild beasts. EXPLOSIVE colors and blunt brushwork. Had intensity and expressive power, and entirely rethought the picture's surface.
Vasily Kandinsky, Concerning the Spiritual in Art (1910) First effect of color:
You should feel a purely physical effect--- eye is enchanted by the colors, but that eventually grows numb--- they do not leave a lasting impression if the soul remains closed.
synecdoche "pars pro toto":
a figure of speech in which a term for a part of something refers to the whole of something or vice versa.
Romantiscm:
a movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual.
The Unconscious:
a reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories that outside of our conscious awareness. Most of the contents of the unconscious are unacceptable or unpleasant, such as feelings of pain, anxiety, or conflict.
Psychoanalysis
a system of psychological theory and therapy that aims to treat mental disorders by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the mind and bringing repressed fears and conflicts into the conscious mind by techniques such as dream interpretation and free association.
What is cubism:
an analysis of vision and of its representation and it is challenging.
Hans Hoffman, Blue Spell, 1958 [Abstract Expressionism]
http://miamioh.edu/news/campus-news/2014/03/muam-conservation-talk.html
Edward Volker "Cows on a Hillside"
http://www.artnet.com/WebServices/images/ll00139lldbKjGFgk2qCfDrCWQFHPKc57vC/edward-charles-volkert-cattle-grazing-on-a-sun-dappled-hillside.jpg
William-Adolphe Bougeureau, A Young Girl Seated on a Ledge (1899) (Technically not anything)
https://www.google.com/search?q=William-Adolphe+Bouguereau,+A+Young+Girl+Seated+on+a+Ledge+(1899)&client=safari&rls=en&tbm=isch&imgil=JcXwxXiMHImwBM%253A%253BMBdkslhigReM0M%253Bhttp%25253A%25252F%25252Fwww.cityscenecolumbus.com%25252Farts-and-entertainment%25252Fthe-painters-eye%25252Fthe-painters-eye24%25252F&source=iu&pf=m&fir=JcXwxXiMHImwBM%253A%252CMBdkslhigReM0M%252C_&usg=__Z-FZoC3ejotPOey65i8SC3VD96Y%3D&biw=1214&bih=623&ved=0ahUKEwj6xs6b4_HQAhXlyFQKHYkNCjsQyjcIOQ&ei=rzpQWLqzC-WR0wKJm6jYAw#imgrc=JcXwxXiMHImwBM%3A
Gino Severini, The Musicians, 1955 (Cubism and futurism)--- he does another futurism one later
https://www.wikiart.org/en/gino-severini/the-musicians-1955
Seurat's "Pointilism"
juxtaposed strokes of could would merge in the viewer's eye to produce the impression of other colors. When perceived from a certain distance they would appear luminous and intense, but on lose inspection the colors were FARTHER APART!!! ---is a technique of painting in which small, distinct dots of color are applied in patterns to form an image.
Synesthesia:
the production of a sense impression relating to one sense or part of the body by stimulation of another sense or part of the body.
Semiotics:
the study of signs and symbols and their use or interpretation.