Art Final

What is it called when elements are combined in a work of art to create movement using progression, repetition, or alternation?

Rhythm

What are the main principles of design in a kinetic sculpture?

Rhythm and movement

What is the method of scratching the surface where two pieces of clay will join?

Scoring

Which sculpture technique creates a neat and crisp fold when using cardboard, paper, or metal?

Scoring

What kind of colors are made by mixing two primary colors?

Secondary colors

What is an enclosed space that has only 2-dimensions?

Shape

What is the name for the formal type of balance in which both sides of a design appear to be identical?

Symmetrical

Blue-green, blue-violet, yellow-green, yellow-orange, and red-violet are all examples of what type of colors?

Tertiary (Intermediate)

What is the tactile or visual quality of a surface known as?

Texture

What is the process in which material is removed from a form called?

Subtractive

Lines that are indicated where edges meet are ______?

implied

What kind of art is based on reality but is a simplification or distortion of the subject matter?

Abstract

What is the process in which material is applied to build up a form? (examples include coil construction and assemblage)

Additive

Which artist was known for his large scale kinetic sculptures which are usually painted in primary colors, black and white, and credited for inventing the mobile?

Alexander Calder

Which artist created the bronze sculpture entitled "The Thinker"?

Auguste Rodin

What are the 3 types of balance that are used to create stability in an artwork?

Asymmetrical, Symmetrical, and Radial

Realism, expressionism, abstraction, dada, and surrealism are all styles of art that were explored during which century?

20th century

Breaking down an artwork in order to discover the relationships between elements is known as what?

Analysis

What is the organization of visual elements according to the principles of design called?

Analysis

Which Roman architectural features revolutionized architecture by creating large, open, interior spaces?

Arch, vault, and dome

What is the supporting framework used to support material being modeled that keeps it from collapsing called?

Armature

What kind of sculptures are made from different found objects and materials?

Assemblage

What kind of balance exhibits an equal distribution of visual weight with things that are different of each side?

Asymmetrical

What is the first firing of clay called?

Bisque ware

What is it called when the pottery has been fired once and is ready to add glaze?

Bisqueware

At what stage has the clay lost all its moisture, is lightly-colored, and feels "dusty"?

Bone dry

Which artist creates large scale sculptures by wrapping the environment (such as coastlines, buildings, and trees) in large pieces of fabric?

Christo

What are some examples of hand-building methods?

Coil, slab, and pinch

What is the hand building method of forming pottery using snakelike rolls of clay to build the walls of the form called?

Coiling

Fragments or pieces of photos, colored paper, or newspaper combined and glued to a flat surface is known as what?

Collage

What element of art is created from reflected light?

Color

What structure was used for combat, naval battles, and various competitions which entertained Roman citizens?

Colosseum

What was built around 72 to 80 in Rome, Italy?

Colosseum

What is the way in which lines, shapes, and colors are put together called?

Composition

What is the Greek word that describes a stance of a person who is standing in a relaxed and natural pose, with weight of the body shifted onto one leg called?

Contrapposto

What refers to the difference in art elements?

Contrast

What is the most elaborate Greek column with capitals adorned with acanthus leaves known as?

Corinthian

What are the four steps of art criticism? (IN ORDER)

Description, Analysis, Interpretation, Judgment

What is the simplest order of Greek columns with no base at the bottom known as?

Doric

Which modern artist created super realistic sculptures of everyday people in settings with props?

Duane Hanson

During which period in art history did sculptors create stiff, stylized statues of kings and queens in a frontal standing pose with one foot slightly forward?

Egyptian

What kind of sculpture is characterized by being always frontal and bisymmetrical, with arms close to the torso?

Egyptian

Which aesthetic theory communicates emotions, feelings, and concepts?

Emotionalism

What is it called when one area of an artwork attracts more attention than the rest?

Emphasis

What element depicts enclosed volume such as cylinders, spheres, and cubes?

Form

Which aesthetic theory focuses on the elements and principles in an artwork?

Formalism

What are the three types of aesthetic theories?

Formalism, Emotionalism, Imitationalism

The pose of a figure that is facing and looking forward is called what?

Frontal

What are mechanical, man-made shapes such as squares and circles known as?

Geometric shapes

Which sculptor created artworks of elongated human figures which were thought to represent loneliness and alienation from humanity such as "Man Pointing"?

Giacometti

What is the liquid suspension of minerals that melts in the kiln to produce a glasslike surface and is capable of holding water?

Glaze

What was the period in art history called in which flying buttresses, pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, gargoyles, and stained glass were used?

Gothic

What is another name for unfired clay?

Greenware

Which artist was known for his large abstract sculptures of the human form that also utilized negative space?

Henry Moore

What is one of the three main properties of color?

Hue

Which aesthetic theory replicates reality?

Imitationalism

What kind of sculpture is meant to be viewed from all sides?

In the round

What is the Greek column that contains a scroll at the top?

Ionic

What is the area that surrounds a work of art known as?

Negative space

What is the furnace in which clay is fired called? *** clay must be completely dry before firing

Kiln

What is used to describe the moving artwork of Alexander Calder?

Kinetic

At what stage is clay stiff but still moist and can be carved but not collapse?

Leatherhard

What element of art can be actual, implied, or three-dimensional?

Line

Which artist created assemblages out of scrap wood and then painted the sculpture all one color (unity)?

Louise Nevelson

What is the term for a small model of a sculpture, usually made of plaster or clay?

Maquette

Which artist used box-like bodies with attached body parts?

Marisol

What is a solid form with little or no negative space?

Mass

In Egypt, what was a low rectangular tomb called?

Mastaba

What is another name for art supplies like clay, paper mache, or plaster?

Media

What kind of sculpture projects from the background to be seen only from the front and sides?

Relief

Which Renaissance painter and sculptor was declared the greatest sculptor in Italy at age 29 and also sculpted "David" and "Pieta"?

Michelangelo

What kind of color scheme uses hue plus its tints and shades?

Monochromatic

Associated with rhythm, ______ is created through the arrangement of elements that show motion to the viewer's eye. (diagonal lines and planes are a great way to show this...)

Movement

What does a sculpture of a horse jumping a fence imply?

Movement

What kind of art is an expression in pure design form and shows no representation of natural or human-made objects?

Non objective

What does static mean?

Not moving or stationary

What was the name of the gothic cathedral whose construction began in Paris, France in 1163 and took over 100 years to complete?

Notre Dame

Who was a pop art sculptor known for his large soft sculptures?

Oldenburg

What are the systems of architecture (and columns) that originated in Greece called?

Orders

What kind of shapes are often irregular, imperfect, or found in nature rather than manmade?

Organic shapes

What refers to free-form shapes that appear in or are patterned after things in nature?

Organic/Biomorphic shapes

What are lines that define the outer edges of flat objects called?

Outline

What is the sculptural process that uses strips of paper soaked in wheat paste that hardens as it dries?

Paper-mache

Organizing elements in a recognizable or repetitive fashion is called _____?

Pattern

During which period of art history was the Stonehenge created?

Prehistoric

What is the relationship between several objects or between parts of a single object or person called?

Proportion

Art that can be entered, walked around or through, and involves the environment is called what?

Public/Environmental

What type of balance extends from a central point?

Radial

Subject matter shown true to life without stylization or idealization is known as what?

Realism

What type of artwork shows subject matter that is true to life?

Realistic

What is the appropriate method for mixing plaster?

Sift the dry plaster in cool water until islands form on the surface

What is the creamy mixture of clay and water known to help join two pieces of clay?

Slip

What are the areas of an artwork that are positive, negative or the depth of an artwork known as?

Space

What is lighter color made by adding white called?

Tint

What principle of design refers to the sense of oneness in a work of art in which all parts appear to belong?

Unity

What is the element that refers to the lightness or darkness of a color?

Value

What was the name of the prehistoric sculpture that had a bulbous figure and represented fertility and a plentiful supply of food?

Venus of Willendorf

What is the process of kneading clay or cutting raw clay and then forcibly throwing pieces down on top of one another to obtain texture, plasticity, and freedom from air bubbles called?

Wedging

What is a very tall temple base that bridged the gap between man and the gods known as?

Ziggurat

What was Calder's art powered by?

wind