ART History 150 Study Guide #4
Leonardo da Vinci
1452-1519 He painted the Mona Lisa. Fascinated with mystery.
Michelangelo
1475-1564 Studied sculpting
Renaissance in Italy
1480-1550s
Raphael
1483-1520 His early works: Urbino, Perugia, Florence Later works: Rome. He painted the Fire at Borgo. Unlike Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael was not preferred clarity over obscurity in his paintings. No one has rivaled Raphael in his ability to portray sweetness, beauty, and dignity in his subjects.
Martin Luther
1483-1546 German monk, questioned the Roman Catholic Church, was excommunicated. Wrote the 95 theses
The Inquisition
A time period when a group of institutions within the government system of the Catholic Church aimed at combatting heresy.
The Protestant Reformation
An attempt to reform the Catholic church, primarily lead by Martin Luther. 1517-1648
What is The Pastoral Concert also called? Who painted it?
As a religious Venetian painter, Titian painted an allegory on the Invention of Pastoral Poetry. Around 1510 Titian painted it using oil on canvas.
What is one of the frescoes depicting creation on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel called?
Creation of Adam
Who built the Church of San Pietro in Montorio, and what was it called?
Donato Bramante constructed the Tempietto, 1502-1510.
Who designed the Tempietto in Rome, 1502-10?
Donato Bramate, the greatest architect of the 1500s.
Why did Leonardo not copy the divine attributes (halos) from the St. Luke icon into the Mona Lisa painting?
He liked to kiss Mona Lisa and did not want to miss the painting. However, his conscious bothered him, so he removed Mona Lisa from his house.
What technique did Leonardo use to paint the Mona Lisa?
He used a technique called "sfumato" or "smoky," which utilizes differences of light and dark.
Who was Donato Bramate?
He was a painter and the greatest architect of the 1500s.
Where was the Fire at the Borgo painted? Who commissioned who to paint it?
It was painted in the papal apartments in the Vatican in 1514. Pope Leo IV commissioned Raphael to paint it.
Who painted the Mona Lisa and in what year(s)?
Leonarda da Vinci oil painted the Mona Lisa 1503-1506.
Who painted The Last Supper fresco in the Dominican monastery?
Leonardo da Vinci
Who painted the Virgin and Saint Anne with the Christ Child and the Young John the Baptist?
Leonardo da Vinci
What painting did Leonardo paint c.1500, using charcoal heightened with white on brown paper?
The Virgin and Saint Anne with the Christ Child and the Young John the Baptist
Iconoclasm
The deliberate destruction of religious icons and symbols
The Council of Trent
The most important meeting of the catholic church during the Counter - Reformation. 1545-1563
What paintings initiated the transition from paint on panel to oil on canvas?
Titian's paintings such as The Pastoral Concert and The Tempest encouraged this change. Other Venetian painters like Titian used oil paint to create more luminous effects in their paintings.
Who painted the oil on canvas painting of Venus of Urbino around 1538?
Titian. He was one of the first to really utilize oil on canvas painting.
Who wrote about the Embryo in the Womb in 1510?
Leonardo da Vinci.
Who drew the Vitruvian Man? What year did he/she draw it?
Leonardo engineered the Vitruvian man in 1490
Who painted the Sistine Ceiling frescoes in the Vatican Chapel in Rome?
Michelangelo painted the ceiling, 1508-12. Center rectangles depict scenes from Genesis. The prophets and sibyls are inside the rectangles.
Who was the designer for the sculpture of David?
Michelangelo sculptured David, 1501-1504 in Florence.
Who designed the Pieta?
Michelangelo. The first Pieta was after the German Gothic style made in 1300. Michelangelo surpassed the gothic statue and provided a Christian response to Mary holding dead Christ. His statue is more personal and tender. Mary looks very young, and Jesus looks as if He drifted off into peaceful sleep rather than having died a torturous death. Pièta, marble, c.1500, height 5'8 1/2
In what year was the Last Supper painting painted? What is the material that was used?
Painted between 1495-98. Tempera and oil on plaster.
Who painted the School of Athens, Stanza della Segnatura in the Vatican Palace? In what year?
Rafael received the commission to paint the School of Athens through the patronage of Julius II. He worked on it from 1509-1511.
Who painted The Small Cowper Madonna c. 1505?
Raphael painted it using an oil on wood technique. Compared to Michelangelo, Raphael preferred clarity to mystery in his paintings. Note: Raphael also painted an almost identical painting called "Madonna of the Meadow," but it was painted on panel instead of wood.
Which three artists were commissioned to decorate the Counsel Hall? Who actually finished?
Raphael, Michelangelo, and Leonardo. Leonardo was the only one who finished the task.
Who painted the Portrait of Maddalena Strozzi?
Raphael, c. 1506 Oil on wood painting. It is similar to the Mona Lisa painting.
What became the official capitol of Europe during the Renaissance?
Rome
Aside from art what was Leonardo also interested?
Science such as botany, geology, zoology, hydraulics, military engineering, animals, anatomy, and physical science that included mechanics, perspective, light octaves and color.
What painting was the Mona Lisa derived from? How are they similar?
The 6th century St. Luke icon. Both the Mona Lisa and St Luke have a bit of a hidden smile as if they're withholding a secret.
What is the painting Fire at the Borgo descriptive of?
The Borgo is a residential area across the Tibre River in Rome in the pietsa near St. Peters. The picture is depicting people fighting the fire that threatened to burn down Rome.
The Counter-Reformation
The Counter-Reformation, also called the Catholic Reformation or the Catholic Revival, was the period of Catholic resurgence initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation, beginning with the Council of Trent (1545-1563) and ending at the close of the Thirty Years' War (1648)
