Art History

divide between iconoclasm (the secularity of painting) during the Reformation in 1560's and the counter-reformation's emphasis on religious imagery

Flemish Art

1577-1640 diplomat/ court painter in Antwerp part of Catholic counter-reformation created major altar pieces BAROQUE

Peter Paul Rubens

Flemish Renaissance painter known for landscapes, depictions of peasant life/local culture, and proverbs 1525-1569

Pieter Bruegel the Elder

multimedia introduced by Bernini - blurred lines between media, art and theatre bel composto - beautiful synthesis

Total Work of Art

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juliette

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French Academy of Painting and Sculpture conventions of art established/formalised by state Salon emerged as a public exhibition of Academy art - birth of art criticism - established a hierarchy of painting styles (historical - portraiture - landscape - still life) Rococo - decorative architectural style, emphasis on gilt ornamental framework - watered down Baroque w/o religious density - inspired by Arabic script Neoclassicism - rise of enlightenment mind, logic, led to downfall of Rococo - human knowledge to elevated humanity - return to Poussin's morality in art Romanticism - rejects classical past and Enlightenment moral theory of beauty - examines gruesome, sublime, unknown - emphasising self knowledge, transcendence and despair during industrial revolution Revival of the sublime in 18th century landscape painting - aesthetic of fear/terror which inspires thoughts of self preservation and thrill of experience - conquest of nature for human advancement - examines terrifying power of industrial landscapes Realism - fall of classicism, emphasis on depiction of social issues - naturalistic depiction of humanity - emerged during 1848 Revolution - rise of nationalism

18th/19th European History

mostly constructed from wood design is what determines age/authenticity/historical identity, not materials, so are routinely rebuilt - a different concept of conservation

East Asian Architecture

landscape painting more respected that figure painting portraits in elite house holds conveys love stories and emotions - addressed personal relationships cult of love during 16th century - obsession w courtesan love affairs

Figure Painting in China and Japan

Dutch revolt in 1560's - overthrows Catholicism and Protestantism takes over as dominant religion - Beeldenstorm: iconoclasm, the destruction of idols, a reaction against Catholics 1589: Catholics kick Protestant out (Flemish - southern "Netherlands" - now Belgium) 1599: Isabella & Albert enforce Counter-Reformation - resurgence of Catholic Church - religious imagery returns Northern Netherlands remained protestant (Dutch)

Flemish/Dutch history

Baroque 17th century reaction to the renaiscance known for its theatrical exaggeration origininated in italy art was deviant, transgressed boundaries with an emphasis on drama movement and theater art opened to diverse audience-was in contrast to the renaissance with an emphasis on extreme emotion

Southern Europe Background

Reorganised nature, control over nature Nature in collaboration with artist to create "Third Art" → artist harnessing nature for own sublime intentions Rise of city created opposition to urban living which lead to the rise of country villa for contemplation Italian formal garden revived ancients by introducing symmetry/order to nature - artist as divine creator, assertion of power of fantasy

Theatre of Nature

dutch republic was protestant calvinist theory banned icon art but religious paintings were privately commisioned by the dutch middle class dutch popularity in verisimilitude (realistic portrayal, attention to detail and truth of human tradition) used landscapes as a vehicle to think about life, patriotism, and dutch identity

dutch art