Art History Ch.16

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, The Grand Odalisque

-is a slave girl or a harem girl -becomes a French fantasy of the "other"

Orientalism

Edward W. Said, oSaid used the term to describe a pervasive Western tradition, both academic and artistic, of prejudiced outsider interpretations of the East shaped by the attitudes of European imperialism in the 18th and 19th centuries o emphasis on differences

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres

Neoclassicist; A linear artist; drawing (line) was the most important element. Universal truth and the intellect •Elements of Neo-classicism •Emphasis on line and detail -Napoleon on His Imperial Throne

Eugene Delacroix

Romantic; A painterly artist. Emphasis on color. Appeals to the emotions as well as intellect •Marianne is the allegorical representation of liberty •Has elements of the Baroque - Liberty Leading the People

Courbet: The Young Bather

•Body not perfect, outside bather

Orientalist

also French artists in the 19th century, who used artistic elements derived from non-European countries

Exoticism

is considered a form of representation in which peoples, places, and cultural practices are depicted as foreign.

Neoclassicism

•A visual expression of the ideas of the Enlightenment •Order and rationality are valued above all •Neoclassical painters rejected both the high drama of Baroque art and the sentimentality of the Rococo •The searched for clarity of line, color, and form, admiring the simplicity of Greek art •Goal of the Neoclassical artist was to paint a moral lesson that would educate and improve the viewer

Orientalism as Propaganda

•Antoine-Jean Gros' Plague House at Jaffa,

Enlightenment: The Age of Reason

•Central to Enlightenment thought: celebration of reason over emotions •The goals of rational man were considered to be knowledge, freedom, and happiness •French Revolution and American Revolution: society based on freedom and equality

Romanticism: Caspar David Friedrich

•Considered most important German Romantic •Sublime in place of historical or mythological scenes •Role of the artist: moral leader, divine inspiration to the common man

David and the French Revolution

•Death of Marat, 1793: David makes a martyr of Marat •His painting of contemporary life (genre painting)= historical paintings

Robert Seldon Duncanson Blue hole, flood waters, Little Miami river

•Duncanson was an African-American painter associated with the Hudson River School •One of the first African-American to earn an international reputation

Bonaparte Crossing the Great St. Bernard Pass, 1801

•Elements of Neo-Classical and Baroque •Romantic movement

Theodore Gericault

•Epic historical painting, but not heroic •Painting is a social statement o The moment they get rescued - La Meduse

Gustave Courbet, The Stone Breakers

•Genre painting, monumental paintings •Objective view of life

The Carpet Merchant, Jean-Leon Gerome

•Genre paintings of everyday life •Neoclassical artist

Neoclassicism: Jacques-Louis David

•He is considered to be the preeminent painter of the era •David was a leader, its artist, spokesman and historian for the French Revolution •David's Oath of the Horatii, 1784 emphasizes, the idea of self-sacrifice, patriotism for the state o Help inspire the French Revolution oSeen as a condemnation of the Rococo style and the French monarchy

Romanticism and Politics: Spain Francisco Goya

•He paints a massacre of innocent, unarmed civilians in Madrid by French troops •Painterly: Painting technique was deliberately rough and loose reflecting the emotions of the artist •Saturn Devouring his Son, 1819-1823 o"Black Paintings" o Mythic tale of Saturn (Chronos) eating his children o Possible metaphor? = You can't stop time o (Chronos=time)

Realism: Art and Politics

•Honore Daumier, Rue Transnonain, 1834, honestly depicts the tragic aftermath of unjust violence-gritty details of contemporary life

The Sublime - Nature

•In Aesthetics: the sublime is the quality of greatness, (whether physical, moral, intellectual, metaphysical aesthetic, spiritual or artistic). The term especially refers to a greatness beyond limits •Romanticist seek the sublime in nature because nature was less corrupt than civilization.

Neoclassical sculpture: Antonio Canova

•Pauline Bonaparte Borghese as Venus •Greatest sculptor of the period •Neo-Classical

Harems and the Odalisques

•Post-modern: The "Male Gaze" as active and the female as passive

Neoclassicism

•Sense of moral purpose and passion •Embraced logic and order •Use the past models for universal values

Romanticism

•Sense of moral purpose and passion •Order and logic is not important •Looked inside themselves to discover "truth" •Themes: nature, rural life, exotic subjects -Timothy O'Sullivan

The English Landscape and Romanticism: J.M.W. Turner, Slave Ship,

•Slave Ship is the ultimate Romantic scene of wild beauty mixed with horror •Strong anti-slavery message

Orientalism: Edward Said

•Stereotype: a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing. •The creation of stereotypes by "essentializing" and generalizing elements of a culture (person, people). These stereotypes are then become part of our understanding of that culture •The Study of the "orient"; refers mainly to the near East: Egypt, Arabia, Turkey, Iraq and Iran, (India- British, America - far east China and Japan)

Henry Ossawa Tanner

•The Thankful Poor o Realistic because: poor, praying, •The Banjo Lesson oDeals with the stereotype of African Americans

Realism

•This artistic movement was a reaction to Neoclassicism and Romanticism's attachment to myths, exoticism, historical subjects •They believed that art should deal with human experience and observation •Inspired the Impressionists to focus on "real" life

American Romanticism: The Hudson River School

•Thomas Cole founded the Hudson River School •The 1st authentically American "school" of painting •Idealized image of America