Art History Exam #4

Woodblock printing began in the fourth century in which country? a. Japan b. China c. Germany d. France

b. China

Which American author is best known for a series of novels extolling Indians as "noble savages"? a. Poe b. Cooper c. Thoreau d. Emerson

b. Cooper

Who painted Liberty Leading the People? a. Goya b. Delacroix c. Rude d. Cole

b. Delacroix

Which artist spent most of the last years of his life living in Tahiti? a. Rousseau b. Gauguin c. Moreau d. Munch

b. Gauguin

Which artist visually recorded scenes from the U.S. Civil War for Harper's Weekly in works such as The Army of the Potomac—A Sharpshooter on Picket Duty? a. Muybridge b. Homer c. Ruskin d. Sargent

b. Homer

How does gouache differ from other watercolors? a. It remains transparent after drying. b. It becomes opaque when dry. c. It dries almost instantly. d. It can be overlaid on top of other paints.

b. It becomes opaque when dry

Which of the following was NOT an English Romantic poet? a. John Keats b. John Constable c. Percy Bysshe Shelley d. William Wordsworth

b. John Constable

Which of the following statements best describes Julia Margaret Cameron's approach to photography? a. She regarded it as a means to capture a surface image as faithfully to reality as possible. b. She viewed it as more of a craft than an art form. c. She viewed it as a means of aesthetic expression accomplished through manipulative techniques. d. She regarded it as a means to create sharp outlines and enhanced details that brought the "real world" into greater focus.

She viewed it as a means of aesthetic expression accomplished through manipulative techniques.

Tanner was known for realistic depictions of what two subjects? a. African American life and biblical stories b. biblical stories and historical events c. African American life and Classical mythology d. Classical mythology and historical events

a. African American life and biblical stories

Which artist attempted in paintings like The Oxbow to develop a "higher style of landscape" that would contain moral or religious significance? a. Cole b. Turner c. Bierstadt d. Hicks

a. Cole

Who painted Stone Breakers (1849)? a. Courbet b. Millet c. Bonheur d. Daumier

a. Courbet

Who painted the frieze-like Burial at Ornans (1849)? a. Courbet b. Eakins c. Daumier d. Bonheur

a. Courbet

Who painted the Massacre at Chios? a. Delacroix b. Ingres c. Géricault d. Goya

a. Delacroix

Which artist explored the aesthetics of the sublime in his Moonwatchers series? a. Friedrich b. Goya c. Turner d. Hicks

a. Friedrich

Who painted The Yellow Christ (1889)? a. Gauguin b. Munch c. Rousseau d. Seurat

a. Gauguin

Whose acknowledged masterpiece is the Raft of the Medusa (1819)? a. Géricault b. Delacroix c. Goya d. Friedrich

a. Géricault

Who painted Bassin des Nymphéas (or Water Lily Pond)? a. Monet b. Degas c. Cassatt d. Renoir

a. Monet

Due to his use of color, Seurat has been called both a a. Pointillist and a Neo-Impressionist. b. Symbolist and an Impressionist. c. Pointillist and a Symbolist. d. Symbolist and a Post-Impressionist.

a. Pointillist and a Neo-Impressionist.

One of the few renowned Romantic sculptors was which creator of the relief Departure of the Volunteers of 1792? a. Rude b. Géricault c. Berlioz d. Bierstadt

a. Rude

Who painted The Gleaners (1857)? a. Courbet b. Millet c. Bonheur d. Daumier

b. Millet

Whose best known painting The Scream shows elements of both Post-Impressionism and Symbolism? a. Seurat b. Munch c. Rousseau d. Moreau

b. Munch

The techniques of dream construction apply most obviously to which style? a. Post-Impressionism b. Symbolism c. naïve painting d. Impressionism

b. Symbolism

Which artist was famous for painting scenes of dance halls and nightclubs, such as Quadrille at the Moulin Rouge (1892)? a. Seurat b. Toulouse-Lautrec c. Cézanne d. Rousseau

b. Toulouse-Lautrec

What was Nadar's Le Géant? a. a large camera he used to photograph panoramic scenes b. a balloon from which he took aerial photographs c. a chair he designed to assist portrait subjects in remaining immobile during the necessary exposure time d. a special film he developed to reduce glare on final images

b. a balloon from which he took aerial photographs

Van Gogh's Bedroom at Arles exhibits all the following characteristics EXCEPT a. an absence of human figures, except in portraits. b. a coupling of images. c. autobiographical content. d. a plethora of pure colors.

b. a coupling of images.

Which best describes the paintings of Winslow Homer? a. They have elements of both Realism and Impressionism. b. They are primarily Impressionist. c. They are mainly portraits. d. They mainly depict European subjects.

a. They have elements of both Realism and Impressionism.

Whose Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons, October 16, 1834 explored the theme of the ease with which nature could destroy man-made artifices? a. Turner b. Constable c. Cole d. Bierstadt

a. Turner

How is Eastern society portrayed in Death of Sardanapalus? a. as opulent and passionate b. as dignified and restrained c. as inscrutable and calculating d. as impoverished and oppressed

a. as opulent and passionate

A defining characteristic of Impressionism is the interest in the a. natural properties of light. b. daily lives of ordinary people. c. ideals and values that existed behind surface reality. d. ability of abstract shapes to assume representational form.

a. natural properties of light.

The continuing influence of Romanticism on early works of Realism such as The Gleaners and The Horse Fair can be seen most clearly in the paintings' depictions of a. nature. b. political allegory. c. human tragedy. d. great rulers.

a. nature.

John Singer Sargent is best remembered for his a. portraits. b. landscapes. c. still-lifes. d. cityscapes.

a. portraits.

Toulouse-Lautrec's lithograph posters differed from his paintings primarily in their a. texture. b. subject matter. c. tone. d. sense of energy.

a. texture.

Over the course of the nineteenth century, which of the following entities declined in importance as patron of the arts? a. the Catholic Church b. art dealers c. museums d. private collectors

a. the Catholic Church

Cézanne's later work exhibits all the following characteristics EXCEPT a. the complete abandonment of figuration. b. patchworks of shifting colors. c. an interest in geometrical figures and paint daubs. d. experimentations in spatial representation.

a. the complete abandonment of figuration.

Which is NOT a feature of Sargent's Impressionism? a. the dissolution of form b. the "slice of life" view c. the oblique view d. the influence of japonisme

a. the dissolution of form

Daguerreotypes exhibited all the following characteristics EXCEPT that a. the required exposure time was several hours. b. each one was unique and could not be reproduced. c. the final image reversed the real subject. d. the final image contained a glare from reflected light.

a. the required exposure time was several hours.

The paintings of Toulouse-Lautrec exhibit all the following characteristics EXCEPT a. tight, precise brushwork. b. clearly defined color areas. c. partial, oblique views. d. the influence of Japanese prints.

a. tight, precise brushwork.

Which artist famously cut off part of his own ear in a fit of jealous rage, then killed himself in 1890? a. van Gogh b. Cézanne c. Gauguin d. Seurat

a. van Gogh

The phrase "camera obscura" literally means a. "drawn with light." b. "dark room." c. "hidden hand." d. "unseen light."

b. "dark room."

Romantic art was characterized by all of the following traits EXCEPT a. an indifference to current events. b. a fascination with the mysteries of the human mind. c. a nostalgia for bygone eras. d. an interest in dreams and nightmares.

b. a fascination with the mysteries of the human mind.

The painting Starry Night (1889) shares which feature with Impressionist paintings? a. an interest in social gatherings b. a fondness for landscape c. experiments with the effects of light on rippling water d. experiments with multiple vantage points

b. a fondness for landscape

As seen in the works of Monet, over time, Impressionism developed in all the following ways EXCEPT a. a growing preference for color, form, and light over iconography. b. a movement toward disguising the role of the painter in the painting. c. a progressive dissolution of edges. d. a movement toward abstraction.

b. a movement toward disguising the role of the painter in the painting.

What is the central figure of Gauguin's Nevermore? a. the Crucifixion b. a reclining nude c. a Tahitian landscape d. Gauguin

b. a reclining nude

In his Executions of the Third of May, 1808, Goya depicts the executioners as a. a disorderly rabble. b. faceless automatons. c. heroic defenders of order. d. tragically conflicted.

b. faceless automatons

A "naïve" painter is one who a. paints without a patron or a commission. b. has no formal training. c. paints scenes of childhood innocence. d. never sells a painting.

b. has no formal training.

At the center of Daumier's print The Freedom of the Press: Don't Meddle with It stands a heroic a. middle-class professional. b. member of the working class. c. ink-stained journalist. d. painter.

b. member of the working class.

Which is NOT an example of photographic influence on the Impressionist style? a. the cropped viewpoint b. multiple viewpoints c. the silhouette d. blurring

b. multiple viewpoints

Which is true of van Gogh's Self-Portrait featured in Chapter 25? a. the brushstrokes form zigzags b. the background consists of a swirling array of multiple colors c. his form dissolves into the background d. the brushstrokes form spirals

b. the background consists of a swirling array of multiple colors

All the following qualities of Mary Cassatt's Boating Party reveal the influence of Japanese woodblocks EXCEPT a. the bold planes of color. b. the blurred depiction of motion. c. the sharp outlines. d. the compressed spaces.

b. the blurred depiction of motion.

Who painted Starry Night (1889)? a. Cézanne b. van Gogh c. Gauguin d. Munch

b. van Gogh

Whose Sunrise, Yosemite Valley exemplifies the practice of luminism? a. Cole b. Turner c. Bierstadt d. Constable

c. Bierstadt

Who painted The Horse Fair (1853)? a. Courbet b. Millet c. Bonheur d. Daumier

c. Bonheur

Whose Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop's Garden demonstrates a nostalgia for the past and a sense of humanity's oneness with nature? a. Turner b. Hicks c. Constable d. Nash

c. Constable

Whose Still Life with Apples (1875-77) fulfilled his desire to "astonish Paris with an apple"? a. Seurat b. Toulouse-Lautrec c. Cézanne d. Gauguin

c. Cézanne

Which artist made a living throughout most of his career by drawing satirical cartoons for La Caricature and La Charivari? a. Courbet b. Millet c. Daumier d. Bonheur

c. Daumier

Who painted Third-Class Carriage (c. 1862)? a. Courbet b. Millet c. Daumier d. Bonheur

c. Daumier

Whose Witches' Sabbath mocks unenlightened superstitions? a. Géricault b. Delacroix c. Goya d. Blake

c. Goya

Whose Impression: Sunrise (1872) lent Impressionism its name? a. Manet b. Degas c. Monet d. Renoir

c. Monet

Which painter of Galatea (1880-1881) was the leader of the French Symbolist movement? a. Rousseau b. Toulouse-Lautrec c. Moreau d. Cézanne

c. Moreau

Impressionism first emerged in the 1860s in what city? a. Rome b. Berlin c. Paris d. London

c. Paris

Whose characteristically soft brushstrokes can be seen in works such as Moulin de la Galette? a. Manet b. Cassatt c. Renoir d. Degas

c. Renoir

Who invented "negative" film, which made multiple prints of a single photograph possible? a. Niépce b. Daguerre c. Talbot d. Tournachon

c. Talbot

Which artist's Night View, Saruwaka Street at Night, part of his One Hundred Views of Edo, demonstrates affinities with the cityscapes of Pissarro and Renoir? a. Keisei Eisen b. Katsushika Hokusai c. Utagawa Hiroshige d. Ukiyo-e

c. Utagawa Hiroshige

What technique did Monet use to capture the appearance of reflections on water? a. pointillism b. solid, irregular shapes c. broken color d. silhouette

c. broken color

Compared to Turner's paintings, the works of Constable evidenced a. more sweeping brushstrokes. b. greater dynamism in subject and color. c. clearer lines and details. d. blurred forms.

c. clearer lines and details.

An important difference between Post-Impressionism and Impressionism is that Post-Impressionists a. made use of bright colors. b. made use of dull, flat colors. c. clearly defined the edges of forms. d. used distinctive brushstrokes.

c. clearly defined the edges of forms.

The development of aquatint opened new possibilities for artists in which medium? a. painting b. sculpture c. etching d. architecture

c. etching

Impressionist paintings typically depicted all the following subjects EXCEPT a. landscapes. b. cityscapes. c. historical events. d. leisure activities.

c. historical events.

The usual subject matter of the Ukiyo-e school of Japanese painting included all of the following EXCEPT a. theater. b. dance. c. historical events. d. female services.

c. historical events.

The painting Starry Night (1889) demonstrates all the following features EXCEPT a. intense, expressive color. b. powerful imagery. c. illusionistic realism. d. a strong sense of line.

c. illusionistic realism.

From 1822 to 1823, Géricault executed a series of studies of a. children. b. fellow painters. c. insane people. d. landscapes

c. insane people.

William Blake's works most clearly illustrate which element of Romanticism? a. its rejection of religion b. its fondness for futuristic imagery c. its embrace of a mystical form of Christianity d. its involvement in current political affairs

c. its embrace of a mystical form of Christianity

A lithograph is made by using a grease pencil to draw a picture on what type of surface? a. brass b. oak c. limestone d. plaster

c. limestone

Delacroix's work exhibits all the following characteristics EXCEPT a. broad sweeps of color. b. lively patterns. c. precise edges. d. energetic figural groups.

c. precise edges.

Which of the following phrases best describes the scenes portrayed in French Realist works? a. idiosyncratic characteristics b. extraordinary events c. repetitive sameness d. disturbing violence

c. repetitive sameness

The painting Stone Breakers reflects the influence of which sociopolitical ideology on its creator? a. capitalism b. anarchism c. socialism d. royalism

c. socialism

Compared with the works of Nadar and Cameron, Brady's photographs of Lincoln and Lee are more a. dream-like. b. introspective. c. straightforward. d. delicate.

c. straightforward.

Impressionists such as Monet were sometimes called plein air painters because of a. the blurred quality of their paintings. b. their indifference to human figures. c. their practice of painting outdoors. d. their fascination with cityscapes.

c. their practice of painting outdoors.

What was the aim of the painting Massacre at Chios? a. to depict faithfully a scene from ancient Roman history b. to criticize wealthy industrialists who lived comfortably upon the suffering of the poor c. to arouse sympathy for the Greeks struggling to gain freedom from the Turks d. to link the struggle against oppression with the struggle against primal nature

c. to arouse sympathy for the Greeks struggling to gain freedom from the Turks

The Royal Pavilion at Brighton most clearly demonstrates the Romantics' interest in a. the austere elegance of ancient Roman architecture. b. nationalistic expression through architecture. c. Europe's "wild" medieval past. d. "exotic" cultures such as that of the Far East.

d. "exotic" cultures such as that of the Far East.

In Renoir's Pont-Neuf and Pissarro's Place du Théâtre Français, the influence of photography can be seen in the a. blurred forms. b. elevated viewpoint. c. cropped view. d. All these answers are correct.

d. All these answers are correct.

Whose illuminated frontispiece Ancient of Days depicts God organizing the world with a compass? a. Rude b. Géricault c. Turner d. Blake

d. Blake

Which artist explored a range of motions through a series of ballet pictures that included Dancer with a Bouquet, Bowing? a. Manet b. Cassatt c. Monet d. Degas

d. Degas

Who painted a "slice of life" image of an intoxicated couple in Absinthe? a. Monet b. Cassatt c. Renoir d. Degas

d. Degas

Who painted the Death of Sardanapalus? a. Goya b. Friedrich c. Bierstadt d. Delacroix

d. Delacroix

Who painted The Gross Clinic, an exemplary piece of American Realism? a. Brady b. Cameron c. Tanner d. Eakins

d. Eakins

Who constructed the Royal Pavilion at Brighton? a. Burke b. Turner c. Cole d. Nash

d. Nash

Katsushika Hokusai's The Great Wave of Kanagawa was part of his series entitled a. Thirty-six Views of a Fishing Boat. b. Thirty-six Views of a Winter Day. c. Thirty-six Views of the Ocean. d. Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji.

d. Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji.

Known as Nadar, which artist became known for his aerial and portrait photography? a. Daguerre b. Talbot c. Brady d. Tournachon

d. Tournachon

Which is NOT a feature of Gauguin's Self-Portrait with Halo? a. a clearly divided picture plane b. traditional motifs c. Symbolist colors d. a single-dimensional visage

d. a single-dimensional visage

Daumier's print Louis Philippe as Gargantua depicts the French king as a. a defender of French rights against foreign intrusion. b. a staunch advocate of the rights of the working class. c. a tiny figure in oversized clothes on an oversized throne, unable to fulfill the demands of his office. d. an insatiable giant who gorges himself while the poor starve.

d. an insatiable giant who gorges himself while the poor starve.

The inscription in Goya's Bogeyman etching is a lesson in a. witchcraft. b. politics. c. the rules of the Inquisition. d. child psychology.

d. child psychology.

An important characteristic of Realist paintings was their a. attempt to capture a sense of "oneness with nature." b. portrayal of idealized peasants living carefree lives. c. indifference to contemporary social and political developments. d. emphasis on class distinctions.

d. emphasis on class distinctions.

In his paintings, Goya expressed all the following themes EXCEPT a. his opposition to social injustice. b. his interest in psychology. c. his contempt for irrational thinking. d. his rejection of Christianity.

d. his rejection of Christianity.

Which of the following elements of The Scream (1893) would be considered most in line with Post-Impressionism? a. its depiction of a state of mind b. its use of Christian allegory c. its fidelity to observable reality d. its expressive distortion of form

d. its expressive distortion of form

Folk art such as Hicks's The Peaceable Kingdom tends to exhibit all of the following elements EXCEPT a. flattened forms. b. a spontaneous quality. c. unnatural proportions. d. references to Classical imagery.

d. references to Classical imagery.

What feature do the paintings The Gleaners and Stone Breakers share? a. an emphasis on the pleasures of manual labor b. a celebration of industrial improvements c. the suggestion that hard work will bring prosperity d. the limited individualization of their human figures

d. the limited individualization of their human figures

Homer's Breezing Up exhibits all the following characteristics EXCEPT a. broken colors. b. a cropped viewpoint. c. an oblique viewpoint. d. unpronounced and largely invisible brushstrokes.

d. unpronounced and largely invisible brushstrokes.

Which artist depended upon his brother Theo for financial support, as he was unable to sell his artworks during his lifetime? a. Munch b. Gauguin c. Cézanne d. van Gogh

d. van Gogh

Which of the following is NOT an element of Liberty Leading the People? a. the symbolic use of color b. intimations of Classical allegory c. images of different classes united in a common political cause d. the rejection of French nationalism

the rejection of French nationalism