Art History II - Exam 1

Which of the following was the most prominent patron of fifteenth-century Florentine art?

Medici family

The Neo-Platonic ideals of the Medici circle were most congenial to the thinking of which of the following artists?

Michelangelo

Which sculptor believed that the artist must proceed by first finding the idea—the image—locked in the stone and then release it by chipping away the stone?

Michelangelo

Which of the following is the sculptor whose work showed the greatest influence of the forms of classical antiquity?

Nicola Pisano

In Raphael's Stanza della Segnatura, he reconciled the philosophies and teachings of Plato and Aristotle. Which of the following have also been reconciled?

Paganism and Christianity

The dome Bramante designed for St. Peter's in Rome would have resembled which of the following?

Pantheon, Rome

Which of Brunelleschi's buildings comes the closest to the centralized plan so loved by Renaissance architects?

Pazzi Chapel

Which of the following cities established itself as a major shipping power?

Pisa

Which of the following artists departed from the rule of frontality that dominated sculpture since the Middle Ages?

Pollaiuolo

Increasingly artists of the High Renaissance paid particular attention to the subject's personality and psychic state. This could also be said to describe the portraiture of which of the following artists?

Raphael

In Leonardo's Last Supper, the curved pediment above the head of Christ represents which of the following?

a halo

In 1401 an important competition was held to determine the design of the Baptistery doors for the Cathedral of Florence. Even at this early date Renaissance traits were evident. Which of the following is one of those traits?

a new pictorial illusionism

Giovanni Pisano's works show which of the following?

naturalism

Sluter's sculptural works can be characterized as _____________.

having little physical movement or weight shift

Hugo van der Goes's Portinari Altarpiece is characterized by which of the following?

its rich colors and a somber mood

The following phrase from Revelations, "pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb" is depicted in which of the following?

Altar of the Lamb from the Ghent Altarpiece

Which of the following would support the argument that the Well of Moses created by Claus Sluter did not actually spout water?

Carthusian commitment to silence would preclude any sound making device.

Titian's Meeting of Bacchus and Ariadne was most likely inspired by ________.

Classical art

The word Renaissance means rebirth. Which of the following was a revived interest during this time?

Classical culture

Which of the following was NOT included in Jan van Eyck's Ghent Altarpiece?

Deposition

The Classical principle of contrapposto, or weight shift, was reintroduced into Western art by the sculptor ______________.

Donatello

Who most strongly influenced the art of Pietro Lorenzetti?

Duccio

Which of the following artists specialized in images of the Madonna?

Hans Memling

Stoss Veit reveals the power of the Late Gothic style. Which of the following supports this statement?

He created large carved wooden altarpieces.

How does Gentile da Fabriano reconcile the Adoration of the Magi with the current trends in Florentine Renaissance art?

He depicted animals from a variety of angles and foreshortened their forms convincingly.

Who was instrumental in transforming the Mantua court into an important center for art and learning?

Isabella d'Este

The style of Ghiberti can be characterized as a rhythmic, unified system for depicting space. He is further credited with which of the following?

Realism in characterization, movement, and surface detail

The politics of the Italian city-states were turbulent and violent. Governments were overthrown and reinstated. The Sienese government commissioned a series of frescoes offering a new view, the need for a fair and just administration. The artist of note for this series is which of the following?

Ambrogio Lorenzetti

The International Style illustrated rich color, intricate patterns, and weightless figures. Which of the following works depicts this style?

Annunciation

Who is the architect for the cathedral of Florence?

Arnolfo di Cambio

Which of the following is a manifestation of the commitment to private prayer?

Book of Hours

One of the most important trading cities of fifteenth-century Netherlands was _________.

Bruges

Which city derived its wealth from banking and the wool trade?

Bruges

The development of linear perspective is generally credited to ____________.

Brunelleschi

In Leonardo's Last Supper, the numerous preparatory sketches and studies he made for the work indicate how carefully he thought about this work as a complete entity representing the entire story and its theme. Based on this which of the following would describe Leonardo's conceptualization of the figures from his Last Supper?

Each figure was individualized.

The Hundred Years War involved primarily which two kingdoms?

England and France

What does the fountain created by Claus Sluter for the cloister of Chartreuse de Champmol symbolize?

Everlasting Life

In the 15th century, the Dukes of Burgundy wielded power over which of the following counties?

Flanders

This historian, Giovanni Villani, wrote in the 14th century that this city was, "the daughter and creature of Rome" suggesting a preeminence inherited from the Roman Empire. Which of the following citystates does this phrase describe?

Florence

Which of the following was the Dominican painter-friar who combined elements of the new style of art with traditional religious devotional works that did not conflict with the content of the works?

Fra Angelico

In 1305, the College of Cardinals elected a pope from which of the following countries?

France

The frontality, stiff poses, and lack of modeling as seen in Berlingheri's Saint Francis Alterpiece can be said to be which of the following?

Fundamentally medieval

The fifteenth-century Italian artist whose work showed the most influence of the International style was ______________.

Gentile da Fabriano

Which of the following artists actively collected Classical sculpture?

Ghiberti

Which of the following artists was the winner of the famous competition for the bronze doors of the Florence Baptistery?

Ghiberti

He restored the naturalistic approach to painting as practiced in Antiquity. He inaugurated a method of pictorial expression based on observation. He revealed nature and its visible order. This describes which of the following artists?

Giotto

This artist projected on a flat surface the illusion of space. He also projected the illusion of solid bodies moving though that space. This description describes which of the following artists?

Giotto

Whose work is best characterized by the use of solid volumes resting firmly on the flat and horizontal surface of this earth?

Giotto

Which of the following was the primary church for the Jesuits in Rome?

Il Gesù

Michelangelo's fascination with the human body was a lifelong pursuit. In his David he presented a perfect body with an attuned mind, prepared and ready for action. Which of the following descriptions of this work would support this statement?

It is a combination of athletic tension and psychological insight.

In Masaccio's Trinity, he embodies two principal Renaissance interests. One is realism based on observation. Which of the following is the other?

It is the application of mathematics to pictorial organization of perspective.

In Masaccio's Expulsion of Adam and Eve from Eden Adam's feet clearly come into contact with the ground. Which of the following is the interpretation for this?

It marks the human presence on earth.

The Nuremberg Chronicle is a tribute to the new craft of the printed illustrated book. What was the content of the Nuremberg Chronicle?

It was the history of the world.

Which of the following artists secularized portraiture?

Jan van: Eyck

Who was the noble patron who commissioned Les Très Riches Heures?

Jean, Duke of Berry

Of the following, who was one of the most important Roman patrons of Michelangelo?

Julius II

Leonardo painted the Madonna of the Rocks, and it is said this work is a masterpiece in expressing emotional states. He modeled the figures with light and shadow-- a technique he learned from earlier works. Which 15th century Italian artist would have influenced Leonardo?

Masaccio

In Masaccio's Trinity there is a coffered barrel-vault reminiscent of which of the following?

Roman triumphal arch

The major center for artistic development in the High Renaissance was ___________.

Rome

Which of the following cities was considered the rightful capitol of the Roman Catholic Church?

Rome

In Martin Schongauer's engraving he created distinctions of tonal values and textures. He distinguished between skin and cloth, feather and fur. Which of the following is the title of Martin Schongauer's engraving?

Saint Anthony Tormented by Demons

Les Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry like many Books of Hours contains a calendar. This section of this manuscript in particular depicts which of the following?

Seasonal tasks

Which of the following works describes the Roman school of painting that replaced Byzantine stylized dignity with the careful depiction of light?

Seated Apostles

Which Italian city played the most important role in the development of Renaissance ideas and art forms in the early fifteenth century?

Siena

Which of the following artists was the one that was most interested in depicting the human body in violent action?

Signorelli

Which of the following describes the style of Fra Angelico?

Simple and direct

The Dukes of Burgundy commissioned art to reinforce their status as rulers in their dynasty. Which of the following best supports this?

The Dukes wanted to reinforce the view of power andsophistication

Giotto's Enthroned Madonna reflected the new trend toward naturalism and classical modeling of the figures. Which of the following describes this new trend?

The Virgin is solid and has mass

Which of the following sculptural conventions did Michelangelo use for the figure of Moses in order to create an expression of "awful wrath"?

The bulging muscles and swollen veins of the figure

Leonardo's style fully emerges in the cartoon, Virgin and Child with Saint Anne and the Infant Saint

The cartoon is ordered with pictorial logic and visual unity.

Which of the following describes Ghiberti's use of the Medieval narrative method in his Baptistery panel?

The figures in varying degrees of projection and postures, move gracefully through a convincing stage space.

How did Michelangelo's David become a political statement?

The placement of figure near the west door of the Palazzo della Signoria

Which painter created dynamic compositions, often by means of swirling clouds and fitful light?

Tintoretto

His remarkable sense of color and his ability to convey light through color emerge in the altarpiece, Assumption of the Virgin. Who was this artist?

Titian

How has Michelangelo portrayed David?

With stern watchfulness before the battle

In Masaccio's Trinity, the vanishing point can be found at which of the following?

at the foot of the Cross

Which of the following accounted for the interest in illusionism in French manuscript illumination?

contact with Italy

The work of Giovanni Pisano as seen in his pulpit for Saint'Andrea, Pistoia, shows a nervous energy and emotion not found in the work of his father. It can be said that the work of Giovanni shows an interest in which of the following?

naturalism

Which of the following describes the Medieval narrative method?

presenting several episodes in a single frame

Which of the following was one of the favorite compositional devices of painters of the High Renaissance?

pyramid

Emerging capitalism led to urban prosperity. This prosperity led to a growing interest in which of the following art types?

secular portraits

The Portinari Altarpiece contains medieval pictorial devices, small scenes that stress the meaning and significance of the depicted event. Which of the following is one such medieval pictorial device?

the Arrival of the Magi

The most devastating natural disaster in Europe during the late 1300s was which of the following?

the Black Death

Paul III convened the Council of Trent in 1545. It was part of which of the following?

the Counter-Reformation

The Sistine ceiling represents which of the following themes?

the chronology of Christianity

In the scene, Creation of Adam, from the Sistine Chapel ceiling God and Adam confront each other in the primordial void. Adam is part of the earth while the Lord transcends the earth. Which of the following interpretations best describes this depiction?

the humanist interpretation of the event

What did the humanist cult of fame emphasize?

the importance of creative individuals

Jan van Eyck's Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride contains many symbols. Which of the following is an allusion to God?

the mirror

What element did Duccio bring to the Maestà?

the modeled figures

Ghiberti's competitive panel for the Baptistery doors of the Florence Cathedral shows classical references that reflect influences of humanism. Which of the following is a classical reference seen on Ghiberti's panel?

the naked figure of Isaac

In Perugino's Christ Delivering the Keys of the Kingdom to St. Peter, the artist has reminded the viewer of the link between Constantine, St. Peter, and the basilica of St. Peter. Which of the following is the vehicle used as that reminder?

the triumphal arches in the background

The Triumph of Death is a powerful depiction of death and the folly of pleasure and the inevitability of death. The Dominicans, an order committed to a life of poverty, participated in the design of this work. Based on this which of the following groups would be portrayed in a negative light?

the young aristocrats

How did Masaccio create a sense of bulk for his figures in the Tribute Money?

through modeling with a specific light source outside the picture

Which of the following is a medieval element depicted on the pulpit for the Baptistry of Pisa Cathedral?

trilobed arches

Which of the following was characteristic of the work of Simone Martini?

use of elegant flowing contour

Donatello was commissioned to create five statues for the bell tower (Campanile) of Florence Cathedral. How did he design these figures in relation to the height factor?

with subtly calculated distortions