Art history mid term

the Descent from the Cross at the Prado. Rogier van der weyden date & place

1435 Belgium

Michelangelo, Pieta - date & place

1498-99 florence

durer 1500 self portrait

1500 self portrait Shows the human body Writes in latin this time "He painted himself at 28 years old" At the most ideal moment of his life 28 = best looking Shows confidence Not ¾ - but frontal Most paintings like this showed christ He is showing himself like christ 1500 represents the celebration of christ & durer Fur collar in the fingers - feeling himself Ultimate self portrait - painting disguised as a miracle

Leonardo da Vinci: Mona Lisa - date & place

1503-6 Florence

Michelangelo: Sistine Chapel ceiling date & place

1508-1512 located in the Vatican City in Rome, Italy.

Michelangelo: Last judgment- altar wall - sistine chapel - date & place

1536-1541 (20 years after completing the ceiling) Vatican City in Rome, italy

Ghent altarpiece Hubert & Jan Van Eyck: date & place

- 1432 , Belgium

Michelangelo-david - composition

- Inspired by doryphoros & apollo, which represents the ancient Greeks' pursuit of perfect human beauty through mathematical proportions - David = biblical doryphoros Contrapposto - stands relaxed, but alert Perfect muscles Killing goliath with rock & slingshot Very white Representing a young boy 16/17 Has stone in hand. Hands relaxed but alert. Concentrated before the battle Head of goliath isn't there yet, cuz this is before battle. He has not killed goliath yet. Goliath with his armor and shield, David armed only with his rock, his sling, his faith in God and his courage. David hurls a stone from his sling with all his might and hits Goliath in the center of his forehead: Goliath falls on his face to the ground, and David then cuts off his head. David defeating goliath The slingshot he carries over his shoulder is almost invisible, emphasizing that David's victory was one of cleverness, not sheer force. He transmits exceptional self-confidence and concentration, both values of the "thinking man", considered perfection during the Renaissance.

composition: fra angelico annunciation

Composition: Annunciation = made for a church & belongs in a church. I Adam and Eve are being cast out from the Garden of Eden by an angel. This scene is joint with the annunciation scene b/c you can see god's hands releasing light and a dove (the holy spirit). Angel bowing before Mary = Gabriel - announcing to Mary that she will bear the son of god. Mary= showing acceptance. Mary is wearing blue= very valuable. Both of their arms are crossed. They are in an Ara Pacis, a Ceremonial altar built by Augustus, 1st century AD, Rome.= renaissance architecture. Round arches & classical capitals. These 2 scenes didn't happen at the same time, but he's showing both stories in one space. The proportions here are off b/c both the angel & Mary are too big for the space that they are in. Angelico tries to focus on perspective through the bench in the back room, the scrolls decreasing in size, & the shading of the ceiling. Perspective was developed by the Italians. This is so bright, colorful, & detailed for a tempera painting. This is the best tempera you can get in Florence. Tempera is egg based, so it dries very quickly, so you really need to know what you're doing. The wings & the halo are golden & very detailed. The foliage in the garden is very dense & detailed too.

Michelangelo: Last judgment- altar wall - composition

Darker than the ceiling because the protestant reformation began after the ceiling had been completed Impossibly muscular bodies, Lots of butts & private parts Angels don't have wings. Nobody has halos, wings, clothes. Angels are blowing their trumpets. Long golden trumpets from the book of revelations. Their heads are too big for their bodies. Super unusual & muscular. They are waking up the people from the dead Very odd & unusual Beardless christ. His torso is just way too wide St bartholomew. Naked man on a cloud who had his skin removed while he was alive. The skin is a self portrait of michelangelo which is in the middle btw christ the savior & the damned man. Also, it looks like he's holding it so lightly that it might fall off into the boat of charon on it's way to hell Fires of hell in the bottom right Damned man who has just realized he's going to spend eternity in hell Below christ we have the separation of the blessed(right)from the damned (left) Normally mary is helping people, but here she looks surprised & she is crouching powerless The blessed, who are rising from their graves & going to heaven, are being helped by angels who are helping them up Normally jesus is looking at you in the last judgment, but here he's looking at the damned & smiting them Medieval. Not as bright as the sistine chapel ceiling b/c this was 20 years after the protestant reformation Everyone is shocked cuz they think it's the end of the world Jesus cuz he has the wounds on the feet Jesus inspired by the apollo & laccoon & the belvedere torso statues

when & where 1) Fra Angelico: Annunciation.

Date: 1426 Florence- creator of Renaissance

Michelangelo - David - date & place

Date: 1501-1508 Florence (native of florence) Florence identifies themselves with david ; It is a politically significant character with the people of florence Michelangelo was only 26 years old in 1501, but he was already the most famous and best paid artist in his days.

Ghent altarpiece Hubert & Jan Van Eyck composition

Different proportions everywhere Outdoor panels show annunciation God the father, virgin mary & john the baptist Gothic architecture with no perspective Commissioners in the red left & right on the bottom outside panels The artists are not using linear perspective or representing the human body naturalistically There's tension btw the writing, which is a medieval convention, & the renaissance realism of the scene The annunciation, foretold by the prophets & sibylsm take place in the central panels, the angel gabriel visits mary to tell her she will have a baby In the center of the center panel, god the father is dressed like a king with the papal crown on his head & another crown at his feet Adam & eve are naked God's saving grace & power are themes that run through the altarpiece. This is a renaissance idea as opposed to the wrathful god of medieval art The fabric of god's throne shows the image of the pelican, who is feeding its children on its own flesh & blood. This is an image of god's love & forgiveness In representing a forgiving god, the van eyck brother are showing the influence of humanism The angels (with wings) playing instruments & others who are singing recall the sounds of heaven Adoration of the mystic lamb (magi) in the bottle Gold color - medieval

Leonardo da Vinci: Mona Lisa technique

Oil on panel. Sfumato - blurred contour, soft construct btw light & dark

Ghent altarpiece Hubert & Jan Van Eyck technique

Polyptych- Altarpiece for a church incredibly detailed, gold, jewelry, different faces called "the first major oil painting" & is regarded as marking the transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. Masterpiece of netherlandish art - oil technique First major oil painting. - Thin layers of oil to create the rich & often - brilliant colors, such as with the crown that lies at God's feet. This technique added to the overall perception of "new realism" which distinguished the northern European Renaissance from the southern. ​​ he pays special attention to the lighting & shading of figures by adding precise detail.

2) Van Eyck & Roger van der Weyden: Early Netherlandish painting Portraits

Rogier van der weyden c. 1400 - d.1464 Portrait of a woman - oil on panel - 1430 - OIL technique 1430's - Italians did not know how to do this - They are pioneers. - They created paintings that were lifelike - ¾ face portraits - EVENTUALLY, Italian artists developed the oil technique & produced portraits in three-quarters. - So detailed, techniques (mirror down there) Jan van Eyck. Portrait of a Man (Self portrait?), Great northern renaissance artist Raphael. The Cardinal 1510 - 1511. Oil on panel. Prado

durer - self portrait 1498

Self - assertion & confidence & wealth Expensive har, gloves, clothes only 26 He signed it, writing in german Oil cuz u cant use tempera for ¾ portrait Landscape in the back —- shows his knowledge of traveling

the Descent from the Cross at the Prado. - Rogier van der weyden composition

Super important & emotional Mary has fainted b/c of sadness for her son Everyone is very sad Way different than the ghent altarpiece - The ghent is at church, but this is at the prado because Pbillip II took it to spain - This painting is meant to be emotional. People prayed at it - depicts the Descent from the Cross - includes small crossbows in the corners - bloody nails - white pot (Mary's pot) - Mary (on the right) closes the composition with her gesture- she is standing like a crossbow, matches the crossbows In the corner - Saint John on the right - Mary holding up the virgin who has fainted b/c of grief Virgin Mary soooooo pale & has tears on her - Jesus' wound drips in 2 directions - insane detail - transparent cloth - the way the figures are all standing is not physically possible - lacking a little perspective because they're not in a real place. they are in a golden box. lack of background -the realness comes from details but not perspective - van der veyden influenced by sculpture - commissioned by the Crossbowmen's Brotherhood of Louvain in Belgium - Mary of Hungary acquired it around 1548 - Initially placed in Mary's castle - Mary later gave it to her nephew, Philip II of Spain, who transported it to Spain in 1551. - By 1574, it was recorded in the inventory of Philip's monastery palace, San Lorenzo de El Escorial. - The painting is described as a large panel depicting the deposition from the cross with Our Lady and 8 other figures. emotion, empathy, expressions, tears, sad eyes, wounds Mary has figuratively/ emotionally died b/c of her son's physical death. the color is drained from her face. her body limb. her actions mirror jesus' gesture

Michelangelo: Sistine Chapel ceiling technique

Technique: medium of fresco. One of the most popular methods of painting during the Renaissance, fresco means fresh in Italian, and involves painting directly onto an area of freshly laid and still-wet lime-based plaster. Lots of bright colors, greens, blues, pinks —--> bright but pastel, so it could be seen Michelangelo's frescoes showcase his mastery of anatomy, composition, and the use of light and shadow. The work is known for its intricate details, emotional intensity, and the sheer scale of the undertaking The paintings show rediscovery of ancient greek & roman sculptures

Technique Fra angelico Annunciation

Technique: tempera technique on wooden panel Egg tempera = paint that's created by mixing egg yolk with dry pigments & a little water. - used by medieval & early Renaissance painters, like Botticelli & fra angelico - fast drying & permanent, - painter needs to be very focused & concentrated. Even though oil is better for details, Fra angelico was able to achieve very bright colors through tempera. Gold tempera ground technique: Using linen, animal skin glue, & gesso to give a smooth base. charcoal was used to sketch the drawings. a needle was used to incise the outline of the figures. Medieval gold leaf used = coins beaten up very thinly. A red clay (bol) had to be applied first before the gold leaf, so that there were no green undertones. Tooling was used to make the figure sparkle & shimmer. Compass was used to incise the halo, & punching marks were made.

Leonardo da Vinci: Mona Lisa composition

The Mona Lisa is one of the earliest Italian portraits that closely focuses on the subject in a half-length view. The painting is large enough to include the arms and hands without touching the frame. It has realistic scale and a well-structured space, which gives her a sculptural quality. She is shown head to waist, sitting in a chair, with her left hand resting on top of the chair. There is a full landscape in the back. She is in 3/4 view. Looking at us. Da Vinci's technique of good spatial representation, atmospheric landscape, and monumentality inspired Florence and Lombardy in the early 1500s, even though some features like 3/4 view and atmospheric views were present in Flemish portraits of the 1400s. She has a little smirk clothing is unremarkable. Neither the yellow sleeves of her gown, nor her pleated gown, nor the scarf delicately draped round her shoulders are signs of aristocratic status. Likes to have not real landscapes The Mona Lisa was painted in Florence between 1503 and 1506, and it's believed to depict Lisa Gherardini, the wife of a merchant named Francesco del Giocondo. However, Leonardo da Vinci took the completed portrait to France instead of giving it to the person who commissioned it. It was eventually returned to Italy by Leonardo's student Salai. The painting's history is uncertain, including the sitter's identity, the commissioner, the duration of Leonardo's work, and how it ended up in the French royal collection. The portrait may have been created to mark the Giocondo family acquiring their house in 1503 or the birth of their second son in December 1502. The dark veil on Mona Lisa's hair is seen as a mourning symbol, worn during that time. The painting was stolen in 1913 from the Louvre but later recovered.

Michelangelo: Sistine Chapel ceiling - composition

The Sistine Chapel in the Vatican holds great importance in Catholicism 1 of the most famous and celebrated masterpieces of Renaissance art. It is located in the Vatican City in Rome, Italy. The project was commissioned by Pope Julius II and took approximately 4 years to complete, Ceiling first, then painting walls Lots of bright colors, greens, blues, pinks —--> bright but pastel, so it could be seen He painted the ceiling 5,800 square feet (about 537 square meters) Naked and animated bodies - elegance & strength & ideal beauty Different poses everyone is doing. Understands the human body very well Variety. Understands the need for variety Private chapel for the pope (the sides (frescos) are by boticelli) and art by Peru Gino. Christ giving the keys to St. Peter 1480s, Sistine Chapel. His women are similar to david. Very muscular & buff Perfect & not hairy bodies - copying statues Farnese cup inspiration (the flying) - object that was in the medici collection It looks like the human brain, which michelangelo was very interested in Lots of turning positions. Twisting her body in almost an impossible way The father looks like moses, which he just carved The father inspired by farnese cup (flying) Maybe inspired by the human brain The flood. Dramatic expressions 9 scenes from the book of genesis that move across the central panels: drunkenness of noah, the flood, sacrifice of noah, temptation and expulsion of adam and eve, creation of eve, creation of adam, separation of the land from the sea, creation of the sun, moon and planets, separation of light from darkness. Separating the 9 scenes are an architectural framework that looks real ceiling represents all of the intellectual & emotional power that characterizes the high renaissance in all of its new found appreciation for the ancient world Michelangelo's frescoes

durer- self portrait with thistle -1493

To send to Agnes on the eve of their marriage Thistle represents love & luck

Durer - his life

Travelled alot to italy, netherlands, etc Many skills: painter, printmaker, and writer Introduces the renaissance to northern europe, Wrote the book on the proportions of the human body—-> he was rly trying to be a renaissance artist Printing : Was the 1st to publish his works in the form of woodcut prints He branded / signed all of his works with the AD signature He always included himself in his works- the 1st artist in the modern sense Nuremberg - mythic city. Symbolic city of the roman empire Lived in nuremberg in its golden age Center of book production His paintings: 1st self-artist nude painting Drew himself drawing himself Always painted his hair : showed self/identity & talent Not ¾ - but frontal self portraits Durer's dad was a goldsmith - very detail oriented & hard Durer's first self portrait at 13 years old with silverpoint , which u can't erase He wrote about it too 1st child's self portrait in history —-> natural gift Crossed the alps for 6 months by himself landscape paintings watercolor Saw italian nudes w amazing proportions—-> used their technique Learned abt the italian's linear perspective & wrote abt it& published it Printing!!! —> his prints were sold Durer = victim of plagiarism Durer's trademark = himself. Signature on everything Rafael & durer exchanged art Went to netherlands to sell his art - center of commerce Nature fascinated him —> painted turf/grass in great detail & animals Books of proportions Painted his nightmare of an apocalypse Wrote that "great artists are similar to god. Great painter is full of figures"

durer- adam

date: 1507 , oil on panel Using science Weird cuz its a black background and there is no garden of eden (represents the fall is coming) Inspired by statues—> contrapposto

Michelangelo - David - technique

marble & huge!!!! Was meant to go very high up on the cathedral, so that's why it's huge Over 5 m high (17 ft) Very white in the renaissance they copied statues but they were completely white b/c they didn't know that classical statues were actually colorful

Michelangelo - technique & composition

marble statue Very detailed He signed his name on it - he represents the cultural/social shift of the artist Skilled Craftsman —-> creative genius

Michelangelo: Last judgment- altar wall - technique

medium of fresco. One of the most popular methods of painting during the Renaissance, fresco means fresh in Italian, and involves painting directly onto an area of freshly laid and still-wet lime-based plaster. Darker than the ceiling because the protestant reformation began after the ceiling had been completed Very odd & unusual

the Descent from the Cross at the Prado. Rogier van der weyden technique

oil on panel Crossbows in the corner —-- gothic architecture Transition btw medieval & renaissance lifesized crazy detail No perspective, but lots of detail -the realness comes from details but not perspective folding of clothing textures Van der Weyden dressed the characters in contemporary outfits, reflecting the fashion of the Low Countries in the 1430s - Life sized painting/figures - People were shocked when they saw this for The first time, as they had never seen a photo