Art History Part 2

What is Rococo?

"barocco" & "rocaille" (shells, scrolls, garlands of flowers, pebbles, oval & mixFlinear forms, etc. Art produced as a commodity on sale to the industrial rich and even the emerging middle class has its roots in in the Rococo when the court culture of Versailles was replaced by the salon culture of Paris Refined and fanciful style Developed around 1715, when the duc d'orleans, regent for the boy king Louis XV moved his home and the French court from Versailles to Paris

what was going on in the early 19th century in France?

Neoclassicism & Romanticism • Paris, as major artistic center • French Academy & Ateliers (studios); Paris Salon • Followers of Poussin versus Followers of Rubens • David & Gros, propagandists of Napoleon ́s deeds

including present-day Turkey, Greece, the Middle East, and North Africa—exerted its allure on the Western artist's imagination centuries prior to the turn of the nineteenth century Gerome

Orientalism

what was the souvenir of the grand tour?

Portraits of the Grand Tour and Views of Venice, Florence, Naples, Rome

Realism is an approach to art in which subjects are depicted in as straightforward a manner as possible, without idealizing them and without following rules of formal artistic theory.

Realism

what is romanticism?

Romanticism began and served as a counterpoint to enlightenment rationalism. The central premise of romanticism was that an exploration of emotions, the imagination, and intuition could lead to a more nuanced understanding of the world

what is Veduta / vedute ("view")?

a more naturalistic rendition of the cityscape

explain the reign of terror?

abolished the monarchy by killing them with the guillotine

what is meant by sublime?

allegory to comment on philosophical and religious naturalize conditions (make them feel inevitable) middle ages- dark ages/ mysterious, miracles, etc. appeal to emotion exiting and thrilling (feelings that can be felt in nature)

what is meant by romanticism?

concerned w/ intensity of emotion expressive/ passionate loose brush strokes direct expression of artist's genius (he's paying attention to contemporary events) orientalism power of nature

What is Fete Galante?

elegant outdoor entertainment

what is Capriccio / capricci ("caprice") ?

look classical, but not realistic (have things that are not near each other, near each other like eiffel tower and pantheon next to each other). an imaginary landscape or cityscape in which the artist mixed actual structures, such as famous ruins, with imaginary ones to create attractive compositions; an imaginary landscape or cityscape in which the artist mixed actual structures, such as famous ruins, with imaginary ones to create attractive compositions;

EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY PAINTING IN BRITAIN & THE BRITISH COLONIES was characterized by:

neoclassicism and romanticism art coexisting supernatural portraits growing middle class landscapes/ scenes of everyday life and history paintings competing schools of art

What are some things that showcased the fact that the 18th and 19th century was a time of social and economic transformation?

new middle class of industrialist/capitalists. Poor people started to move inward to the cities to work at factory jobs, which had horrible conditions

18th and 19th century was also the: age of blank and age of blank

reason and enlightenment (superstition was irrelevant. Scientific evidence was important). In England, John Locke argued that reasonable and rational thought should supplant superstition, and Isaac Newton insisted upon empirical observation, rational evaluation, and logical consideration in mathematics and science The emphasis on thought enlightened by reason was applied to political and moral philosophy as well as science

what art form did wrinkle men attack?

rococo said it was immoral

18th and 19th century was a time where numerous types of Intellectual trends, cultural & artistic movements & styles coexisted such as: blank, blank, and blank

romanticism, rococo, and neoclassicism

18th and 19th century was a time where people question the role of the state-what did they feel its role was?

they felt they had natural rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness and if the government was ruling right they could be killed

T or F did neoclassical become the style that symbolized the state of France

true

T or F: David's art was appreciated by Napoleon. This appreciation of his art by Napoleon led to him being freed from prison

true

T or F: The early 18th and 19th century in Europe and America was a TIME OF CHANGES: society, economy, thoughts, poliFcs (England, France, USA). Independence gained in French colony Haiti and freedom obtained by spanish colonies in Mexico. America's war for independence

true

is an early photographic process introduced in 1841 by William Henry Fox Talbot, using paper coated with silver iodide.

Calotype

new and unusual or experimental ideas, especially in the arts, or the people introducing them. Courbet Realism

Avant garde

Photography developed in 19th century: associate these 4 names with it:

NIEPCE DAGUERRE TALBOT MORSE

what is neoclassicism?

Neo" as new: Classical ideals, style from Classical Greek & Roman art • AESTHETICS: PainFngs reflected clear forms, Fght composiFons, shallow space of ancient relief sculpture • IDEALS: Ancient world as the source for European and American democracies: Neoclassical art as embodiment of civic and moral ideals. Neoclassical art for public display, to inspire patrioFsm, naFonalism, visual expression of the state, and those ideals

Renoir,Pissarro, Sisley, Morisot, monet, dogas Plein air Upper middle class in Paris in dancehall, on boat, in park, etc. wanted to show off industrialize Paris Trains allowed escape to countryside Painters working hours became more established Painted outdoors Didn't submit to salons Anonymous society of painting

Impressionism

What was the Grand Tour?

From the late 1600s until well into the 19th century, the education of a wealthy young northern European or American men was completed on the grand tour, an extended visit to the major cultural sites of southern Europe Artists and intellectuals who found inspiration in the classical past were instrumental in the development of Neoclassicism, which was both a way of viewing the world and an influential movement in the visual arts Artists in Italy benefited not only from their access to authentic works of antiquity, but also from the steady stream of wealthy art collectors on the grand tour Tourists visited the studios of important Italian artists in order to view and purchase works that could be brought home and displayed as evidence of their cultural travels created portraits of themselves, which were the equivalent of selfies, in front of important places in ancient cites such as rome, NAPLES, HERCULANEUM, POMPEII, & THE "MAGNA GRECIA" (Paestum, Agrigentum, etc.), Florence, Venice