Art History Unit 4 Quizzes

The ___________ Church took a huge hit in the early 1500s.

Catholic

With the help of great patronage from the ________, Italian and Spanish artists in the Baroque era had the financial backing and wherewithal to experiment in new ideas like facial and spiritual emotion.

Catholic Church

___: He was admired by his contemporaries for his skill at capturing the natural effects of light.

Claude

___: where high-powered Catholic leaders met to discuss their doctrine, their practices, and their image

Council of Trent

___: an "image makeover" for the Catholic Church where they could be more appealing to the public

Counter-Reformation

Religious-themed art was the norm in the Belgian south, while it was strictly forbidden in the strict Calvinist churches of the ________ north; the result in the Netherlands was a typically secularized subject matter.

Dutch

____________ was dominated by the Catholic Church and a ruling monarchy, while Holland was an independent democracy with Protestant ties.

Flanders

__________ Baroque was flamboyantly detailed, while Dutch artists emphasized the economic strata of its prosperous population.

French

___: He mixed both landscapes and portraits in one painting.

Gainsborough

___: Although his brushstrokes are visible and appear choppy and hurriedly done, they form natural-looking images from a distance.

Hals

___: He focused on the hardships and the problems that people faced as opposed to the beautifying of people like many of his contemporaries.

Hogarth

Although the intentions of the ___________ were understandable, it actually had a reverse effect on the psyche of Europe.

Index

The mission of the Holy Office of the __________ was to round up heretics, especially in Spain and Italy, and deal with them.

Inquisition

___: the Church's attempt to rid what they saw as acts of heresy

Inquisition

The ____________ highlighted the meaningful mythology that colored their classical heritage.

Italians

Baroque artists came from all over Europe to the country of __________.

Italy

The mission of the ___________ was to build an order on a very strict set of rules for living and developing spiritually.

Jesuits

In 1985, the Illustrated London News held a contest to determine the "World's Greatest Painting" in which __________ won.

Las Meninas

________ start popping up more and more in art of the Baroque era, as they started to become a symbol for the competition between artists and nature in producing an image that is as real as possible.

Mirrors

Baroque art that depicted ordinary people doing ordinary things

Northern Baroque

___: His passion for painting was drawn from the classics of Greece and Rome.

Poussin

People like Martin Luther, John Calvin, John Knox, and Ulrich Zwingli pointed out the flaws in the Catholic way of doing things, and in protest started new _______ Christian faiths.

Protestant

___: a religious movement started by leaders who questioned the Catholic Church of the time

Protestant

The Baroque era was a time that was marked by the artistic geniuses of Velazquez, ___, and Caravaggio, while at the same time it became more accessible to the ordinary person.

Rembrandt

___: He was the foremost master of painting the elusive texture of skin.

Rembrandt

___: He put out over 2,000 masterpieces - a number that only compares to Picasso in works produced.

Rubens

Baroque art that was more realistic than climactic, more genuine than theatrical

Southern Baroque

In 1542, Pope Paul III gathered high-level Catholic leaders to the city of ________, Italy, to discuss the ways in which the Catholics could address their doctrine.

Trent

____________ loved complex special arrangements and often created precise visual illusions of objects in a confined space.

Vermeer

With over 2,000 windows in the palace of ____________, it looked more like a lavish hotel than a royal residence.

Versailles

___: Louis XIV's opulent palace

Versailles

___: The technique where the artist increases the distance by capturing how colors lose their intensity as distance increases.

atmospheric perspective

movement in art that came about during then Counter-Reformation

baroque

Gentileschi painted scenes of ____________ females as seen in Judith Slaying Holofernes that served as metaphors for her own tormented life.

biblical

___: a technique used by Baroque artists that added light to a dark canvas

chiaroscuro

___________ is an Italian term that literally translates as from light to dark.

chiaroscuro

Hogarth invented an entirely new genre for himself that people of all socio-economic classes could understand and enjoy: the ________.

comic strip

Gainsborough developed into an incredible portrait artist in his own right, usually having his sitters wear casual, _______ dress, which echoed his easy-going, laid-back personality and style.

contemporary

In the 17th century, the two most powerful countries in Europe were France and England. Both countries were run by _______.

divine-right monarchies

Claude focused on painting idyllic landscapes and gave them a _______, almost unbelievable beauty.

dreamlike

Baroque painters employed the dramatic use of light and shadow to emphasize the __________ and psychological nature of its subjects.

emotional

Franz Hals was a Dutch artist who had the incredible ability to capture the personality of his model, largely through fleeting ________.

facial expressions

Peter Paul Rubens was one of the most outstanding Baroque painters, simply for the way he reflected the social representation of what he could call "______________________."

ideal beauty

Artists often extended a(n) _____________ to the viewer to become an essential part of the work, which gave the viewer a sense of ownership of the scene depicted.

invitation

Because of this enthusiasm, artists created a plethora of high-quality art, and many artists began to specialize in specific subjects like still lifes, _________, animals, and interior portraits.

landscapes

Despite the broad variety of what was "baroque," however, there was one trait common to all baroque artists: mastery in the use of _________ to achieve a deeply rich and emotional impact.

light

El Greco's style is known as "_________," which consists of intense, inward-looking emotion and figures that look posed, rather than in their natural state.

mannerism

Rembrandt's early paintings are based on physical action, ____________ emotion, and used dramatic contrasts of dark and light to add to the emotion of his pieces.

melodramatic

French Baroque art was awe-inspiring, as it used big, open, landscapes and _______________ as its primary themes.

nature

What is the name of this structure that was built for King Louis XIV?

palace of Versailles

Since religious art was prohibited in the Puritan churches of England, English Baroque art took the form of ______ that defined and elevated one's status in the eyes of others.

portraiture

After the Council of Trent, the Church decided to sponsor artwork that would stir people's emotions in a _________ way; they wanted art to tell biblical stories and convey deep feelings, particularly to the illiterate.

positive

Underlying all of Poussin's art is the search for ideal beauty and form, which he believed he could reveal through the understanding of ________.

reason

In the Baroque era, however, the use of light and ___ becomes much more sophisticated.

shadow

In Belgium, art moved out of the literature and into the painter's _______, where it took on an entirely new form.

studio

___: when an artist does his work mainly in his studio which gives the piece a recognizable feature

studio signature

To his credit, Rembrandt was the foremost master of the most elusive __________ to perfect: human skin, especially on the hands and faces of old people.

texture

The Spanish focused on their most beloved book: ____________.

the Bible

___: He called himself the gentlemanly painter.

van Dyck