Art quiz four

plein air

An approach to painting much popular among the Impressionists, in which an artist sketch outdoors to achieve a quick impression of light, air, and color. The artist then takes the sketches to the studio for reworking into more finished works of art.

Romanticism

. 1800 to 1850 starts off as a French style. (Romantic literature themes, exotic, man versus nature, violence, emotional). A Western culture phenomenon.

Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

A 19th-century English art movement whose members wished to create art free from what they considered the artificial manner propagated in the academies by the successors of Raphael.

Regionalism

A 20th-century American art movement that portrayed American rural life in a clearly readable, realist style. Major Regionalists include Grant Wood and Thomas Hart Benton.

mobile

A kind of sculpture, invented by Alexander Calder, combining nonobjective organic forms and motion in balanced structures hanging from rods, wires, and colored, organically shaped plates.

Post-Impressionism

A late nineteenth-century style that relies on the Impressionist use of color and spontaneous brushwork but that employs these elements as expressive devices.

Impressionism

A late-19th-century art movement that sought to capture a fleeting moment, thereby conveying the elusiveness and impermanence of images and conditions.

Symbolism

A late-19th-century movement based on the idea that the artist was not an imitator of nature but a creator who transformed the facts of nature into a symbol of the inner experience of that fact.

Poussiniste

A member of the French Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture during the early 18th century who followed Nicholas Poussin in insisting that form was the most important element of painting. See also Rubéniste.

Rubeniste

A member of the French Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture during the early 18th century who followed Peter Paul Rubens in insisting that color was the most important element of painting.

Modernism

A movement in Western art that developed in the second half of the 19th century and sought to capture the images and sensibilities of the age. Modernist art goes beyond simply dealing with the present and involves the artist 's critical examination of the premises of art itself.

Daguerreotype

A photograph made by an early method on a plate of chemically treated metal; developed by Louis J. M. Daguerre.

Lithography

A printmaking technique in which the artist uses an oil-based crayon to draw directly on stone plate and then wipes water onto the stone. When ink is rolled onto the plate, edit here is only to the drawing. The print produced by this is it method is a lithograph.

Bauhaus

A school of architecture in Germany in the 1920s under the aegis of Walter Gropius, who emphasized the unity of art, architecture, and design.

International Style

A style of 20th-century architecture associated with Le Corbusier, whose elegance of design came to influence the look of modern office buildings and skyscrapers.

Neoclassicism

A style of art and architecture that emerged in the later 18th century. Part of a general revival of interest in classical cultures, Neoclassicism was characterized by the utilization of themes and styles from ancient Greece and Rome.

Surrealism

A successor to Dada, Surrealism incorporated the improvisational nature of its predecessor into its exploration of the ways to express in art the world of dreams and the unconscious. Biomorphic Surrealists, such as Joan Miró, produced largely abstract compositions. Naturalistic Surrealists, notably Salvador Dalí, presented recognizable scenes transformed into a dream or nightmare image.

Pointillism

A system of painting devised by the 19th-century French painter Georges Seurat. The artist separates color into its component parts and then applies the component colors to the canvas in tiny dots (points). The image becomes comprehensible only from a distance, when the viewer's eyes optically blend the pigment dots. Sometimes referred to as divisionism.

Suprematism

A type of art formulates by Kazimir Malevich to convey His belief that the supreme reality in the world is pure feeling, which attaches to no object in this calls for a new, nonobjective forms and art - shapes not related to objects in the visible world.

Odalisque

A woman in a Turkish harem.

De Stijil (The Style)

An early early 20th century art movement founded by Piet Mondrian and Theo van Doesburg, whose members promoted a utopian ideals and developed a simplified geometric style

Futurism

An early-20th-century Italian art movement that championed war as a cleansing agent and that celebrated the speed and dynamism of modern technology.

Fauvism

An early-20th-century art movement led by Henri Matisse. For the Fauves, color became the formal element most responsible for pictorial coherence and the primary conveyor of meaning.

Dada

An early-20th-century art movement prompted by a revulsion against the horror of World War I. Dada embraced political anarchy, the irrational, and the intuitive. A disdain for convention, often enlivened by humor or whimsy, is characteristic of the art the Dadaists produced.

Cubism

An early-20th-century art movement that rejected naturalistic depictions, preferring compositions of shapes and forms abstracted from the conventionally perceived world.

Mondrian

Composition with Red, Blue, and Yellow

Art Deco

Descended from Art Nouveau, this movement of the 1920s and 1930s sought to upgrade industrial design in competition with "fine art" and to work new materials into decorative patterns that could be either machined or handcrafted. Characterized by streamlined, elongated, and symmetrical design.

Manet

French Realist Painter.

avant-garde

French, "advance guard" (in a platoon). Late-19th- and 20th-century artists who emphasized innovation and challenged established convention in their work. Also used as an adjective.

fete galante

French, "amorous festival." A type of Rococo painting depicting the outdoor amusements of French upper-class society.

fin de siecle

French, "end of the century." A period in Western cultural history from the end of the 19th century until just before World War I, when decadence and indulgence masked anxiety about an uncertain future.

Art Nouveau

French, "new art." A late-19th- and early-20th-century art movement whose proponents tried to synthesize all the arts in an effort to create art based on natural forms that could be mass produced by technologies of the industrial age. The movement had other names in other countries: Jugendstil in Austria and Germany, Modernismo in Spain, and Floreale in Italy.

Calotype

From the Greek kalos, "beautiful." A photographic process in which a positive image is made by shining light through a negative image onto a sheet of sensitized paper.

Ukiyo-e

Japanese, "pictures of the floating world." During the Edo period, woodcut prints depicting brothels, popular entertainment, and beautiful women.

Rococo

Period 1700- 1750 begins in Paris. (Pretty, decorative, erotic, playful).

Realism

Period and style of art in 1850-1870. A movement that emerged in the mid-19th century France. Realist artists. Represented the subject matter of every day life in a relatively naturalistic mode.

gopuras

The massive, ornamented entrance gateway towers of southern Indian temple compounds.

mbulu ngulu

The wood-and-metal reliquary guardian figures of the Kota of Gabon.

Exspressionism

Twentieth-century art that is the result of the artists unique inner or personal vision and that often has an emotional dimension. Expressionism contrasts with art focused on visually describing the empirical world.