arthropods

30. THe appendages that scorpions and spiders use to capture and handle their prey are called

Palps

28. Directly behind the chelicerae, spiders have a pair of appendages calle dhte

Pedipalps

31. Spiders typically have

Two body segments and eight legs

arachnids can be identified based on the lack of these appendages

antennaes

phylum

arthropoda

the mouthparts of most arthropods include a pair of appendages called

mantibles that can be adapted for biting and chewing

what process do arthropods undergo in order to grow

molting

does an exoskeleton have the ability to grow with the organism

no

which appenages do spiders use to spin webs

spinnerets

scorpins

3. Scorpions a. These feed on insects, spiders, etc that they capture with their pedipalps and tear apart with their chelicerae b. Nocturnal

12. The easiest way to tell whether an arthropod is an insect or spider is to

Count its legs

27. In order for arthropods to grow larger, they muust

Grow a new exoskeleton

24. The appendages of arthropods

May serve as walking legs, may be modified into antennae, and many be modified into large pinchers

what are 3 characteristics that arthropods share with annelid?

segmentation bilateral symmetry coelom

C. Arthropods vs Annelids

1. Alike a. Segmented b. Invertebretes c. Biltareal symmetry d. Coelomates e. Protostome development 2. Unlike a. Exoskeletons b. Joined appendages

B. Vision

1. Most anthropods had one pair of compound eyes a. A compound eye has facets b. Each facet sees part of an image which combines in the brain into an image 2. THese heip flying anthropods analyzea fast changing landscape during flight 3. Detects movements of prey, mates, or predators and colors 4. They also have three to eight simple eyes a. A simple eye has one lens and functions by distinguishing light from dark b. Helps stablize flight

D. Chemicals

1. PHeromones are chemicals secreted by animal species tat influence the behavior of other animals of the same species a. Ants use their antennae to sense the odor of pheromones to follow the scent trail b. The odor varies with tthe command

C. Hearing

1. Tympanum a. This is a flat membrane used for hearing b. It vibrates in response to sound waevs c. They can be located on forelegs, on abdomen, or on thoraxs

spider reproduction

2. In reproduction, a male spider deposits sperm on a small web he has built, picks it up, stores in pedipalps, and them inserts it into the female a. The female lays her eggs in a cocoon spun of spidr silk b. They hatch and molt many times before the reach adult size

ticks

2. Ticks a. These are parasites that feed on blood after attaching themselves to surface of hosts b. They also have disease causing agents and introduce them to hosts when they bite

19. Like annelids, arthropods have

A coelom

II. Segmentation

A. Allows for the efficient and complex movement B. Three main regions: head thorax and abdomen

IV. Joined Appendages

A. Appendages are structures that grow and extend from an animals body B. Functions includes feeding, mating, sensing, walking and swimming C. Joints 1. Joined appendages allow them to have flexible movement and perform functions like mating and feeding

V. Molting

A. Arthropods must shed outer coverings to grow because coverings are made of nonliving materials B. New exoskeletons are made by them C. Process 1. Glands in skin make fluid that soften the old while the new forms underneath 2. As it grows, pressire increases and cracks old 3. Before the new one hardens, blood circulation increases to all parts of body and it puffs up a. Makes new exoskeleton have growing room

I. Crustaceans

A. Crabs, shrimps, lobsters, barnacles, water fleas, and pill bugs B. Live in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats C. Gave 2 pairs of antennae, two compund eyes at tips of moveable stalks, and mandibles for chewing 1. Manibles open and close from side to side D. Brached appendages 1. 5 pairs of legs a. Chelipeds are large claws adapted to catch and crush food, 1st pair of legs b. Behind the next 4 pair of legs are swimmerets 1. These are appendages that are used for reproduction and flipperes during swimming, and for some, feeding E. Have free swimming larval stage nauplius F. Sow bugs and pill bugs are terrestrial that live in damp places 1. 7 pairs of legs

V. Response to Stimuli

A. Intro 1. Most anthropods have a double chain of ganglia throughout their bodies on the ventral surface 2. Brain is made up of fused ganglia a. Most behaviors are controlled by ganglia in each segment, but the brain can inhihbit these actions

II. Spiders and Their Relatives

A. Introduction 1. Class Arachnida 2. Spiders, ticks, mites, and scorpions 3. Have a cephalothorax and abdomen 4. 6 pairs of joined appendages

II. Respiration

A. Maintaing a certain homeostatic balance of oxygen in body tissues enables animals to have energy B. Gills 1. Most aquetic arthropods have these C. Terrestrial 1. All terrestrial body tissues need to be by airways to obtain oxygen 2. Depend on respiratory systems to carry oxygen to cells 3. Most have tracheal tubes a. These are a system of branching tubes b. They carry oxygen throughout the body 4. SOme have book lungs a. These are saclike pockets with highly folded walls for respiration b. Foldedness increases the surface area of lungs and allow an efficient exchange of gases 5. BOth the tracheal and book lungs open to the outside of the body in openings called spiracles

IV. Excretion

A. Malpighian tubles 1. How cellular wastes are removed from blood 2. ALso helps terrestrial preserve water in body 3. In insects these are located in the the abdomen a. They are attached to and empty into the gut 4. Some crustaceans don't have these but motified nephridia

I. Feeding and Digestion

A. Mandibles 1. These are appendages in mouth that can be adapted for biting or chewing B. Other potential mouthpaers includes: feathery strainers, stabbing needles, cutting swords, or sucking strase C. They can be herbivores, carnivores, filter feeders, omnivores, or parasites D. Digestion 1. THey have complete one way digestion system with mouth gut, and anus 2. Also various glands that produce digestive enzymes

III. Horseshoe Crabs

A. Marina animals B. Unsegmented heavy exoskeletons in shape of horseshoe C. The chelicerae, pedipalps, and the next 3 pairs of legs are used for walking and getting food from the bottom of the sea D. They feed on annelids, mollusks, and other invertebrates, which they capture with their chelicerae E. The posterior appendages are modified with lead like plates at tips which can be used for digging or swimming F. Reproduction 1. THey come to shore to reproduce at high tide 2. The female burrows into the sand to lay her eggs 3. A male follows behind and adds sperm before the female covers her eggs with sand 4. Youth larvae hatch after being warmed by sun

III. Circulation

A. Most rely on respiratory system to circulate oxygen B. They do rely on circulatory system to transport nutrients and remove wastes C. Closed circulatory system 1. Blood maintains homeostasis in tissues by delivering nutrients and removing wastes

VII. Reproduction

A. Most reproduce sexually B. Seperate sexes 1. But few are hermaphrodites and undergo cross fertilization C. They have their eggs but they don't care for their offspring

VI. Movement

A. They are generally quick, active B. The mucles in an arthropod limb are attached to the inner surface of the exoskeleton on both sides of the joint C. The strength of muscle contration depends on the rate at which nerve implulses stimulate muscles

III. Exoskeleton

A. They have hard exoskeletons B. Provides a framework for support C. Protects soft body tiddue D. Slows water loss in animals that live on land E. Provides place for muscular attachment F. Chitin 1. WHat exoskeletons is made of G. Exoskeletons may be hard or flexible in parts 1. Flexible provides for moveable joints between body segments and within appendages H. Limit to exoskeleton hardness 1. Thin in small arthropods because it bears the pull of tiny muscles 2. Thicker in larger anthropods because it bears the pull of larger msucles

spider feeding

B. Spiders 1. Carnivores a. SOme hunt while others catch in webs 1. Silk is made from a fluid protein secreted by glands spun into silk by spinnerets, which are located at the end of a spiders abdomen 2. They are only capable of constructing certain kinds of webs, which allows them to do if efficiently time after time 3. After capturing in web, they wrap in silken cocoon until they want to eat it b. Digestion begins externally, where digestion enzymes are secreted onto prey c. Then they digest internally

22. HJoined appendages of arthropods may

Become specialized for particular functions, function in locomotion, and function in feeding

13. The respiratory organ in terrestrial arachnids is the

Book lung

23. The exoskeleton of arthropods is made of a material calle

Chitin

9. When threatened, pill bugs

Curl into a ball

33. Lyme disease is transmitted through the bite of a

Deer tick

7. Which of the following invertebrates is not a crustacean?

Horseshoe crab

17. Which modern day arthropods are most similar to fossil trilobites?

Horseshow crabs

6. An arthropod is vunerable to predators during the molting period because

Its new exoskeleton is soft

1. Typical primitive arthropods such as trilobites had bodies that were composed of

Many segments

26. Characteristics of arthropods include

Segmentation, a chitinous exoskeleton, and joined appendages

18. BOth arthropods and annelids have

Segmented bodies

20. A similarity between annelids and arthropods is that they both have

Segmented body patterns

10.. An example of an arachnid is a

Spider

32. The small nozzle- like structures used by spiders to produce silk are called

Spinnerets

5. Which of the following habitats do arthropods occuy?

The sea, the air, and the land

25. IN what way are lobsters similar to spiders?

They both have joined appendages, they both have exoskeletons, and they both haves segmented bodies

29. Spiders use silk to

Trap their prey, line their nests, and encase captured prey.

1. Head

a. Has mouthparts for feeding and various types of eyes b. Many have antennae 1. These are sensory structures that contain receptors for smell and touch

4. Cephalothorax

a. THis is a thorax region fused with the head

Spider appendages

a. The most anterior appendages is chelicerae 1. These are motified into mouthparts 2. Functions are fangs or pincers and are connected to a poison gland b. Secnd pair of appendages is the pedipalps 1. These are used for sensing and holding prey 2. They are also used for reproduction in male spiders 3. And as large pincers in scorpins c. The remaining 4 are used for locomotion 5. no antennae

mites

a. They have the cephalotorax and abdomen fused into one oval shaped body section b. They can be predators or parasites

3. Abdomen

a. This contains fused segments b. Posterior end c. Bears additional legs d. Contains digestive and reproductive organs

2. Thorax

a. This is the middle body region, consisting of 3 fused main segments to which many have wings attached

what are 2 adaptations that differentiate arthropods from annelies

an exoskeletona nd joined appendages

what is the exoskeleton made of

chitin

list 3 functions of arthropod appendages

feeding walking reproduction

majority are

insects

which appwndages fo spiders use to sense and capture prey

pediipalps

what is the name of the chemical that is secreted by animals that influence the behavios of other animals within the same species

pheromones

2. What does molting enable arthropods to do?

togrow